Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Scandinavia" in English language version.
North Germanic, or Scandinavian, or Norse, peoples, as they are variously called, became a distinctive people...; Spaeth, John Duncan Ernst (1921). Old English Poetry. Princeton University Press.
The main divisions of Germanic are: 1. East Germanic, including the Goths, both Ostrogoths and Visigoths. 2. North Germanic, including the Scandinavians, Danes, Icelanders, Swedes, "Norsemen." 3. West Germanic. The Old English (Anglo-Saxons) belong to this division, of which the continental representatives are the Teutonic peoples, High and Low Franks and Saxons, Alemanni, etc.; Thompson, Stith (1995). Our Heritage of World Literature. Cordon Company. ISBN 978-0809310913. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
The North Germanic, or Scandinavian group, consists of the Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, and Icelanders.; Gordon, Eric Valentine; Taylor, A. R. (1962). An Introduction to Old Norse. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-811105-4. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
Norse was the language spoken by the North Germanic peoples (Scandinavians) from the time when Norse first became differentiated from the speech of the other Germanic peoples; Ränk, Gustav (1976). Old Estonia, The People and Culture. Indiana University. ISBN 9780877501909. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
Contacts are not impossible also with the Northern Germanic peoples, i.e., with the Scandinavians directly across the sea...; Barbour, Stephen; Stevenson, Patrick (1990). Variation in German: A Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521357043. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
For the period when the existence of the Germanic tribes is first clearly recorded by Roman writers, archaeological evidence suggests five tribal groups, with perhaps five incipient distinct Germanic languages, as follows: (1) North Germanic tribes (Scandinavians)...; Diringer, David (1948). The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind. Philosophical Library.
"Old Norse" was spoken by the North Germanic or Scandinavian peoples; Bolling, George Melville; Bloch, Bernard (1968). Language. Linguistic Society of America. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
Northern Germanic peoples, i.e. the Scandinavians...; Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192801340.
North Germanic (Scandinavian) peoples....
The term 'Viking' is derived from the Old Norse vík, a bay, and means 'one who haunts a bay, creek or fjord'. In the 9th and 10th centuries it came to be used more especially of those warriors who left their homes in Scandinavia and made raids on the chief European countries. This is the narrow, and technically the only correct use of the term 'Viking,' but in such expressions as 'Viking civilisation,' 'the Viking Age,' 'the Viking movement,' 'Viking influence,' the word has come to have a wider significance and is used as a concise and convenient term for describing the whole of the civilisation, activity and influence of the Scandinavian peoples, at a particular period in their history…
North Germanic, or Scandinavian, or Norse, peoples, as they are variously called, became a distinctive people...; Spaeth, John Duncan Ernst (1921). Old English Poetry. Princeton University Press.
The main divisions of Germanic are: 1. East Germanic, including the Goths, both Ostrogoths and Visigoths. 2. North Germanic, including the Scandinavians, Danes, Icelanders, Swedes, "Norsemen." 3. West Germanic. The Old English (Anglo-Saxons) belong to this division, of which the continental representatives are the Teutonic peoples, High and Low Franks and Saxons, Alemanni, etc.; Thompson, Stith (1995). Our Heritage of World Literature. Cordon Company. ISBN 978-0809310913. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
The North Germanic, or Scandinavian group, consists of the Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, and Icelanders.; Gordon, Eric Valentine; Taylor, A. R. (1962). An Introduction to Old Norse. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-811105-4. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
Norse was the language spoken by the North Germanic peoples (Scandinavians) from the time when Norse first became differentiated from the speech of the other Germanic peoples; Ränk, Gustav (1976). Old Estonia, The People and Culture. Indiana University. ISBN 9780877501909. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
Contacts are not impossible also with the Northern Germanic peoples, i.e., with the Scandinavians directly across the sea...; Barbour, Stephen; Stevenson, Patrick (1990). Variation in German: A Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521357043. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
For the period when the existence of the Germanic tribes is first clearly recorded by Roman writers, archaeological evidence suggests five tribal groups, with perhaps five incipient distinct Germanic languages, as follows: (1) North Germanic tribes (Scandinavians)...; Diringer, David (1948). The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind. Philosophical Library.
