Qanat (English Wikipedia)

Lane, Kevin (2017). "Puquios and Aqueducts in the Central Andes of South America". Underground Aqueducts Handbook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press: 465–467.. In Underground Aqueducts Handbook.
Power, Timothy. "Julfar and the Ports of Northern Oman". Academia.

achemenet.com

Michel Wuttmann, "The Qanats of 'Ayn-Manâwîr, Kharga Oasis, Egypt", in Jasr 2001, p. 1 (pdf).

aftabir.com

Ajam, Mohammad. Water clock in Persia 1383. Conference of Qanat in Iran. in Persian

amordadnews.com

water clock in Persia "تارنمای امرداد - سايه‌ي شهرداري نجف‌آباد بر كهن‌ترين "ساعت آبي"‌ شهر". Archived from the original on 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2012-03-13. آAmordad

andeangeology.cl

Lictevout, Elizabeth; Abellanosa, Carlos; Maass, Constanza; Pérez, Nicolás; Gonzalo, Yáñez; Véronique, Leonardi Véronique (2020). "Exploration, mapping and characterization of filtration galleries of the Pica Oasis, northern Chile: A contribution to the knowledge of the Pica aquifer". Andean Geology. 47 (3): 529–558. doi:10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3272.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

Hadden, Robert Lee. 2005. "Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography." US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center.

bart.nl

users.bart.nl

"The quanats of Iran". Bart.nl.

boloji.com

"Article titled Etymological Conduit to the Land of Qanat by Dr. V. Sankaran Nair, 2004". Archived from the original on 2006-06-16. Retrieved 2006-06-25.

books.google.com

"Al Ain". The Report Abu Dhabi 2010. Oxford Business Group. 2010. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-9070-6521-7.

columbia.edu

journals.library.columbia.edu

Bessette, Jonathan; Niblock, Eric (2020-07-20). "Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Revitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of India". Consilience (22): 6–17. doi:10.7916/consilience.vi22.6739. ISSN 1948-3074.

crcnetbase.com

Angelakis, Andreas N; Chiotis, Eustathios; Eslamian, Saeid; Weingartner, Herbert (2017). Underground aqueducts handbook. ISBN 978-1-315-36856-6.

deccanherald.com

"Resurrecting the Karez". Deccan Herald. 2015-12-14. Retrieved 2023-05-22.

doi.org

Goldsmith, Edward (1968). "The qanats of Iran". Scientific American. 218 (4): 94–105. Bibcode:1968SciAm.218d..94W. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0468-94. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14.
Nasiri, F. & Mafakheri, M. S. (2015). "Qanat Water Supply Systems: A Revisit of Sustainability Perspectives". Environmental Systems Research. 4 (13). Bibcode:2015EnvSR...4...13N. doi:10.1186/s40068-015-0039-9.
Bahadori MN (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–54. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144. S2CID 119819386.
Bahadori MN (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–54. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144. S2CID 119819386.
Clavero, Miguel; Qninba, Abdeljebbar; Riesco, María; Esquivias, Javier; Calzada, Javier; Delibes, Miguel (2017). "Moroccan desert rivers: fish on the arid extreme of Mediterranean streams". Fishes in Mediterranean Environments. 2017. doi:10.29094/FiSHMED.2017.003.
Beraaouz, M., Abioui, M., Hssaisoune, M., Martínez-Frías, J. (December 2022). "Khettaras in the Tafilalet oasis (Morocco): contribution to the promotion of tourism and sustainable development". Built Heritage. 6 (1): 24. Bibcode:2022BuHer...6...24B. doi:10.1186/s43238-022-00073-x. ISSN 2096-3041.
Lightfoot, D. R. (May 1996). "Moroccan khettara: Traditional irrigation and progressive desiccation". Geoforum. 27 (2): 261–273. doi:10.1016/0016-7185(96)00008-5. ISSN 0016-7185.
Bessette, Jonathan; Niblock, Eric (2020-07-20). "Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Revitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of India". Consilience (22): 6–17. doi:10.7916/consilience.vi22.6739. ISSN 1948-3074.
Schreiber, Katharina; Lancho Rojas, Josue (1995). "The Puquios of Nasca". Latin American Antiquity. 6 (3): 252–253. doi:10.2307/971674. JSTOR 971674. S2CID 163646495.
Ponce-Vega, L. A. (September 2015). "Puquios, qanats and springs: water managent in ancient Perú". Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo. 12 (3): 279–296. doi:10.22231/asyd.v12i3.240. ISSN 1870-5472.
Lictevout, Elizabeth; Abellanosa, Carlos; Maass, Constanza; Pérez, Nicolás; Gonzalo, Yáñez; Véronique, Leonardi Véronique (2020). "Exploration, mapping and characterization of filtration galleries of the Pica Oasis, northern Chile: A contribution to the knowledge of the Pica aquifer". Andean Geology. 47 (3): 529–558. doi:10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3272.

