Punjabi language (English Wikipedia)

Arora, K. K.; Arora, S.; Singla, S. R.; Agrawal, S. S. (2007). "SAMPA for Hindi and Punjabi based on their Acoustic and Phonetic Characteristics". Proceedings Oriental COCOSDA: 4–6. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2022.

ahbabtrust.org

Hussain, Fayyaz; Khan, Muhammad Asim; Khan, Hina (2018). "The implications of trends in Punjabi: As a covert and/or an overt Prestige in Pakistan". Kashmir Journal of Language Research. 21 (2): 59–75. doi:10.46896/jicc.v3i01.188 (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024. Punjabi in Pakistan [is] language that is numerically prevalent.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

alyssaayres.com

Ayres, Alyssa (2008). "Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab" (PDF). The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (3): 917–946. doi:10.1017/S0021911808001204. S2CID 56127067. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. in India, Punjabi is an official language as well as the first language of the state of Punjab (with secondary status in Delhi and widespread use in Haryana).

apnaorg.com

"Punjabis Without Punjabi". apnaorg.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

apple.com

itunes.apple.com

"Connecting to the iTunes Store". itunes.apple.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

"SGPC claims Haryana govt ignoring Punjabi language". Hindustan Times. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

archive.org

G S Sidhu (2004). Panjab And Panjabi.
Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember; Ian A. Skoggard, eds. (2005). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Springer. p. 1077. ISBN 978-0-306-48321-9.

archive.today

"Chapter 4: "General." of Part XII: "Miscellaneous"". pakistani.org. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

books.google.com

Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1. Archived from the original on 21 January 2017.
Hoiberg, Dale (2000). Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
Brard, G.S.S. (2007). East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjab. Hemkunt Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 9788170103608. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Mir, F. (2010). The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjab. University of California Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780520262690. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Schiffman, H. (2011). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice. Brill. p. 314. ISBN 9789004201453. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Schiffman, Harold (9 December 2011). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-20145-3. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
Menon, A.S.; Kusuman, K.K. (1990). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications. p. 87. ISBN 9788170992141. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Shackle 2003, p. 587. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Shackle 2003, p. 588. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Shackle 2003, p. 589. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Masica 1991, p. 97. Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Masica 1991, p. 149. Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Shackle (2003:599) Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Shackle (2003:601) Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Masica (1991:257) Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
Nayar 1966, pp. 46 ff. Nayar, Baldev Raj (1966), Minority Politics in the Punjab, Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400875948, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 9 November 2019.
Shackle 2003, p. 594. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.

brecorder.com

"Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP". Business Recorder. 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

byu.edu

scholarsarchive.byu.edu

Bowden, A.L. (2012). "Punjabi Tonemics and the Gurmukhi Script: A Preliminary Study" Archived 17 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine.

censusindia.gov.in

"Statement 1 : Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
"Growth of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.

cia.gov

"The World Factbook - WORLD". CIA. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2023.

dailytimes.com.pk

Warraich, Faizan; Ali, Haider (15 September 2015). "Intelligentsia urges govt to promote Punjabi language". DailyTimes. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

dawn.com

"CCI defers approval of census results until elections". Dawn. 21 March 2021. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021. The figure of 80.54 million is calculated from the reported 38.78% for the speakers of Punjabi and the 207.685 million total population of Pakistan.

herald.dawn.com

"Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi". The Herald. 2 September 2106.
- "Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi – People & Society – Herald". herald.dawn.com. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

dhahanprize.com

"The Dhahan Prize | The Dhahan Prize for Punjabi Literature". dhahanprize.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

doi.org

Shackle 1979, p. 198. Shackle, Christopher (1979). "Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab". Transactions of the Philological Society. 77 (1): 191–210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x. ISSN 0079-1636.
Bhatia 2008, p. 128. Bhatia, Tej K. (2008), "Major regional languages", in Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru; S.N. Sridhar (eds.), Language in South Asia, Cambridge University Press, pp. 121–131, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511619069.008, ISBN 9780511619069.
Bhardwaj 2016, pp. 12–13. Bhardwaj, Mangat Rai (2016), Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781315760803, ISBN 9781138793859.
Bhardwaj 2016, p. 12. Bhardwaj, Mangat Rai (2016), Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781315760803, ISBN 9781138793859.
Bhardwaj 2016, p. 15. Bhardwaj, Mangat Rai (2016), Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781315760803, ISBN 9781138793859.
Hussain, Fayyaz; Khan, Muhammad Asim; Khan, Hina (2018). "The implications of trends in Punjabi: As a covert and/or an overt Prestige in Pakistan". Kashmir Journal of Language Research. 21 (2): 59–75. doi:10.46896/jicc.v3i01.188 (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024. Punjabi in Pakistan [is] language that is numerically prevalent.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Ayres, Alyssa (2008). "Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab" (PDF). The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (3): 917–946. doi:10.1017/S0021911808001204. S2CID 56127067. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. in India, Punjabi is an official language as well as the first language of the state of Punjab (with secondary status in Delhi and widespread use in Haryana).

