Republican Guard (Syria) (English Wikipedia)

Laura Lavinia (18 October 2018). "La última carta de Issam Zahreddine – 14 Milímetros". 14milimetros.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2021.

abna24.com

en.abna24.com

"Russian ground troops destroyed rebels in Aleppo as Syrian Army retakes vital fortification / Video". Masdar News. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.

alarabiya.net

english.alarabiya.net

"Urban warfare: In Aleppo, battles for city blocks". 6 September 2012. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2021.

almasdarnews.com

"Highly decorated general to replace Zahreddine as leader of Republican Guard in Deir Ezzor". Al-Masdar News. 22 October 2017. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
Leith Aboufadel (28 December 2018). "Syrian military names new commander of elite Republican Guard". al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
Leith Fadel (23 November 2016). "Four high-ranking jihadist commanders killed in Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
Paul Antonopoulos (22 January 2017). "New Syrian Arab Army Division established in preparation of new offensive". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
"Republican Guard brigade to join Tiger Forces offensive on Sukhnah: reports". 7 July 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
Leith Fadel. "Republican Guard Arrives in Al-Hasakah City to Forestall ISIS Advance". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
"Syrian Army's progress in Latakia since 2013". 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Chris Tomson (23 February 2016). "Government supply line to Aleppo utterly cut due to blitz offensive by ISIS - Map update". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
"Distinguished Syrian Army brigade leads south Aleppo offensive against Islamist militias". AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Leith Fadel. "Large Convoy of Republican Guard Reinforcements Arrive in Deir Ezzor; General Zahreddine Among the Men". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
"Deir Ezzor: Syrian Army Asserts Control Over the Mountains". Al-Masdar. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
Aboufadel, Leith (7 January 2018). "Breaking: Elite Syrian Army force leaves Deir Ezzor for east Damascus offensive". Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
"Complete battlefield update, map of Syrian War". 13 January 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Aboufadel, Leith (26 December 2014). "Rif Dimashq: The Republican Guard Destroys Another Tunnel in Jobar". Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Aboufadel, Leith (16 November 2017). "Syrian command announces new leader of Republican Guard in east Damascus". Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
"VIDEO: Syrian Army smashes militant-held Damascus district with missiles". 2 April 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Complete Battle Map of Syria: October 2015 Update". 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"VIDEO: Islamist rebels foil Syrian Army assault on besieged suburb in east Damascus". 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Combat footage: Syrian Army reinstates siege of Al-Qaboun district in east Damascus". 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.

mobile.almasdarnews.com

"Exclusive: Over 900 Syrian Marines join elite military shield forces". 23 February 2017.

archive.org

Paul, James (1990). Human rights in Syria. Human Rights Watch. p. 50. ISBN 9780929692692. republican guard.

bellingcat.com

"Fortress T4: An Airbase at War – bellingcat". 29 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Oryx (19 February 2015). "From Russia with Love, Syria's AK-74Ms". bellingcat. Archived from the original on 6 February 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2021.

carnegie-mec.org

"Syria's Troublesome Militias". Carnegie Middle East Center. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.

defense-update.com

Eshel, Tamir (1 March 2017). "Home Grown Syrian Soft Kill System Successfully Defeated TOW Missiles". Defense Update.

defense-watch.com

"Defense Watch". Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.

deirezzor24.net

en.deirezzor24.net

"Two years of siege in Deir Ezzor". en.deirezzor24.net. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.

facebook.com

hi-in.facebook.com

"Facebook में लॉग इन करें". Hi-in.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.

farsnews.com

en.farsnews.com

"Farsnews". en.farsnews.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.

gazeta.ru

"Сколько людей и оружия по обе линии сирийского противостояния". Газета.Ru. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

ABC News. "Government Troops Advance in Syria's Largest City". ABC News. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
"The Latest: White House sees new phase in Syria after Raqqa – ABC News". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.