eartharchitecture.org

"Yakchal: Ancient Refrigerators". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2012-03-31.

edwardgoldsmith.org

Goldsmith, Edward (1968). "The qanats of Iran". Scientific American. 218 (4): 94–105. Bibcode:1968SciAm.218d..94W. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0468-94. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14.

gettyimages.ca

"American Florence (Breed) Khanum (1875–1950)". Getty Images. January 1, 1913. Retrieved November 1, 2017. "Portrait of Persian diplomat Ali Kuli Khan (1879–1966) and his wife, American Florence Khanum (nee Breed, 1875–1950) as they posed next to a carriage in front of the White House, Washington DC, 1913. January 01, 1913

gulfnews.com

"New evidence shows falaj in Al Ain is world's oldest". gulfnews.com. 2003-03-16. Retrieved 2023-08-09.

gwp.org

Nikravesh, Ardakanian and Alemohammad, Institutional Capacity Development of Water Resources Management in Iran: [1] Archived 2016-10-18 at the Wayback Machine

h-da.de

publikationen.h-da.de

Mathias Döring. "Wasser für Gadara – 94 km langer antiker Tunnel im Norden Jordaniens entdeckt" (PDF). Querschnitt. 21: 25–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2012-09-12. p 25, 32

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Goldsmith, Edward (1968). "The qanats of Iran". Scientific American. 218 (4): 94–105. Bibcode:1968SciAm.218d..94W. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0468-94. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14.
Nasiri, F. & Mafakheri, M. S. (2015). "Qanat Water Supply Systems: A Revisit of Sustainability Perspectives". Environmental Systems Research. 4 (13). Bibcode:2015EnvSR...4...13N. doi:10.1186/s40068-015-0039-9.
Bahadori MN (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–54. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144. S2CID 119819386.
Bahadori MN (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–54. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144. S2CID 119819386.
Beraaouz, M., Abioui, M., Hssaisoune, M., Martínez-Frías, J. (December 2022). "Khettaras in the Tafilalet oasis (Morocco): contribution to the promotion of tourism and sustainable development". Built Heritage. 6 (1): 24. Bibcode:2022BuHer...6...24B. doi:10.1186/s43238-022-00073-x. ISSN 2096-3041.

heritageinstitute.com

"Kareez (kariz, karez, qanat)". Heritage Institute.

holy-writings.com

Gail, Marzieh (1991). Arches of the Years. George Ronald Publisher. p. 339. Retrieved November 1, 2017.

icomos.org

"New World Heritage sites 2016 - International Council on Monuments and Sites". www.icomos.org. ICOMOS.

ifpnews.com

"Even Underground Tunnels Used to Get Married in Iran!". IFP News. 2018-07-21. Retrieved 2018-07-22.

iranicaonline.org

Planhol, X. de (2011); "KĀRIZ iv. Origin and Dissemination", in: Encyclopædia Iranica, section: (4) Agricultural uses outside the Iranian lands. Online retrieved 24 November 2015.

jst.go.jp

jstage.jst.go.jp

SYMPOSIUM II RESEARCHES ON "MANBO & QANAT", J-STAGE, 25 December 2008.

jstor.org

Tikriti, Walid Yasin AL (2002). "The south-east Arabian origin of the falaj system". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 32: 117–138. JSTOR 41223728.
Schreiber, Katharina; Lancho Rojas, Josue (1995). "The Puquios of Nasca". Latin American Antiquity. 6 (3): 252–253. doi:10.2307/971674. JSTOR 971674. S2CID 163646495.