ethnologue.com

Punjabi language at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

fairobserver.com

Ahmed, Ishtiaq (14 July 2020). "Why Punjabis in Pakistan Have Abandoned Punjabi". Fair Observer. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.

geocities.ws

Baart, J.L.G. "Tonal features in languages of northern Pakistan" Archived 28 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine

glottolog.org

"Glottolog 4.8 - Greater Panjabic". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.

google.co.in

"Google". Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

translate.google.co.in

"Google ਅਨੁਵਾਦ". Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

google.com

"Cloud ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ ਔਨਲਾਈਨ ਅਜਮਾਓ – Google ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ". Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

gowanusbooks.com

Zaidi, Abbas. "Linguistic cleansing: the sad fate of Punjabi in Pakistan". Archived from the original on 29 October 2016.

hawaii.edu

scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu

Khokhlova, Liudmila (January 2014). "Majority Language Death" (PDF). Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017. Punjabi was nonetheless included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India and came to be recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of the country.

hindustantimes.com

"SGPC claims Haryana govt ignoring Punjabi language". Hindustan Times. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
"Pbi University launches Punjabipedia | punjab | Hindustan Times". Hindustan Times. 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

indianexpress.com

"All milestones, signboards in Haryana to bear info in English, Hindi and Punjabi: Education Minister". The Indian Express. 3 March 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Punjabi, Urdu made official languages in Delhi". The Times of India. 25 June 2003. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
"Punjabi is 4th most spoken language in Canada". The Times of India. 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016.
"US survey puts Punjabi speakers in US at 2.8 lakh". The Times of India. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
"Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike". The Times of India. 4 October 2015.
- "Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

internationalphoneticassociation.org

Kanwal, J.; Ritchart, A.V (2015) "An experimental investigation of tonogenesis in Punjabi". Archived 18 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of the 18th International of Phonetic Sciences, 2015

jkculture.nic.in

"JK Cultural Academy". jkculture.nic.in. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016.

jstor.org

Kumar, Ashutosh (2004). "Electoral Politics in Punjab: Study of Akali Dal". Economic & Political Weekly. 39 (14/15): 1515–1520. JSTOR 4414869. Punjabi was made the first compulsory language and medium of instruction in all the government schools whereas Hindi and English as second and third language were to be implemented from the class 4 and 6 respectively

learnpunjabi.org

"ACTDPL, Punjabi University, Patiala". learnpunjabi.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

livehindustan.com

m.livehindustan.com

"पंजाबी सीखने वाले छात्रों को अगले माह बटेगा एकल प्रोत्साहन राशि". M.livehindustan.com. 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2018.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Mangat Rai Bhardwaj (2016). Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-138-79385-9. LCCN 2015042069. OCLC 948602857. OL 35828315M. Wikidata Q23831241.

meity.gov.in

tdil.meity.gov.in

Lata, Swaran; Arora, Swati (2013) "Laryngeal Tonal characteristics of Punjabi: An Experimental Study" Archived 18 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine

microsoft.com

"Microsoft Download Center". microsoft.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

mustgo.com

"Punjabi Language – Structure, Writing & Alphabet – MustGo". MustGo.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.

nation.com.pk

"Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi". The Nation. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
"Sufi poets can guarantee unity". The Nation. 26 August 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015.
"Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above". The Nation. 15 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
"Rally for Ending the 150-year-old Ban on Education in Punjabi" The Nation. 21 February 2011.
- "Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi". nation.com.pk. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

nclm.nic.in

"NCLM 52nd Report" (PDF). NCLM. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (PDF) (Report). National Commission on Linguistic Minorities. 2015. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. Languages taught in the State under the Three Language Formula: First Language : Hindi Second Language : Punjabi Third language : English

ons.gov.uk

273,000 in England and Wales, and 23,000 in Scotland:
- "2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales, March 2011". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2021.

