Refrigerant (English Wikipedia)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). "Update on New Refrigerants Designations and Safety Classifications" (PDF). ASHRAE. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
ASHRAE; UNEP (Nov 2022). "Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants" (PDF). ASHRAE. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
"Update on New Refrigerants Designations and Safety Classifications" (PDF). American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). April 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2022.

asrjetsjournal.org

Hmood, K. S.; Pop, H.; Apostol, V.; Ahmed, A. Q. (2017). "Refrigerants Retrofit as Alternative for R12 and R134a in Household Refrigerators". American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences. 35 (1): 251–265. Retrieved 2025-05-28.

autoexpert.com.au

"The truth about new automotive A/C refrigerant R1234YF". 25 July 2018.

books.google.com

Protection, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Environmental (May 14, 1987). "Clean Air Act Amendments of 1987: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Environmental Protection of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session, on S. 300, S. 321, S. 1351, and S. 1384 ..." U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
Fluorinated Hydrocarbons—Advances in Research and Application (2013 ed.). ScholarlyEditions. June 21, 2013. p. 179. ISBN 9781481675703 – via Google Books.
Whitman, Bill; Johnson, Bill; Tomczyk, John; Silberstein, Eugene (February 25, 2008). Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology. Cengage Learning. p. 171. ISBN 978-1111803223 – via Google Books.

brighthubengineering.com

[3] Refrigerant R11 (R-11), Freon 11 (Freon R-11) Properties & Replacement

bsria.com

BSRIA 2020 "BSRIA's view on refrigerant trends in AC and Heat Pump segments". 2020. Retrieved 2022-02-14.

ca.gov

ww2.arb.ca.gov

ARB 2022 "High GWP refrigerants". California Air Resources Board. Retrieved 13 February 2022.

carrier.com

[6] Carrier introduces [R-454B] Puron Advance™ as the next generation refrigerant for ducted residential, light commercial products in North America | Indianapolis - 19 December 2018

coca-colacompany.com

"The Coca-Cola Company Announces Adoption of HFC-Free Insulation in Refrigeration Units to Combat Global Warming". The Coca-Cola Company. 5 June 2006. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2007.

coolingpost.com

"Finally, a replacement for R123?". Cooling Post. 17 October 2013.
"Daikin reveals details of R32 VRV air conditioner". Cooling Post. 6 February 2020.
"Refrigerant blends to challenge hydrocarbon efficiencies". Cooling Post. 22 December 2019.
"Trane adopts new low GWP refrigerant R514A". Cooling Post. 15 June 2016.
"R404A – the alternatives". Cooling Post. 26 February 2014.
"Carrier expands R1234ze chiller range". Cooling Post. 20 May 2020.
"Carrier confirms an HFO refrigerant future". Cooling Post. 5 June 2019.
[10] Trane adopts new low GWP refrigerant R514A | 15 June 2016

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

"42 U.S. Code § 7671g - National recycling and emission reduction program". LII / Legal Information Institute.

corporate-ir.net

phx.corporate-ir.net

"PepsiCo Brings First Climate-Friendly Vending Machines to the U.S." phx.corporate-ir.net. Retrieved 8 June 2015.

doe.gov

eia.doe.gov

"Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1998 - Executive Summary". 18 August 2000. Archived from the original on 18 August 2000.

doi.org

Molina, Mario J.; Rowland, F. S (28 June 1974). "Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine catalysed destruction of ozone" (PDF). Nature. 249: 810–812. doi:10.1038/249810a0. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
National Research Council (1976). Halocarbons: Effects on Stratospheric Ozone. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19978. ISBN 978-0-309-02532-4. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
Maté, John (2001). "Making a Difference: A Case Study of the Greenpeace Ozone Campaign". Review of European Community & International Environmental Law. 10 (2): 190–198. doi:10.1111/1467-9388.00275.
Crowley, Thomas J. (2000). "Causes of Climate Change over the Past 1000 Years". Science. 289 (5477): 270–277. Bibcode:2000Sci...289..270C. doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.270. PMID 10894770.
Yadav et al 2022 Yadav, Saurabh; Liu, Jie; Kim, Sung Chul (2022). "A comprehensive study on 21st-century refrigerants - R290 and R1234yf: A review". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 122: 121947. Bibcode:2022IJHMT.18221947Y. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121947. S2CID 240534198.
Longo, Giovanni A.; Mancin, Simone; Righetti, Giulia; Zilio, Claudio (2015). "HFC32 vaporisation inside a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger (BPHE): Experimental measurements and IR thermography analysis". International Journal of Refrigeration. 57: 77–86. doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.017.
Li, Yalun; Yang, Jialiang; Wu, Xilei; Liu, Ying; Zhuang, Yuan; Zhou, Peixu; Han, Xiaohong; Chen, Guangming (2023-05-01). "Leakage, diffusion and distribution characteristics of refrigerant in a limited space:A comprehensive review". Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 40: 101731. Bibcode:2023TSEP...4001731L. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101731. ISSN 2451-9049.