gov.uk

"New UK sanctions targeting Assad regime for repressing the Syrian people". GOV.UK. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

haaretz.com

"Syrian rebel leader to Haaretz: Assad's opposition will secure chemical weapons". Haaretz. 28 May 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2012.

herzliyaconference.org

Shmuel Bar (2006). "Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview" (PDF). pp. 379, 384. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.

hrw.org

"Appendix 1: Structure and Command of Armed Forces and Intelligence Agencies". Human Rights Watch. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2016.

independent.co.uk

Loveday Morris (22 January 2013). "Assad's Lionesses: the female last line in the battle for Syria". The Independent. Retrieved 21 September 2023.

international-review.org

Gregory Waters (12 May 2020). "Current Syrian Army Deployments". International Review. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

jamestown.org

"November 2015 Briefs – Jamestown". jamestown.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.

janes.com

Tim Ripley. "Syrian Army Prepares For Post-Conflict Challenges" (PDF). Janes.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Ripley, Tim. "Syrian army prepares for post-conflict challenges" (PDF). janes.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.

jerusalemonline.com

"Senior-level Syrian Army official killed in battle | JerusalemOnline". Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2017.

joshualandis.com

"Quwat Dir' Al-Amn Al-Askari: A Latakia Military Intelligence Militia". 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

meforum.org

MEIB (August 2000). "Syria's Praetorian Guards: A Primer". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 2 (7). Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2011.

mei.edu

Gregory Waters. "Syria's Republican Guard: growth and fragmentation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
Gregory Waters (20 November 2019). "Return to the northeast: Syrian Army deployments against Turkish forces". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
Gregory Waters (11 December 2018). "Syria's Republican Guard: growth and fragmentation" (PDF). Middle East Institute. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
Gregory Waters (18 July 2019). "The Lion and The Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
"The Lion and The Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth". Middle East Institute.
Gregory Waters (11 December 2018). "Syria's Republican Guard: Growth and fragmentation". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 8 October 2023.

memri.org

"Russian Experts: The Kremlin Must Tame Damascus And Tehran". MEMRI. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2018.

middleeasteye.net

"Troublesome allies: How the Syrian regime is reintegrating loyalist militias". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

newarab.com

"Arab armies turn to women: An illusion or a new reality?". The New Arab. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2023.

newsweek.com

EDT, Tom O'Connor On 10/18/17 at 2:00 PM (18 October 2017). "One of Assad's closest generals is killed outside the Syrian city he helped free from ISIS". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

npasyria.com

"EU sanctions Assad, senior Syrian officers". NPA Syria. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.

oryxspioenkop.com

Stijn Mitzer, Joost Oliemans (28 February 2017). "Photo Report: The Syrian Arab Army (2)". Oryx Blog. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (24 August 2015). "Sighting of Russian BTR-82A IFV leaves no doubt that Russia is throwing equipment into Syria". Oryx.

pro-justice.org

blacklist.pro-justice.org

"TALAL SHAFIQ MAKHLOUF".

reuters.com

"Syrian army, allies reach airbase besieged by Islamic State in eastern Syria: commander". Reuters. 9 September 2017 – via www.reuters.com.

russiancouncil.ru

Semenov, Kirill. "The Syrian Armed Forces Seven Years into the Conflict: From a Regular Army to Volunteer Corps". russiancouncil.ru. Archived from the original on 5 April 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

sitefinity.cloud

janescom.sitefinity.cloud

"Internal Server Error". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

syrianobserver.com

"Maher al-Assad Visits Frontlines in Idleb". The Syrian Observer. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2021.^{[failed verification]}

telegraph.co.uk

Ensor, Josie (18 October 2017). "Top Syrian general killed by Isil landmine near Deir Ezzor". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.

theguardian.com

Haroon Siddique (17 July 2012). "Guardian live updates". the Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 October 2014.

