Pyrosome (English Wikipedia)

Miller, Rebecca R.; Wells, Brian K.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Santora, Jarrod A.; Auth, Toby D.; Sakuma, Keith M.; Field, John C. (December 2019). "Distribution of pelagic thaliaceans, Thetys vagina and Pyrosoma atlanticum, during a period of mass occurrence within the California Current" (PDF). California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report. 60 (1): 142 – via CalCOFI.

catalogueoflife.org (Global: 1,087^th place; English: 2,983^rd place)

"Pyrosomatida". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

deepseanews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Helm, R. R. (2013-08-01). "The 60 foot long jet powered animal you've probably never heard of | Deep Sea News". deepseanews.com. Retrieved 2025-03-12.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350.
Bowlby, Mark R; Bowlby, Mark R.; Widder, Edith A.; Case, James F. (1990-12-01). "Patterns of Stimulated Bioluminescence in Two Pyrosomes (Tunicata: Pyrosomatidae)". The Biological Bulletin. 179 (3): 340––350. doi:10.2307/1542326. JSTOR 1542326. PMID 29314963.
Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350. ISSN 2378-2242.
Piette, Jacques; Lemaire, Patrick (June 2015). "Thaliaceans, The Neglected Pelagic Relatives of Ascidians: A Developmental and Evolutionary Enigma". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 90 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1086/681440. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 26285352.
Lyle, Joanna T; Cowen, Robert K; Sponaugle, Su; Sutherland, Kelly R (2022-03-01). "Fine-scale vertical distribution and diel migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the northern California Current". Journal of Plankton Research. 44 (2): 288–302. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbac006. ISSN 0142-7873.
Mackie, G. O.; Bone, Q. (1978). "Luminescence and Associated Effector Activity in Pyrosoma (Tunicata: Pyrosomida)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 202 (1149): 483–495. Bibcode:1978RSPSB.202..483M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0081. ISSN 0080-4649. JSTOR 77343.
Berger, Alexis; Blackwelder, Patricia; Frank, Tamara; Sutton, Tracey T.; Pruzinsky, Nina M.; Slayden, Natalie; Lopez, Jose V. (2021-02-03). "Microscopic and Genetic Characterization of Bacterial Symbionts With Bioluminescent Potential in Pyrosoma atlanticum". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...806818B. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.606818. ISSN 2296-7745.
van Soest, R.W.M. (1981-01-01). "A monograph of the order Pyrosomatida (Tunicata, Thaliacea)". Journal of Plankton Research. 3 (4): 603–631. doi:10.1093/plankt/3.4.603. ISSN 0142-7873.
Thompson, Anne W; Ward, Anna C; Sweeney, Carey P; Sutherland, Kelly R (2021-12-01). "Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate ( Pyrosoma atlanticum )". ISME Communications. 1 (1). doi:10.1038/s43705-021-00007-1. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 9723572. PMID 36721065.
Lebrato, M.; Jones, D. O. B. (2009). "Mass deposition event of Pyrosoma atlanticum carcasses off Ivory Coast (West Africa)". Limnology and Oceanography. 54 (4): 1197–1209. doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1197. ISSN 1939-5590.
Henschke, Natasha; Pakhomov, Evgeny A.; Kwong, Lian E.; Everett, Jason D.; Laiolo, Leonardo; Coghlan, Amy R.; Suthers, Iain M. (2019). "Large Vertical Migrations of Play an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 124 (5): 1056–1070. doi:10.1029/2018JG004918. hdl:10453/139295. ISSN 2169-8961.
Hirose, Euichi; Ohshima, Chie; Nishikawa, Jun (November 2001). "Tunic cells in pyrosomes (Thaliacea, Urochordata ): cell morphology, distribution, and motility". Invertebrate Biology. 120 (4): 386–393. Bibcode:2001InvBi.120..386H. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00047.x. ISSN 1077-8306.
O'Loughlin, Jessica H.; Bernard, Kim S.; Daly, Elizabeth A.; Zeman, Samantha; Fisher, Jennifer L.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Hurst, Thomas P. (2020-10-01). "Implications of Pyrosoma atlanticum range expansion on phytoplankton standing stocks in the Northern California Current". Progress in Oceanography. 188 102424. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102424. ISSN 0079-6611.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

