SOSUS (English Wikipedia)

Goldstein, Jack S (1992). A Different Sort of Time: The Life of Jerrold R. Zacharias. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-262-07138-X. LCCN 91037934. OCLC 1015073870.
Rau, J. G. (August 1974). Measures of Effectiveness Handbook (Report). Irvine, California: Ultrasystems, Inc. pp. B-54 — B55. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
Waterman, Larry Wayne (March 1972). Officer Education and Training in Oceanography for ASW and Other Naval Applications. Naval Postgraduate School. p. 115. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Maskell, Dawn M. (April 12, 2001). The Navy's Best Kept Secret — Is IUSS Becoming a Lost Art? (Thesis). Quantico, Virginia: United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Retrieved February 13, 2020.

atlantic-cable.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Her Majesty's Telegraph Ship, H.M.T.S. Alert, was a British General Post Office cable layer built in 1915.

bahamas.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gerace Research Center". The Islands Of The Bahamas. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

The similarity is seen in the 1962 Bell Telephone System advertisement "How the ocean grew 'ears' to pinpoint missile shots".
Committee on Armed Services (U.S. Senate) (1968). Authorization for Military Procurement, Research and Development, Fiscal Year 1969, and Reserve Strength. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 997. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
"Catalog of Audiovisual Productions — Navy and Marine Corps". Department of Defense. 1984. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services (1963). Military Construction Authorization, Fiscal Year 1964: Hearings ... Eighty-eighth Congress, First Session, on S. 1101 - H.R. 6500, a Bill Authorizing Certain Construction at Military Installations, and for Other Purposes. September 6, 27, 30, October 1, 2, 3, and 7, 1963. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 288–289.
"USNS Flyer". Sealift Magazine. Vol. 17, no. 1. January 1967. p. 19. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
Committee on Armed Services (U.S. Senate) (1978). Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1979. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 4244–4246. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
The Federal Ocean Program (Report). April 1974. p. 100. Retrieved February 23, 2020.

dtic.mil (Global: 934^th place; English: 530^th place)

apps.dtic.mil

The sometimes mentioned Sea Spider "system" was simply a complex and unsuccessful experiment with a very large suspended array in the Pacific. It was part of LRAPP as noted on page 181 of the reference. The experiment was part of the Pacific Acoustic Research Kaneohe — Alaska (PARKA) II experiment in 1969. Parts of Sea Spider ended up off Bermuda, designated Testbed for more experiments until that installation also failed. That array was installed by the unusual cable and installation vessel Naubuc. Details of the Sea Spider platform itself may be found in Project Pacific Sea Spider - Technology Used In Developing a Deep-Ocean Ultrastable Platform.
Report on Security of Overseas Transport. Volume 1. Project Hartwell. (B. A Proposed Sonar Listening System for Long-Range Submarine Detection (PDF) (Report). September 21, 1950. pp. D2–D8. Retrieved March 8, 2026.
Holler, Roger A. (November 5, 2013). "The Evolution Of The Sonobuoy From World War II To The Cold War" (PDF). U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics: 332–333. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
Solomon, Louis P. (April 2011). "Memoir of the Long Range Acoustic Propagation Program" (PDF). U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics. 61 (2): 176–205. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
Di Mento, John Mark (December 2006). "The Ocean Environment and the Third Dimension of Naval Warfare" (PDF). Beyond the Water's Edge: United States National Security & the Ocean Environment (Ph.D. thesis). Medford, M A: Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. pp. 73–74.
Cote, Owen R. Jr. (2003). The Third Battle: Innovation in the U.S. Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines (PDF) (Report). Naval War College. pp. 25–26. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Fenner, Don F.; Cronin, William J. Jr. (1978). Bearing Stake Exercise: Sound Speed and Other Environmental Variability (PDF) (Report). NSTL Station, MS: Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2020.

fas.org (Global: 730^th place; English: 519^th place)

"Commander Undersea Surveillance". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved January 1, 2021.

ijnhonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Weir, Gary E. (August 2006). "he American Sound Surveillance System: Using the Ocean to Hunt Soviet Submarines, 1950-1961" (PDF). International Journal of Naval History. 5 (2). Retrieved February 11, 2020.^{[permanent dead link]}

iusscaa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010". IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
"SOSUS Unclassified Cover Story". IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Kneedler, Robert (Fall 2007). "Recollections On the Successful Implementation of the Portion of Brick Bat 03 - Titled Project Caesar II - Pacific (Part 2 of 2)" (PDF). The Cable. Vol. 9, no. 1. IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. pp. 3–6. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
Weinel, Jim (Summer 2004). "Evolution of SOSUS/IUSS Signal Processing (Part 2 of 2)" (PDF). The Cable. Vol. 7, no. 1. IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Weinel, Jim (Spring 2003). "Evolution of SOSUS/IUSS Signal Processing (Part 1 of 2)" (PDF). The Cable. Vol. 6, no. 1. IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Rule, Bruce (2012). "Faulty Intelligence Nearly "Sank" SOSUS During the Cuban Missile Crisis". IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
Rule, Bruce (June 17, 2015). "The SOSUS System A Personal Perspective of the Early Years". IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
Rule, Bruce (November 13, 2013). "NAVFAC ADAK, Ancient History". IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association. Retrieved February 13, 2020.

lennyflank.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Hampton Roads Naval Museum has a photo of Project Caesar cables].