ecomall.com

"Greenfreeze: A revolution in domestic refrigeration". ecomall.com. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
"Greenfreeze: a Revolution in Domestic Refrigeration". ecomall.com. Retrieved 8 June 2015.

environment.gov.au

"1:Update on Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to the Montreal Protocol". Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2018 (PDF) (Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project–Report No. 58 ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. 2018. p. 1.10. ISBN 978-1-7329317-1-8. Retrieved 22 November 2020.

epa.gov

"Phaseout of Class II Ozone-Depleting Substances". US Environmental Protection Agency. 22 July 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
"Protecting Our Climate by Reducing Use of HFCs". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 8 February 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
"Complying With The Section 608 Refrigerant Recycling Rule | Ozone Layer Protection - Regulatory Programs". Epa.gov. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
"Significant New Alternatives Program: Substitutes in Household Refrigerators and Freezers". Epa.gov. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
"Protecting Our Climate by Reducing Use of HFCs". US Environmental Protection Agency. 8 February 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
"Background on HFCs and the AIM Act". www.usepa.gov. US EPA. March 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
[2] Management of HCFC-123 through the Phaseout and Beyond | EPA | Published August 2020 | Retrieved Dec. 18, 2021
"Frequently Asked Questions on Section 608". Environment Protection Agency. Retrieved 20 December 2013.

eurammon.com

"Company background". Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-03-15.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Scroll Chillers: Conversion from HCFC-22 to HFC-410A and HFC-407C" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-20. Retrieved 2021-03-29.

facilityexecutive.com

[7] Johnson Controls selects R-454B as future refrigerant for new HVAC equipment | 27 May 2021

globenewswire.com

Data, Reports and (7 August 2020). "Natural Refrigerants Market To Reach USD 2.88 Billion By 2027 | Reports and Data". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved 17 December 2020.

gov.uk

"2010 to 2015 government policy: environmental quality". GOV.UK. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

gpo.gov

"Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Hydrocarbon Refrigerants" (PDF). Environment Protection Agency. Retrieved 5 August 2018.

greencarcongress.com

GM to Introduce HFO-1234yf AC Refrigerant in 2013 US Models

greenpeace.de

"Der Greenfreeze - endlich in den USA angekommen". Greenpeace.de (in German). 28 December 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

greenpeace.org

"Discurso de Frank Guggenheim no lançamento do Greenfreeze | Brasil". Greenpeace.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
"GreenFreeze". Greenpeace.

p3-raw.greenpeace.org

"Happy birthday, Greenfreeze!". Greenpeace. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved 8 June 2015.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Crowley, Thomas J. (2000). "Causes of Climate Change over the Past 1000 Years". Science. 289 (5477): 270–277. Bibcode:2000Sci...289..270C. doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.270. PMID 10894770.
Yadav et al 2022 Yadav, Saurabh; Liu, Jie; Kim, Sung Chul (2022). "A comprehensive study on 21st-century refrigerants - R290 and R1234yf: A review". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 122: 121947. Bibcode:2022IJHMT.18221947Y. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121947. S2CID 240534198.
Li, Yalun; Yang, Jialiang; Wu, Xilei; Liu, Ying; Zhuang, Yuan; Zhou, Peixu; Han, Xiaohong; Chen, Guangming (2023-05-01). "Leakage, diffusion and distribution characteristics of refrigerant in a limited space:A comprehensive review". Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 40: 101731. Bibcode:2023TSEP...4001731L. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101731. ISSN 2451-9049.

courses.seas.harvard.edu

Molina, Mario J.; Rowland, F. S (28 June 1974). "Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine catalysed destruction of ozone" (PDF). Nature. 249: 810–812. doi:10.1038/249810a0. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

hydrocarbons21.com

"US hydrocarbons". Retrieved 5 August 2018.

ipcc.ch

Safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate System: issues related to Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbons (Report). IPCC/TEAP. 2005.
IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch7 2021 Forster, Piers; Storelvmo, Trude (2021). "Chapter 7: The Earth's Energy Budget, Climate Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.

loc.gov

webarchive.loc.gov

"Ozone Secretariat". United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015.

magnetmail.net

images.magnetmail.net

[8] A conversation on refrigerants | ASHRAE Journal, March 2021 | page 30, column 1, paragraph 2

nationalacademies.org

nap.nationalacademies.org

National Research Council (1976). Halocarbons: Effects on Stratospheric Ozone. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19978. ISBN 978-0-309-02532-4. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

nationalgeographic.com

Berwald, Juli (29 April 2019). "One overlooked way to fight climate change? Dispose of old CFCs". National Geographic - Environment. Archived from the original on April 29, 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

nbcnewyork.com

"Climate-Friendly Greenfreezers Come to the United States". WNBC. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Crowley, Thomas J. (2000). "Causes of Climate Change over the Past 1000 Years". Science. 289 (5477): 270–277. Bibcode:2000Sci...289..270C. doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.270. PMID 10894770.

noaa.gov

esrl.noaa.gov

Butler J. and Montzka S. (2020). "The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)". NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories.