timripley.co.uk

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

twitter.com

Gregory Waters (31 October 2023). "Ghassan was appointed head of the SRG on Oct 15. Just 6 years ago he was promoted from head of the 1018th Battalion to command the 104th Brigade. June 2020 he left DeZ & took command of the 123rd Brig". Twitter. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
"Brigadier General Hussein Smia (from Kilmakho, #Qardaha_District) as chief of staff of the #Republican_Guard".
Operation to break #ISIS-imposed siege on #DeirEzZor is called "The Prince of Martyrs" in memory of Brigadier General Ali Khuzam
Gregory Waters (15 May 2019). "Col Nizar Mahmoud, commander of the 800th Battalion #Republican_Guard died either in #Hama or #Abu_Dhuhur #Idlib". Twitter. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
Gregory Waters (12 April 2024). "Changes to Syria's special forces this week: Recently appointed Mohamad Saftly moved to command 30th SRG Division. Replaced as head of Special Forces by Suhail Hassan. Suhail replaced as head of 25th Div by former senior Tiger commander, current 30th Div commander Saleh Abdullah". Twitter. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
Gregory Waters (29 June 2022). "Hellcannon of the 1st Company of the Republican Guard's 30th Division, 47th Regiment, 63rd Battalion". Twitter. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
Syrian Republican Guard Brigade 105 with Tigr (Tiger) armored vehicle.
Some vehicles of the Air Force Intelligence's Special Operations Department used by the Tiger Forces: GAZ-39371

understandingwar.org

Holliday, Joseph (March 2013). "The Assad Regime, From Counterinsurgency to Civil War Middle East Security Report 8" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2014.

us.dk

Syria - The Special Forces and the Elite Units

usatoday.com

usatoday30.usatoday.com

"Activists: Syrian rebels clash with elite troops". USA Today. Associated Press. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

washingtonpost.com

"Syrian rebels make new push on Assad's Alawite heartland". Washington Post. Retrieved 24 October 2014.

