Quanzhou (English Wikipedia)

Duncan, Annie N. (1902). "Chapter II: Chinchew Six Hundred Years Ago". The City of Springs or Mission Work in Chinchew. Edinburgh & London: Oliphant Anderson & Ferrier. p. 17.

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Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 237 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 617 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 238 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 233 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Gibb (1929), p. 8 Ibn Battúta (1929). Gibb, H.A.R.; Eileen Power; E. Denison Ross (eds.). Travels in Asia and Africa. The Broadway Travellers. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Book II, Ch. XI. ISBN 9780415344739. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
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Boxer, Charles Ralph (1953). "South China in the Sixteenth Century: Being the Narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar Da Cruz, O.P. [and] Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550–1575)". Issue 106 of Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society (106). London: Hakluyt Society: 313–326.
Francken, J. J. C.; Grijs, C. F. M. de (1882). Chineesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek van het Emoi dialekt. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij (Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen). pp. V.
Moser, Leo J. (1985). "13 The Seagoing Minnan Peoples: Historic Quanzhou, Marco Polo's "Zaitun"". The Chinese Mosaic: The Peoples and Provinces of China. Westview Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-367-29083-2.
Clark, Hugh R. (2007). "1. Introduction: 3. The Foundations of Chinese Society in Minnan to 800". Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang through the Song. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. pp. 16–33. ISBN 978-962-996-227-2.
Allaire, Gloria (2000). "Zaiton". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9781135590949.
Schottenhammer (2010), p. 145 Schottenhammer, Angela (2010). "Transfer of Xiangyao 香藥 from Iran and Arabia to China: A Reinvestigation of Entries in the Youyang Zazu 酉陽雜俎 (863)". Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea. East Asian Maritime History. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 145. ISBN 9783447061032.
Haw, Stephen G. (2006). Marco Polo's China: a Venetian in the realm of Khubilai Khan. Routledge studies in the early history of Asia. Vol. 3. Psychology Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-415-34850-1.
Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 234 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009) (2009). Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective. Quebec: University of Quebec Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-2-7605-1588-8. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Yang Su 楊素 (544–606), zi Chudao 處道". Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature. Vol. III. Leiden: Brill. 2014. p. 1831. ISBN 9789004271852.
Schottenhammer (2010), p. 117 Schottenhammer, Angela (2010). "Transfer of Xiangyao 香藥 from Iran and Arabia to China: A Reinvestigation of Entries in the Youyang Zazu 酉陽雜俎 (863)". Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea. East Asian Maritime History. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 145. ISBN 9783447061032.
风雨江山三百年：两宋白话史
Von Glahn, Richard (7 March 2016). The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 394. ISBN 9781316538852.
Wade (2015), p. 81.
Ye, Yiliang (2010). "Introductory Essay: Outline of the Political Relations between Oman (Thailand) and China". Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea. East Asian Maritime History. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 5. ISBN 9783447061032.
Pearson, Richard; Li Min; Li Guo (2001). "Port, City, and Hinterlands: Archaeological Perspectives on Quanzhou and its Overseas Trade". The Emporium of the World: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000–1400. Sinica Leidensia. Vol. 49. Brill. p. 192. ISBN 90-04-11773-3. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
Schottenhammer (2010), p. 130 Schottenhammer, Angela (2010). "Transfer of Xiangyao 香藥 from Iran and Arabia to China: A Reinvestigation of Entries in the Youyang Zazu 酉陽雜俎 (863)". Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea. East Asian Maritime History. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 145. ISBN 9783447061032.
Bowman, John (5 September 2000). "China". Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780231500043.
Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 239 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Schottenhammer, Angela (2001). "The Role of Metals and the Impact of the Introduction of Huizi Paper Notes in Quanzhou on the Development of Maritime Trade in the Song Period". The Emporium of the World: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000–1400. Sinica Leidensia. Vol. 49. Brill. pp. 153 ff. ISBN 90-04-11773-3.
Yule & Cordier (1920), p. 235 Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Yule & Cordier (1920). Marco Polo (1903). "Of the City and Great Haven of Zayton". In Yule, Henry (ed.). The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 9780486275871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), annotated by Henri Cordier in 1920, London: John Murray.
Kauz, Ralph (2010). "A Kāzarūnī Network?". Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea. East Asian Maritime History. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 65. ISBN 9783447061032.
Wade (2015), p. 68.
Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor, Michigan) (1976). Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 817. ISBN 9780231038010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
Needham, Joseph (1971). Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 495. ISBN 9780521070607. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.

chinamuseums.com

"Quanzhou Overseas-Relations History Museum". Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2010.

citypopulation.de

"China: Fújiàn (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
"China: Administrative Division of Fújiàn / 福建省". citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2014.