O'Loughlin, Jessica H.; Bernard, Kim S.; Daly, Elizabeth A.; Zeman, Samantha; Fisher, Jennifer L.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Hurst, Thomas P. (2020-10-01). "Implications of Pyrosoma atlanticum range expansion on phytoplankton standing stocks in the Northern California Current". Progress in Oceanography. 188 102424. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102424. ISSN 0079-6611.

geomar.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pyrosomes - enigmatic marine inhabitants with an important role in the Cabo Verde ecosystem". www.geomar.de. Retrieved 2025-03-27.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Henschke, Natasha; Pakhomov, Evgeny A.; Kwong, Lian E.; Everett, Jason D.; Laiolo, Leonardo; Coghlan, Amy R.; Suthers, Iain M. (2019). "Large Vertical Migrations of Play an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 124 (5): 1056–1070. doi:10.1029/2018JG004918. hdl:10453/139295. ISSN 2169-8961.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350.
Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350. ISSN 2378-2242.
Mackie, G. O.; Bone, Q. (1978). "Luminescence and Associated Effector Activity in Pyrosoma (Tunicata: Pyrosomida)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 202 (1149): 483–495. Bibcode:1978RSPSB.202..483M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0081. ISSN 0080-4649. JSTOR 77343.
Berger, Alexis; Blackwelder, Patricia; Frank, Tamara; Sutton, Tracey T.; Pruzinsky, Nina M.; Slayden, Natalie; Lopez, Jose V. (2021-02-03). "Microscopic and Genetic Characterization of Bacterial Symbionts With Bioluminescent Potential in Pyrosoma atlanticum". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...806818B. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.606818. ISSN 2296-7745.
Hirose, Euichi; Ohshima, Chie; Nishikawa, Jun (November 2001). "Tunic cells in pyrosomes (Thaliacea, Urochordata ): cell morphology, distribution, and motility". Invertebrate Biology. 120 (4): 386–393. Bibcode:2001InvBi.120..386H. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00047.x. ISSN 1077-8306.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Bowlby, Mark R; Bowlby, Mark R.; Widder, Edith A.; Case, James F. (1990-12-01). "Patterns of Stimulated Bioluminescence in Two Pyrosomes (Tunicata: Pyrosomatidae)". The Biological Bulletin. 179 (3): 340––350. doi:10.2307/1542326. JSTOR 1542326. PMID 29314963.
Mackie, G. O.; Bone, Q. (1978). "Luminescence and Associated Effector Activity in Pyrosoma (Tunicata: Pyrosomida)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 202 (1149): 483–495. Bibcode:1978RSPSB.202..483M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0081. ISSN 0080-4649. JSTOR 77343.

marinespecies.org (Global: 973^rd place; English: 894^th place)

WoRMS. "Pyrosoma Péron, 1804". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
WoRMS. "Pyrosomatidae Lahille, 1888". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
WoRMS. "Pyrosomatidae Lahille, 1888". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

Guo, Demi (February 20, 2019). "See the giant 'sea worm' filmed off the coast of New Zealand". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019.
"See the giant 'sea worm' filmed off the coast of New Zealand". National Geographic Society. 2019-02-20. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 2025-03-27.

newser.com (Global: low place; English: 9,574^th place)

"Blob-like intruders infesting pacific coast". 22 June 2017.

newsweek.com (Global: 269^th place; English: 201^st place)