web.archive.org

"Syrian rebel leader to Haaretz: Assad's opposition will secure chemical weapons". Haaretz. 28 May 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
Tim Ripley. "Syrian Army Prepares For Post-Conflict Challenges" (PDF). Janes.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
"Сколько людей и оружия по обе линии сирийского противостояния". Газета.Ru. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
Holliday, Joseph (March 2013). "The Assad Regime, From Counterinsurgency to Civil War Middle East Security Report 8" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
ABC News. "Government Troops Advance in Syria's Largest City". ABC News. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
"Highly decorated general to replace Zahreddine as leader of Republican Guard in Deir Ezzor". Al-Masdar News. 22 October 2017. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
Ensor, Josie (18 October 2017). "Top Syrian general killed by Isil landmine near Deir Ezzor". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
Leith Aboufadel (28 December 2018). "Syrian military names new commander of elite Republican Guard". al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
Gregory Waters. "Syria's Republican Guard: growth and fragmentation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
"Internal Server Error". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
MEIB (August 2000). "Syria's Praetorian Guards: A Primer". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 2 (7). Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Shmuel Bar (2006). "Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview" (PDF). pp. 379, 384. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
Ripley, Tim. "Syrian army prepares for post-conflict challenges" (PDF). janes.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
"Troublesome allies: How the Syrian regime is reintegrating loyalist militias". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Leith Fadel (23 November 2016). "Four high-ranking jihadist commanders killed in Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
"Syria's Troublesome Militias". Carnegie Middle East Center. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
Semenov, Kirill. "The Syrian Armed Forces Seven Years into the Conflict: From a Regular Army to Volunteer Corps". russiancouncil.ru. Archived from the original on 5 April 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Paul Antonopoulos (22 January 2017). "New Syrian Arab Army Division established in preparation of new offensive". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
Gregory Waters (18 July 2019). "The Lion and The Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
"Republican Guard brigade to join Tiger Forces offensive on Sukhnah: reports". 7 July 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
"Quwat Dir' Al-Amn Al-Askari: A Latakia Military Intelligence Militia". 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
"Activists: Syrian rebels clash with elite troops". USA Today. Associated Press. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
"Appendix 1: Structure and Command of Armed Forces and Intelligence Agencies". Human Rights Watch. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
"Urban warfare: In Aleppo, battles for city blocks". 6 September 2012. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
Leith Fadel. "Republican Guard Arrives in Al-Hasakah City to Forestall ISIS Advance". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
"Syrian Army's progress in Latakia since 2013". 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Facebook में लॉग इन करें". Hi-in.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
Chris Tomson (23 February 2016). "Government supply line to Aleppo utterly cut due to blitz offensive by ISIS - Map update". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
"Distinguished Syrian Army brigade leads south Aleppo offensive against Islamist militias". AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
EDT, Tom O'Connor On 10/18/17 at 2:00 PM (18 October 2017). "One of Assad's closest generals is killed outside the Syrian city he helped free from ISIS". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Leith Fadel. "Large Convoy of Republican Guard Reinforcements Arrive in Deir Ezzor; General Zahreddine Among the Men". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
"Deir Ezzor: Syrian Army Asserts Control Over the Mountains". Al-Masdar. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
"Two years of siege in Deir Ezzor". en.deirezzor24.net. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Aboufadel, Leith (7 January 2018). "Breaking: Elite Syrian Army force leaves Deir Ezzor for east Damascus offensive". Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
"Complete battlefield update, map of Syrian War". 13 January 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Fortress T4: An Airbase at War – bellingcat". 29 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Aboufadel, Leith (26 December 2014). "Rif Dimashq: The Republican Guard Destroys Another Tunnel in Jobar". Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Aboufadel, Leith (16 November 2017). "Syrian command announces new leader of Republican Guard in east Damascus". Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
"VIDEO: Syrian Army smashes militant-held Damascus district with missiles". 2 April 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Complete Battle Map of Syria: October 2015 Update". 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Russian Experts: The Kremlin Must Tame Damascus And Tehran". MEMRI. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
"November 2015 Briefs – Jamestown". jamestown.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Russian ground troops destroyed rebels in Aleppo as Syrian Army retakes vital fortification / Video". Masdar News. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Farsnews". en.farsnews.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"VIDEO: Islamist rebels foil Syrian Army assault on besieged suburb in east Damascus". 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Combat footage: Syrian Army reinstates siege of Al-Qaboun district in east Damascus". 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
"Military commander of Syria's Deir al-Zour operation killed in mine explosion – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
"Senior-level Syrian Army official killed in battle | JerusalemOnline". Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
"The Latest: White House sees new phase in Syria after Raqqa – ABC News". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
Oryx (19 February 2015). "From Russia with Love, Syria's AK-74Ms". bellingcat. Archived from the original on 6 February 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
"Maher al-Assad Visits Frontlines in Idleb". The Syrian Observer. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2021.^{[failed verification]}
Laura Lavinia (18 October 2018). "La última carta de Issam Zahreddine – 14 Milímetros". 14milimetros.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
"Defense Watch". Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.

x.com

ALN54DZ [@Aln54Dz] (30 June 2018). "@IvanSidorenko1 The legacy of Issam Zahreddine. RIP https://t.co/GBTRkpeTDE" (Tweet). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)^{[better source needed]}
Serge [@Zinvor] (25 October 2014). "Col. Suheil Hassan "The Tiger" makes an appearance in Morek after its capture by SAA. He is leading Hama offensive. http://t.co/az8vV7GWFI" (Tweet). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.^{[failed verification]}^{[dead link]}

xinhuanet.com

"Military commander of Syria's Deir al-Zour operation killed in mine explosion – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

zamanalwsl.net

الحرس الجمهوري".. تشكيلات جديدة لتعزيز حماية الأسد منها "اقتحام نسائى" (صور وأسماء)