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lccn.loc.gov

Goldstein, Jack S (1992). A Different Sort of Time: The Life of Jerrold R. Zacharias. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-262-07138-X. LCCN 91037934. OCLC 1015073870.

navy.mil (Global: 206^th place; English: 129^th place)

public.navy.mil

For details on locations, including photographs, see "Past IUSS Sites" Archived 2020-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
Whitman, Edward C. (Winter 2005). "SOSUS The "Secret Weapon" of Undersea Surveillance". Undersea Warfare. Vol. 7, no. 2. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
"Origins of SOSUS". Commander, Undersea Surveillance. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
Commander Undersea Surveillance. "Naval Facility Lewes, August 1955 - September 1981". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Commander Undersea Surveillance. "Naval Facility San Salvador, December 1954 - January 1970". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
"Naval Facility Brawdy April 1974 - October 1995". United States Navy. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.

csp.navy.mil

Commander, Undersea Surveillance. "CAPT Joseph P. Kelly, USN (1914-1988)". U.S. Navy. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

history.navy.mil

Weir, Gary R. (2017). "The Navy, Science, and Professional History". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

navyatcapehenlopen.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

The web page A Century of Service: The U.S. Navy on Cape Henlopen Archived 2021-09-22 at the Wayback Machine has a detailed description with photos and illustrations of this NAVFAC and the cable and array locations. The original phonetic name for the system was GEORGE. The photo of a cross section of the old 21 quad cable is of particular interest.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

pmel.noaa.gov

"SOund SUrveillance System (SOSUS): General Information". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
"PMEL/Vents Ocean Acoustics (Briefing)" (PDF). Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA. August 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Keller, Bill (1985). "Spy Case is Called Threat to Finding Soviet Submarines". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

sofarbda.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hallett, Bruce. "MILS". SOFAR Bermuda. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

staticflickr.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

farm2.staticflickr.com

The Hampton Roads Naval Museum has a photo of Project Caesar cables].

utexas.edu (Global: 868^th place; English: 634^th place)

arlut.utexas.edu

"Ongoing Research at ARL:UT". Arlut.utexas.edu. University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

apl.washington.edu

"Blue Water Acoustic Research at APL-UW". University of Washington. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

For details on locations, including photographs, see "Past IUSS Sites" Archived 2020-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
The web page A Century of Service: The U.S. Navy on Cape Henlopen Archived 2021-09-22 at the Wayback Machine has a detailed description with photos and illustrations of this NAVFAC and the cable and array locations. The original phonetic name for the system was GEORGE. The photo of a cross section of the old 21 quad cable is of particular interest.
Whitman, Edward C. (Winter 2005). "SOSUS The "Secret Weapon" of Undersea Surveillance". Undersea Warfare. Vol. 7, no. 2. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
"Origins of SOSUS". Commander, Undersea Surveillance. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
Holler, Roger A. (November 5, 2013). "The Evolution Of The Sonobuoy From World War II To The Cold War" (PDF). U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics: 332–333. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
Solomon, Louis P. (April 2011). "Memoir of the Long Range Acoustic Propagation Program" (PDF). U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics. 61 (2): 176–205. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
Cote, Owen R. Jr. (2003). The Third Battle: Innovation in the U.S. Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines (PDF) (Report). Naval War College. pp. 25–26. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Commander Undersea Surveillance. "Naval Facility Lewes, August 1955 - September 1981". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
Fenner, Don F.; Cronin, William J. Jr. (1978). Bearing Stake Exercise: Sound Speed and Other Environmental Variability (PDF) (Report). NSTL Station, MS: Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
Commander Undersea Surveillance. "Naval Facility San Salvador, December 1954 - January 1970". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
"Naval Facility Brawdy April 1974 - October 1995". United States Navy. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
"Ongoing Research at ARL:UT". Arlut.utexas.edu. University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

whoi.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,112^th place)

dlaweb.whoi.edu

"The Papers of Colubus O'Donnell Iselin". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. April 2001. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

whoi.edu

Lippsett, Lonny (April 5, 2005). "A Lone Voice Crying in the Watery Wilderness". Oceanus. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Retrieved February 11, 2020.

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Goldstein, Jack S (1992). A Different Sort of Time: The Life of Jerrold R. Zacharias. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-262-07138-X. LCCN 91037934. OCLC 1015073870.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

Watch in the Sea — Project Caesar (Standard AV Production Identification Number: 24458-DN). Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ships. 1960. Retrieved March 23, 2020.

SOSUS (English Wikipedia)

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