nytimes.com

Rosenthal, Elisabeth; Lehren, Andrew (20 June 2011). "Relief in Every Window, but Global Worry Too". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2012.

opteon.com

[9] Opteon™ XP30 (R-514A) refrigerant

osti.gov

Koenig, H. (31 December 1995). "R502/R22 - replacement refrigerant R507 in commercial refrigeration; R502/R22 - Ersatzkaeltemittel R507 in der Gewerbekuehlung. Anwendungstechnik - Kaeltemittel".
Linton, J. W.; Snelson, W. K.; Triebe, A. R.; Hearty, P. F. (31 December 1995). "System performance comparison of R-507 with R-502". OSTI 211821.

purdue.edu

docs.lib.purdue.edu

Kontomaris, Konstantinos (2014). "HFO-1336mzz-Z: High Temperature Chemical Stability and Use as A Working Fluid in Organic Rankine Cycles". International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1525

r744.com

Pearson, S. Forbes. "Refrigerants Past, Present and Future" (PDF). R744. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
"Modine reinforces its CO₂ research efforts". R744.com. 28 June 2007. Archived from the original on 10 February 2008.

refrigerantdepot.com

[1] Chemours M099 as R22 Replacement

refrigeranthq.com

[4] R-454B XL41 refrigerant fact & info sheet

regulations.gov

downloads.regulations.gov

Honeywell International, Inc. (2010-07-09). "Comment on EPA Proposed Rule Office of Air and Radiation Proposed Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Listing of Substitutes for Ozone-Depleting Substances – Hydrocarbon Refrigerants" (PDF).

science.org

Crowley, Thomas J. (2000). "Causes of Climate Change over the Past 1000 Years". Science. 289 (5477): 270–277. Bibcode:2000Sci...289..270C. doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.270. PMID 10894770.

sciencedirect.com

Li, Yalun; Yang, Jialiang; Wu, Xilei; Liu, Ying; Zhuang, Yuan; Zhou, Peixu; Han, Xiaohong; Chen, Guangming (2023-05-01). "Leakage, diffusion and distribution characteristics of refrigerant in a limited space:A comprehensive review". Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 40: 101731. Bibcode:2023TSEP...4001731L. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101731. ISSN 2451-9049.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Yadav et al 2022 Yadav, Saurabh; Liu, Jie; Kim, Sung Chul (2022). "A comprehensive study on 21st-century refrigerants - R290 and R1234yf: A review". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 122: 121947. Bibcode:2022IJHMT.18221947Y. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121947. S2CID 240534198.

spiegel.de

Gunkel, Christoph (13 September 2013). "Öko-Coup aus Ostdeutschland". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 4 September 2015.

sylvane.com

"Air Conditioners, Dehumidifiers, and R-410A Refrigerant". Sylvane. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

techtips.ie

"Conversion R12/R134a" (PDF). Behr Hella Service GmbH. 1 October 2005. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

thenationshealth.org

Harris, Catharine. "Anti-inhalant Abuse Campaign Targets Building Codes: 'Huffing’ of Air Conditioning Refrigerant a Dangerous Risk." The Nation's Health. American Public Health Association, 2010. Web. 5 December 2010. https://www.thenationshealth.org/content/39/4/20

unenvironment.org

Environment, U. N. (31 October 2019). "New guidelines for air conditioners and refrigerators set to tackle climate change". UN Environment. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

unep.org

ozone.unep.org

"Ozone Secretariat". United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015.

web.archive.org

Pearson, S. Forbes. "Refrigerants Past, Present and Future" (PDF). R744. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
"Scroll Chillers: Conversion from HCFC-22 to HFC-410A and HFC-407C" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-20. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
"Happy birthday, Greenfreeze!". Greenpeace. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
"Discurso de Frank Guggenheim no lançamento do Greenfreeze | Brasil". Greenpeace.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
"Company background". Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
Berwald, Juli (29 April 2019). "One overlooked way to fight climate change? Dispose of old CFCs". National Geographic - Environment. Archived from the original on April 29, 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
"European Commission on retrofit refrigerants for stationary applications" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
"The Coca-Cola Company Announces Adoption of HFC-Free Insulation in Refrigeration Units to Combat Global Warming". The Coca-Cola Company. 5 June 2006. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
"Modine reinforces its CO₂ research efforts". R744.com. 28 June 2007. Archived from the original on 10 February 2008.
"Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1998 - Executive Summary". 18 August 2000. Archived from the original on 18 August 2000.
"Update on New Refrigerants Designations and Safety Classifications" (PDF). American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). April 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2022.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Li, Yalun; Yang, Jialiang; Wu, Xilei; Liu, Ying; Zhuang, Yuan; Zhou, Peixu; Han, Xiaohong; Chen, Guangming (2023-05-01). "Leakage, diffusion and distribution characteristics of refrigerant in a limited space:A comprehensive review". Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 40: 101731. Bibcode:2023TSEP...4001731L. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2023.101731. ISSN 2451-9049.