mamikon.com

Apostol, Tom M. (2004). "The Tunnel of Samos" (PDF). Engineering and Science (1): 30–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2012-09-14.

mappeonline.com

"An excellent UNESCO article with numerous clear photographs showing the Foggara in Algeria". Archived from the original on 2006-11-29. Retrieved 2006-06-25.

mdpi.com

Lofrane, G. et al. (2013); "Water Collection and Distribution Systems in the Palermo Plain during the Middle Ages", in: Water, vol. 5, nr 4. Online here

mei.edu

"The Necessity of Karez Water Systems in Balochistan". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 2023-10-31.

raschpetzer.lu

Pierre Kayser and Guy Waringo: L'aqueduc souterrain des Raschpëtzer, un monument antique de l'art de l'ingénieur au Luxembourg Archived 2009-03-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2 December 2007.

redalyc.org

Ponce-Vega, L. A. (September 2015). "Puquios, qanats and springs: water managent in ancient Perú". Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo. 12 (3): 279–296. doi:10.22231/asyd.v12i3.240. ISSN 1870-5472.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bahadori MN (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–54. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144. S2CID 119819386.
Bahadori MN (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–54. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0278-144. S2CID 119819386.
Schreiber, Katharina; Lancho Rojas, Josue (1995). "The Puquios of Nasca". Latin American Antiquity. 6 (3): 252–253. doi:10.2307/971674. JSTOR 971674. S2CID 163646495.

thehindu.com

"New 'surang bavi' line found in Bidar". The Hindu. 2016-06-29. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
"A little praise to help commoners take it to the next level". The Hindu. 2021-03-22. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-05-22.

uchicago.edu

isac.uchicago.edu

Olmstead, A. T. (1948). History of the Persian Empire (PDF). The University of Chicago Press. p. 224. ISBN 0-226-62777-2.

ucm.es

(in Spanish) Water supplies in Granada Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine – A good visible qanat can be seen to the west of the church of San Lorenzo, a suburb of Segovia, irrigating what were huertas (market gardens).

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

Executive Summary: the Persian Qanat for inscription on the World Heritage List (PDF) (Report). Teheran, Iran: UNESCO. 2015. p. 20. In Farsi and English 1. Qasebeh Qanat Northern Representative, 2. Qanat of Baladeh Eastern Representative, 3. Qanat of Zarch Central Representative, 4. Hasan Abad-e Moshir Qanat Central Representative, 5. Ebrāhim Ābād Qanat (Markazi Province), Western Representative, 6. Qanat of Vazvān (Esfahan Province) Western Representative, 7. Mozd Ābād Qanat (Esfahan Province) Western Representative, 8. Qanat of the Moon (Esfahan Province), Western Representative, 9. Qanat of Gowhar-riz (Kerman Province) Southern Representative, 10. Jupār – Ghāsem Ābād Qanat (Kerman Province) Southern Representative, 11. Akbar Ābād Qanat (Kerman Province) Southern Representative
The Persian Qanat, 2016, retrieved November 1, 2017 This includes the list of eleven significant qanets in Iran
The Persian Qanat (PDF), 2016, retrieved November 1, 2017The Persian Qanats were placed on the list of tenative World Heritage Sites in 2007
UNESCO:UNESO Karez System Cultural Landscape
UNESCO:Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman, accessed on October 25, 2009

unesco.org

Remmelt Lukkien; Y. Wessels; Reza Ardakamia (14 May 2009). "Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures. Yazd, Iran". www.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07.

portal.unesco.org

UNESCO: Water shortage fueling displacement of people in northern Iraq, UNESCO study finds Archived 2009-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, October 2009, accessed on October 25, 2009

veolia.org

institut.veolia.org

"Water: symbolism and culture". Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2006-06-27.