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cnn.com

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Chow, Chung-wah (7 September 2012). Quanzhou: China's Forgotten Historic Port. Atlanta: CNN Travel.

cnn.com

Inocencio, Ramy (6 August 2013). "Could world's tallest building bring China to its knees?". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.

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"Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française | 9e édition | satin". Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française.

doi.org

Goodrich, L. Carrington (1957). "Recent Discoveries at Zayton". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 77 (77): 161–5. doi:10.2307/596349. JSTOR 596349.

fjsq.gov.cn

"乾德年间（963〜968年）". Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2020.

fujian.gov.cn

tjj.fujian.gov.cn

福建省统计局、国家统计局福建调查总队 (August 2021). 《福建统计年鉴－2021》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-9510-7. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

iranicaonline.org

Chen, Da-Sheng. "Chinese-Iranian Relations, VII: Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties". Encyclopedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2010.

jstor.org

Goodrich, L. Carrington (1957). "Recent Discoveries at Zayton". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 77 (77): 161–5. doi:10.2307/596349. JSTOR 596349.

lexico.com

"Satin | Meaning of Satin by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.

luqyu.cn

(in Chinese) Compilation by Lianxin website. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China Archived 25 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine

mnw.cn

"留晓宏："晋江王"留从效后人，面朝开元寺春暖花开". Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2019.

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Garnaut, Anthony (March 2006). "The Islamic Heritage in China: A General Survey". China Heritage Newsletter (5).

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Krishnan, Ananth (19 July 2013). "Behind China's Hindu temples, a Forgotten History". The Hindu.

tiexing.com

"Quanzhou East Railway Station will stop handling passenger services". tiexing.com. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.

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whc.unesco.org

"Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 22 August 2021.

web.archive.org

福建省统计局、国家统计局福建调查总队 (August 2021). 《福建统计年鉴－2021》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-9510-7. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
"Chinchew (Chinchu) (currently known as: Quanzhou)". 1902 Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009) (2009). Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective. Quebec: University of Quebec Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-2-7605-1588-8. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Satin | Meaning of Satin by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
"留晓宏："晋江王"留从效后人，面朝开元寺春暖花开". Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"乾德年间（963〜968年）". Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
Pearson, Richard; Li Min; Li Guo (2001). "Port, City, and Hinterlands: Archaeological Perspectives on Quanzhou and its Overseas Trade". The Emporium of the World: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000–1400. Sinica Leidensia. Vol. 49. Brill. p. 192. ISBN 90-04-11773-3. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
China's Hindu Temples: A Forgotten History. The Hindu. 18 July 2013. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017 – via YouTube.
Inocencio, Ramy (6 August 2013). "Could world's tallest building bring China to its knees?". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
(in Chinese) Compilation by Lianxin website. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China Archived 25 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"China: Administrative Division of Fújiàn / 福建省". citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
"Quanzhou East Railway Station will stop handling passenger services". tiexing.com. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
The Embassy Lounge Archived 15 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine
"Quanzhou Overseas-Relations History Museum". Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor, Michigan) (1976). Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 817. ISBN 9780231038010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
Chen, Da-Sheng. "Chinese-Iranian Relations, VII: Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties". Encyclopedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
Needham, Joseph (1971). Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 495. ISBN 9780521070607. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2015.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

EB (1911). Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Chinchew" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 6 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 231
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Liu 刘, Yingsheng 迎胜 (2008). "Muslim Merchants in Mongol Yuan China". In Schottenhammer, Angela (ed.). The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Commerce and Human Migration. East Asian economic and socio-cultural studies: East Asian maritime history. Vol. 6. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 121. ISBN 9783447058094. ISSN 1860-1812.

youtube.com

China's Hindu Temples: A Forgotten History. The Hindu. 18 July 2013. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017 – via YouTube.