openlibrary.org

Mangat Rai Bhardwaj (2016). Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-138-79385-9. LCCN 2015042069. OCLC 948602857. OL 35828315M. Wikidata Q23831241.

opr.gov.pk

"Facts about Pakistan". opr.gov.pk. Government of Pakistan – Office of the Press Registrar. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

pakistani.org

"Chapter 4: "General." of Part XII: "Miscellaneous"". pakistani.org. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

panjabdigilib.org

"Fifty Years of Punjab Politics (1920–70)". Panjab Digital Library. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

ppinewsagency.com

"Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor". PPI News Agency
- "Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor | Pakistan Press International". ppinewsagency.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Karamat, Nayyara, Phonemic inventory of Punjabi, p. 182, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.695.1248

pu.edu.pk

University of the Punjab (2015), "B.A. Two-Year (Pass Course) Examinations"
- "University of the Punjab – Examinations". pu.edu.pk. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
- University of the Punjab (2015). "Department of Punjabi". Archived from the original on 27 November 2016.

punjab.gov.pk

pilac.punjab.gov.pk

"Welcome to Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture | Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture". pilac.punjab.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017.

punjabiacademy.com

"Punjabi Academy". www.punjabiacademy.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017.

punjabipedia.org

"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੀਡੀਆ". punjabipedia.org. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

punjabiuniversity.ac.in

"final". punjabiuniversity.ac.in. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

punjabnewsexpress.com

Aujla, Harjap Singh (15 June 2015). "Punjabi's of Delhi couldn't get justice for Punjabi language". Punjab News Express. Retrieved 19 September 2015.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

quamiekta.com

"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੱਕਾ : ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਵਨ, ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ". 3 May 2017. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.

researchgate.net

Singh, Sikander (April 2019). "The Origin Theories of Punjabi Language: A Context of Historiography of Punjabi Language". International Journal of Sikh Studies.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ayres, Alyssa (2008). "Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab" (PDF). The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (3): 917–946. doi:10.1017/S0021911808001204. S2CID 56127067. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. in India, Punjabi is an official language as well as the first language of the state of Punjab (with secondary status in Delhi and widespread use in Haryana).

sikh-heritage.co.uk

Shiv Kumar Batalvi Archived 10 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine sikh-heritage.co.uk.

sourceforge.net

"Punjabi Linux (punlinux) download | SourceForge.net". sourceforge.net. 21 April 2013. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

statcan.gc.ca

www12.statcan.gc.ca

Government of Canada (9 February 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country] - Mother tongue". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.

statpak.gov.pk

"Population Census Organization". Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

telegraphindia.com

"Multi-lingual Bengal". The Telegraph. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

thehindu.com

"Punjab mandates all signage in Punjabi, in Gurmukhi script". The Hindu. 21 February 2020. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.

tribune.com.pk

Masood, Tariq (21 February 2015). "The colonisation of language". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
"Urdu-isation of Punjab – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

tribuneindia.com

India, Tribune (19 August 2020). "Punjabi matric exam on Aug 26". The Tribune. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
Singh, Jasmine (13 September 2015). "Serial killer". The Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
Singh, Perneet (9 July 2013). "Sikh bodies oppose DU's 'anti-Punjabi' move". Tribune India. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
"Sirsa again elected Punjabi Sahit Akademi president". Tribuneindia.com. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.

uchicago.edu

dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu

Sir, Yule, Henry (13 August 2018). "Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive". dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (13 August 2018). "A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary with Transliteration, Accentuation, and Etymological Analysis Throughout". Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

unc.edu

Mir, Farina. "Representations of Piety and Community in Late-nineteenth-century Punjabi Qisse". Columbia University. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2008.

unicode.org

ArLaam (similar to ArNoon) has been added to Unicode since Unicode 13.0.0, which can be found in Unicode Archived 28 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Arabic Extended-A 08C7, PDF Pg 73 under "Arabic Letter for Punjabi" 08C7 : ࣇ Arabic Letter Lam With Small Arabic Letter Tah Above

wals.info

"WALS Online – Language Panjabi". wals.info. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.