"Newsweek: Mysterious Sea Pickles invading West Coast in bizarre bloom". Newsweek. 22 June 2017.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bowlby, Mark R; Bowlby, Mark R.; Widder, Edith A.; Case, James F. (1990-12-01). "Patterns of Stimulated Bioluminescence in Two Pyrosomes (Tunicata: Pyrosomatidae)". The Biological Bulletin. 179 (3): 340––350. doi:10.2307/1542326. JSTOR 1542326. PMID 29314963.
Piette, Jacques; Lemaire, Patrick (June 2015). "Thaliaceans, The Neglected Pelagic Relatives of Ascidians: A Developmental and Evolutionary Enigma". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 90 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1086/681440. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 26285352.
Thompson, Anne W; Ward, Anna C; Sweeney, Carey P; Sutherland, Kelly R (2021-12-01). "Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate ( Pyrosoma atlanticum )". ISME Communications. 1 (1). doi:10.1038/s43705-021-00007-1. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 9723572. PMID 36721065.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Thompson, Anne W; Ward, Anna C; Sweeney, Carey P; Sutherland, Kelly R (2021-12-01). "Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate ( Pyrosoma atlanticum )". ISME Communications. 1 (1). doi:10.1038/s43705-021-00007-1. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 9723572. PMID 36721065.

noaa.gov (Global: 212^th place; English: 172^nd place)

fisheries.noaa.gov

Fisheries, NOAA (2022-05-10). "Pyrosomes | NOAA Fisheries". NOAA. Retrieved 2025-03-12.

oceanconservancy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Perez, Jennifer (2024-06-14). "The Mysterious World of Pyrosomes". Ocean Conservancy. Retrieved 2025-03-12.

opb.org (Global: 7,911^th place; English: 4,276^th place)

"Massive Bloom Of Pickle-Shaped Sea Creatures Fills The Pacific". Oregon Public Radio. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

academic.oup.com

Lyle, Joanna T; Cowen, Robert K; Sponaugle, Su; Sutherland, Kelly R (2022-03-01). "Fine-scale vertical distribution and diel migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the northern California Current". Journal of Plankton Research. 44 (2): 288–302. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbac006. ISSN 0142-7873.
van Soest, R.W.M. (1981-01-01). "A monograph of the order Pyrosomatida (Tunicata, Thaliacea)". Journal of Plankton Research. 3 (4): 603–631. doi:10.1093/plankt/3.4.603. ISSN 0142-7873.

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

Garber, Megan (August 2, 2013). "12 Reasons Pyrosomes Are My New Favorite Terrifying Sea Creatures". The Atlantic.
Garber, Megan (2013-08-02). "12 Reasons Pyrosomes Are My New Favorite Terrifying Sea Creatures". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2025-04-02.

ualberta.ca (Global: 3,600^th place; English: 2,528^th place)

era.library.ualberta.ca

Archer, Stephanie K.; Kahn, Amanda S.; Leys, Sally P.; Norgard, Tammy; Girard, Fanny; Du Preez, Cherisse; Dunham, Anya (2018-04-01). "Pyrosome consumption by benthic organisms during blooms in the northeast Pacific and Gulf of Mexico". ERA. Retrieved 2025-04-01.

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

journals.uchicago.edu

Piette, Jacques; Lemaire, Patrick (June 2015). "Thaliaceans, The Neglected Pelagic Relatives of Ascidians: A Developmental and Evolutionary Enigma". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 90 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1086/681440. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 26285352.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Guo, Demi (February 20, 2019). "See the giant 'sea worm' filmed off the coast of New Zealand". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019.
"See the giant 'sea worm' filmed off the coast of New Zealand". National Geographic Society. 2019-02-20. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 2025-03-27.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Lebrato, M.; Jones, D. O. B. (2009). "Mass deposition event of Pyrosoma atlanticum carcasses off Ivory Coast (West Africa)". Limnology and Oceanography. 54 (4): 1197–1209. doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1197. ISSN 1939-5590.

agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Henschke, Natasha; Pakhomov, Evgeny A.; Kwong, Lian E.; Everett, Jason D.; Laiolo, Leonardo; Coghlan, Amy R.; Suthers, Iain M. (2019). "Large Vertical Migrations of Play an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 124 (5): 1056–1070. doi:10.1029/2018JG004918. hdl:10453/139295. ISSN 2169-8961.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Hirose, Euichi; Ohshima, Chie; Nishikawa, Jun (November 2001). "Tunic cells in pyrosomes (Thaliacea, Urochordata ): cell morphology, distribution, and motility". Invertebrate Biology. 120 (4): 386–393. Bibcode:2001InvBi.120..386H. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00047.x. ISSN 1077-8306.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350. ISSN 2378-2242.
Piette, Jacques; Lemaire, Patrick (June 2015). "Thaliaceans, The Neglected Pelagic Relatives of Ascidians: A Developmental and Evolutionary Enigma". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 90 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1086/681440. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 26285352.
Lyle, Joanna T; Cowen, Robert K; Sponaugle, Su; Sutherland, Kelly R (2022-03-01). "Fine-scale vertical distribution and diel migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the northern California Current". Journal of Plankton Research. 44 (2): 288–302. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbac006. ISSN 0142-7873.
Mackie, G. O.; Bone, Q. (1978). "Luminescence and Associated Effector Activity in Pyrosoma (Tunicata: Pyrosomida)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 202 (1149): 483–495. Bibcode:1978RSPSB.202..483M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0081. ISSN 0080-4649. JSTOR 77343.
Berger, Alexis; Blackwelder, Patricia; Frank, Tamara; Sutton, Tracey T.; Pruzinsky, Nina M.; Slayden, Natalie; Lopez, Jose V. (2021-02-03). "Microscopic and Genetic Characterization of Bacterial Symbionts With Bioluminescent Potential in Pyrosoma atlanticum". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...806818B. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.606818. ISSN 2296-7745.
van Soest, R.W.M. (1981-01-01). "A monograph of the order Pyrosomatida (Tunicata, Thaliacea)". Journal of Plankton Research. 3 (4): 603–631. doi:10.1093/plankt/3.4.603. ISSN 0142-7873.
Thompson, Anne W; Ward, Anna C; Sweeney, Carey P; Sutherland, Kelly R (2021-12-01). "Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate ( Pyrosoma atlanticum )". ISME Communications. 1 (1). doi:10.1038/s43705-021-00007-1. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 9723572. PMID 36721065.
Lebrato, M.; Jones, D. O. B. (2009). "Mass deposition event of Pyrosoma atlanticum carcasses off Ivory Coast (West Africa)". Limnology and Oceanography. 54 (4): 1197–1209. doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1197. ISSN 1939-5590.
Henschke, Natasha; Pakhomov, Evgeny A.; Kwong, Lian E.; Everett, Jason D.; Laiolo, Leonardo; Coghlan, Amy R.; Suthers, Iain M. (2019). "Large Vertical Migrations of Play an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 124 (5): 1056–1070. doi:10.1029/2018JG004918. hdl:10453/139295. ISSN 2169-8961.
Hirose, Euichi; Ohshima, Chie; Nishikawa, Jun (November 2001). "Tunic cells in pyrosomes (Thaliacea, Urochordata ): cell morphology, distribution, and motility". Invertebrate Biology. 120 (4): 386–393. Bibcode:2001InvBi.120..386H. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00047.x. ISSN 1077-8306.
O'Loughlin, Jessica H.; Bernard, Kim S.; Daly, Elizabeth A.; Zeman, Samantha; Fisher, Jennifer L.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Hurst, Thomas P. (2020-10-01). "Implications of Pyrosoma atlanticum range expansion on phytoplankton standing stocks in the Northern California Current". Progress in Oceanography. 188 102424. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102424. ISSN 0079-6611.

Pyrosome (English Wikipedia)

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catalogueoflife.org (Global: 1,087^th place; English: 2,983^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

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oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

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