al-Kashghari, Mahmud (1074). Compendium of The Turkic Dialects. Part 1. Translated by Dankoff, Robert; Kelly, James Michael. Harvard University Printing Office (published 1982). p. 270 – via Archive.org. sämiz känd meaning "Fat city (balda samina)" is called thus because of its great size; it is, in Persian, Samarqand.
E. Bretschneider (1888). "The Travels of Ch'ang Ch'un to the West, 1220–1223 recorded by his disciple Li Chi Ch'ang". Mediæval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. Barnes & Noble. pp. 37–108. Archived from the original on 2018-04-30. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
E. Bretschneider (1888). "The Travels of Ch'ang Ch'un to the West, 1220–1223 recorded by his disciple Li Chi Ch'ang". Mediæval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. Barnes & Noble. pp. 37–108. Archived from the original on 2018-04-30. Retrieved 2018-04-26.