web.archive.org

"NCLM 52nd Report" (PDF). NCLM. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
"Punjab mandates all signage in Punjabi, in Gurmukhi script". The Hindu. 21 February 2020. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
"All milestones, signboards in Haryana to bear info in English, Hindi and Punjabi: Education Minister". The Indian Express. 3 March 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
"Punjabi, Urdu made official languages in Delhi". The Times of India. 25 June 2003. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
"Multi-lingual Bengal". The Telegraph. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
India, Tribune (19 August 2020). "Punjabi matric exam on Aug 26". The Tribune. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
"The World Factbook - WORLD". CIA. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
Sir, Yule, Henry (13 August 2018). "Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive". dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (13 August 2018). "A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary with Transliteration, Accentuation, and Etymological Analysis Throughout". Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1. Archived from the original on 21 January 2017.
Hoiberg, Dale (2000). Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
Brard, G.S.S. (2007). East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjab. Hemkunt Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 9788170103608. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Mir, F. (2010). The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjab. University of California Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780520262690. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Schiffman, H. (2011). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice. Brill. p. 314. ISBN 9789004201453. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Schiffman, Harold (9 December 2011). Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-20145-3. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
Menon, A.S.; Kusuman, K.K. (1990). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications. p. 87. ISBN 9788170992141. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
"Population Census Organization". Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
"CCI defers approval of census results until elections". Dawn. 21 March 2021. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021. The figure of 80.54 million is calculated from the reported 38.78% for the speakers of Punjabi and the 207.685 million total population of Pakistan.
"Punjabi is 4th most spoken language in Canada". The Times of India. 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016.
"Statement 1 : Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
"Growth of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
Government of Canada (9 February 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country] - Mother tongue". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
273,000 in England and Wales, and 23,000 in Scotland:
- "2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales, March 2011". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- "US survey puts Punjabi speakers in US at 2.8 lakh". The Times of India. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
- "Glottolog 4.8 - Greater Panjabic". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- Shackle 2003, p. 587. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Shackle 2003, p. 588. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ArLaam (similar to ArNoon) has been added to Unicode since Unicode 13.0.0, which can be found in Unicode Archived 28 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Arabic Extended-A 08C7, PDF Pg 73 under "Arabic Letter for Punjabi" 08C7 : ࣇ Arabic Letter Lam With Small Arabic Letter Tah Above
- Shackle 2003, p. 589. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Masica 1991, p. 97. Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Arora, K. K.; Arora, S.; Singla, S. R.; Agrawal, S. S. (2007). "SAMPA for Hindi and Punjabi based on their Acoustic and Phonetic Characteristics". Proceedings Oriental COCOSDA: 4–6. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- Bowden, A.L. (2012). "Punjabi Tonemics and the Gurmukhi Script: A Preliminary Study" Archived 17 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
- Kanwal, J.; Ritchart, A.V (2015) "An experimental investigation of tonogenesis in Punjabi". Archived 18 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of the 18th International of Phonetic Sciences, 2015
- Lata, Swaran; Arora, Swati (2013) "Laryngeal Tonal characteristics of Punjabi: An Experimental Study" Archived 18 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- Baart, J.L.G. "Tonal features in languages of northern Pakistan" Archived 28 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Masica 1991, p. 149. Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- "WALS Online – Language Panjabi". wals.info. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- Shackle (2003:599) Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Shackle (2003:601) Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Masica (1991:257) Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Nayar 1966, pp. 46 ff. Nayar, Baldev Raj (1966), Minority Politics in the Punjab, Princeton University Press, ISBN 9781400875948, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 9 November 2019.
- Shackle 2003, p. 594. Shackle, Christopher (2003), "Panjabi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 581–621, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, archived from the original on 2 April 2023, retrieved 7 October 2020.
- "Punjabi Language – Structure, Writing & Alphabet – MustGo". MustGo.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- Shiv Kumar Batalvi Archived 10 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine sikh-heritage.co.uk.
- Mir, Farina. "Representations of Piety and Community in Late-nineteenth-century Punjabi Qisse". Columbia University. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
- Hussain, Fayyaz; Khan, Muhammad Asim; Khan, Hina (2018). "The implications of trends in Punjabi: As a covert and/or an overt Prestige in Pakistan". Kashmir Journal of Language Research. 21 (2): 59–75. doi:10.46896/jicc.v3i01.188 (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024. Punjabi in Pakistan [is] language that is numerically prevalent.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
- "Facts about Pakistan". opr.gov.pk. Government of Pakistan – Office of the Press Registrar. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- Ahmed, Ishtiaq (14 July 2020). "Why Punjabis in Pakistan Have Abandoned Punjabi". Fair Observer. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