waterhistory.org

"Qanats" (PDF). Water History.
Wessels, K. (2000), Renovating Qanats in a changing world, a case study in Syria, paper presented to the International Syposuim on Qanats, May 2000, Yazd, Iran, quoted in: WaterHistory.org:Qanats, accessed on October 25, 2009
History from Waterhistory.org
Hansen, Roger D. "Karez (Qanats) of Turpan, China". WaterHistory.org. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

web.archive.org

"Article titled Etymological Conduit to the Land of Qanat by Dr. V. Sankaran Nair, 2004". Archived from the original on 2006-06-16. Retrieved 2006-06-25.
Wilson, Andrew (2008). "Hydraulic Engineering and Water Supply". In Oleson, John Peter (ed.). Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 290–293. ISBN 978-0-19-973485-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-07. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
Goldsmith, Edward (1968). "The qanats of Iran". Scientific American. 218 (4): 94–105. Bibcode:1968SciAm.218d..94W. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0468-94. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14.
Nikravesh, Ardakanian and Alemohammad, Institutional Capacity Development of Water Resources Management in Iran: [1] Archived 2016-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
"Yakchal: Ancient Refrigerators". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
"An excellent UNESCO article with numerous clear photographs showing the Foggara in Algeria". Archived from the original on 2006-11-29. Retrieved 2006-06-25.
"Water: symbolism and culture". Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2006-06-27.
"Karez: Afghanistan's Traditional Irrigation System." The Alternative Development Knowledge Network. link
Remmelt Lukkien; Y. Wessels; Reza Ardakamia (14 May 2009). "Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures. Yazd, Iran". www.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07.
water clock in Persia "تارنمای امرداد - سايه‌ي شهرداري نجف‌آباد بر كهن‌ترين "ساعت آبي"‌ شهر". Archived from the original on 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2012-03-13. آAmordad
UNESCO: Water shortage fueling displacement of people in northern Iraq, UNESCO study finds Archived 2009-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, October 2009, accessed on October 25, 2009
Mathias Döring. "Wasser für Gadara – 94 km langer antiker Tunnel im Norden Jordaniens entdeckt" (PDF). Querschnitt. 21: 25–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2012-09-12. p 25, 32
Apostol, Tom M. (2004). "The Tunnel of Samos" (PDF). Engineering and Science (1): 30–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
Pierre Kayser and Guy Waringo: L'aqueduc souterrain des Raschpëtzer, un monument antique de l'art de l'ingénieur au Luxembourg Archived 2009-03-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
(in Spanish) Water supplies in Granada Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine – A good visible qanat can be seen to the west of the church of San Lorenzo, a suburb of Segovia, irrigating what were huertas (market gardens).
Libyan web site on qanats

wm.edu

glirby.people.wm.edu

Wilson, Andrew (2008). "Hydraulic Engineering and Water Supply". In Oleson, John Peter (ed.). Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 290–293. ISBN 978-0-19-973485-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-07. Retrieved November 1, 2017.

worldcat.org

Beraaouz, M., Abioui, M., Hssaisoune, M., Martínez-Frías, J. (December 2022). "Khettaras in the Tafilalet oasis (Morocco): contribution to the promotion of tourism and sustainable development". Built Heritage. 6 (1): 24. Bibcode:2022BuHer...6...24B. doi:10.1186/s43238-022-00073-x. ISSN 2096-3041.
Lightfoot, D. R. (May 1996). "Moroccan khettara: Traditional irrigation and progressive desiccation". Geoforum. 27 (2): 261–273. doi:10.1016/0016-7185(96)00008-5. ISSN 0016-7185.
"New 'surang bavi' line found in Bidar". The Hindu. 2016-06-29. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
Bessette, Jonathan; Niblock, Eric (2020-07-20). "Water Quality Pilot Study for Traditional Water Structure Revitalization Potential in the Deccan Plateau of India". Consilience (22): 6–17. doi:10.7916/consilience.vi22.6739. ISSN 1948-3074.
"A little praise to help commoners take it to the next level". The Hindu. 2021-03-22. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
Ponce-Vega, L. A. (September 2015). "Puquios, qanats and springs: water managent in ancient Perú". Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo. 12 (3): 279–296. doi:10.22231/asyd.v12i3.240. ISSN 1870-5472.

wsj.com

Michael M. Phillips Learning a Hard History Lesson in 'Talibanistan':To Accommodate New Troops, the U.S. Military Expanded a Base and Inadvertently Disrupted Ancient Afghan Canals, The Wall Street Journal, May 14, 2009