- Zaidi, Abbas. "Linguistic cleansing: the sad fate of Punjabi in Pakistan". Archived from the original on 29 October 2016.
- University of the Punjab (2015), "B.A. Two-Year (Pass Course) Examinations"
  - "University of the Punjab – Examinations". pu.edu.pk. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  - University of the Punjab (2015). "Department of Punjabi". Archived from the original on 27 November 2016.
  - Masood, Tariq (21 February 2015). "The colonisation of language". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  - Warraich, Faizan; Ali, Haider (15 September 2015). "Intelligentsia urges govt to promote Punjabi language". DailyTimes. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  - "Punjabis Without Punjabi". apnaorg.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  - "Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor". PPI News Agency
    - "Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor | Pakistan Press International". ppinewsagency.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
    - "Urdu-isation of Punjab – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
    - "Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi". The Nation. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
    - "Sufi poets can guarantee unity". The Nation. 26 August 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015.
    - "Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above". The Nation. 15 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
    - "Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP". Business Recorder. 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 21 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
    - "Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi". The Herald. 2 September 2106.
      - "Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi – People & Society – Herald". herald.dawn.com. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
      - "Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike". The Times of India. 4 October 2015.
        "Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Rally for Ending the 150-year-old Ban on Education in Punjabi" The Nation. 21 February 2011.
        "Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi". nation.com.pk. 21 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        Khokhlova, Liudmila (January 2014). "Majority Language Death" (PDF). Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017. Punjabi was nonetheless included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India and came to be recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of the country.
        "Fifty Years of Punjab Politics (1920–70)". Panjab Digital Library. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
        Ayres, Alyssa (2008). "Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab" (PDF). The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (3): 917–946. doi:10.1017/S0021911808001204. S2CID 56127067. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. in India, Punjabi is an official language as well as the first language of the state of Punjab (with secondary status in Delhi and widespread use in Haryana).
        52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (PDF) (Report). National Commission on Linguistic Minorities. 2015. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. Languages taught in the State under the Three Language Formula: First Language : Hindi Second Language : Punjabi Third language : English
        Singh, Jasmine (13 September 2015). "Serial killer". The Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
        Singh, Perneet (9 July 2013). "Sikh bodies oppose DU's 'anti-Punjabi' move". Tribune India. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
        "final". punjabiuniversity.ac.in. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "ACTDPL, Punjabi University, Patiala". learnpunjabi.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੀਡੀਆ". punjabipedia.org. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Pbi University launches Punjabipedia | punjab | Hindustan Times". Hindustan Times. 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "The Dhahan Prize | The Dhahan Prize for Punjabi Literature". dhahanprize.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੱਕਾ : ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਵਨ, ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ". 3 May 2017. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
        "Sirsa again elected Punjabi Sahit Akademi president". Tribuneindia.com. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
        "Punjabi Academy". www.punjabiacademy.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017.
        "JK Cultural Academy". jkculture.nic.in. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016.
        "पंजाबी सीखने वाले छात्रों को अगले माह बटेगा एकल प्रोत्साहन राशि". M.livehindustan.com. 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
        "Welcome to Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture | Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture". pilac.punjab.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017.
        "Microsoft Download Center". microsoft.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Punjabi Linux (punlinux) download | SourceForge.net". sourceforge.net. 21 April 2013. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Connecting to the iTunes Store". itunes.apple.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Google". Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Google ਅਨੁਵਾਦ". Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
        "Cloud ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ ਔਨਲਾਈਨ ਅਜਮਾਓ – Google ਇਨਪੁਟ ਔਜ਼ਾਰ". Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.

wikidata.org

Mangat Rai Bhardwaj (2016). Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-138-79385-9. LCCN 2015042069. OCLC 948602857. OL 35828315M. Wikidata Q23831241.
Major Gurmukh Singh; Shiv Sharma Joshi; Mukhtiar Singh Gill; Manmandar Singh; Kuljit Kapur; Suman Preet, eds. (2018), Punjabi University Punjabi-English Dictionary (ਛੇਵੀਂ ed.), Patiala: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Wikidata Q113676548

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

(/pʌnˈdʒɑːbi/ pun-JAH-bee;^[14] Shahmukhi: پنجابی; Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, Punjabi: [pəɲˈdʒab̆.bi] ^ⓘ^[15])

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mangat Rai Bhardwaj (2016). Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-138-79385-9. LCCN 2015042069. OCLC 948602857. OL 35828315M. Wikidata Q23831241.
Shackle 1979, p. 198. Shackle, Christopher (1979). "Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab". Transactions of the Philological Society. 77 (1): 191–210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x. ISSN 0079-1636.