"Old Norse" was spoken by the North Germanic or Scandinavian peoples; Bolling, George Melville; Bloch, Bernard (1968). Language. Linguistic Society of America. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
Northern Germanic peoples, i.e. the Scandinavians...; Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192801340.
North Germanic (Scandinavian) peoples....
The Viking period is, therefore, best defined as the period when Scandinavians played a large role in the British Isles and western Europe as raiders and conquerors. It is also the period in which Scandinavians settled in many of the areas they conquered, and in the Atlantic islands...
Scandinavia, historically Scandia, part of Northern Europe, generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Norway and Sweden, with the addition of Denmark. Some authorities argue for the inclusion of Finland on geologic and economic grounds and of Iceland and the Faroe Islands on the grounds that their inhabitants speak Scandinavian languages related to those of Norway and Sweden and also have similar cultures.
On the basis of Scandinavian loanwords it can be inferred that both sk- and -ʃ- were adopted in the west during the early separate development of the Saami languages, but never spread to Kola Saami. These areal features thus emerged in a phase when Proto-Saami began to diverge into dialects anticipating the modern Saami languages.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway, Sweden—sometimes also considered to include Iceland, the Faeroe Islands, & Finland.
Scandinavia (ancient Scandia), name applied collectively to three countries of northern Europe—Norway, Sweden (which together form the Scandinavian Peninsula) and Denmark.
A large peninsula in north-western Europe, occupied by Norway and Sweden [...] A cultural region consisting of the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and sometimes also of Iceland, Finland, and the Faroe Islands
A large peninsula in north-western Europe, occupied by Norway and Sweden [...] A cultural region consisting of the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and sometimes also of Iceland, Finland, and the Faroe Islands
Scandinavia, historically Scandia, part of Northern Europe, generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Norway and Sweden, with the addition of Denmark. Some authorities argue for the inclusion of Finland on geologic and economic grounds and of Iceland and the Faroe Islands on the grounds that their inhabitants speak Scandinavian languages related to those of Norway and Sweden and also have similar cultures.
On the basis of Scandinavian loanwords it can be inferred that both sk- and -ʃ- were adopted in the west during the early separate development of the Saami languages, but never spread to Kola Saami. These areal features thus emerged in a phase when Proto-Saami began to diverge into dialects anticipating the modern Saami languages.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Scandinavia (ancient Scandia), name applied collectively to three countries of northern Europe—Norway, Sweden (which together form the Scandinavian Peninsula) and Denmark.
Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway, Sweden—sometimes also considered to include Iceland, the Faeroe Islands, & Finland.
North Germanic, or Scandinavian, or Norse, peoples, as they are variously called, became a distinctive people...; Spaeth, John Duncan Ernst (1921). Old English Poetry. Princeton University Press.
The main divisions of Germanic are: 1. East Germanic, including the Goths, both Ostrogoths and Visigoths. 2. North Germanic, including the Scandinavians, Danes, Icelanders, Swedes, "Norsemen." 3. West Germanic. The Old English (Anglo-Saxons) belong to this division, of which the continental representatives are the Teutonic peoples, High and Low Franks and Saxons, Alemanni, etc.; Thompson, Stith (1995). Our Heritage of World Literature. Cordon Company. ISBN 978-0809310913. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
The North Germanic, or Scandinavian group, consists of the Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, and Icelanders.; Gordon, Eric Valentine; Taylor, A. R. (1962). An Introduction to Old Norse. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-811105-4. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
Norse was the language spoken by the North Germanic peoples (Scandinavians) from the time when Norse first became differentiated from the speech of the other Germanic peoples; Ränk, Gustav (1976). Old Estonia, The People and Culture. Indiana University. ISBN 9780877501909. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
Contacts are not impossible also with the Northern Germanic peoples, i.e., with the Scandinavians directly across the sea...; Barbour, Stephen; Stevenson, Patrick (1990). Variation in German: A Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521357043. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
For the period when the existence of the Germanic tribes is first clearly recorded by Roman writers, archaeological evidence suggests five tribal groups, with perhaps five incipient distinct Germanic languages, as follows: (1) North Germanic tribes (Scandinavians)...; Diringer, David (1948). The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind. Philosophical Library.
"Old Norse" was spoken by the North Germanic or Scandinavian peoples; Bolling, George Melville; Bloch, Bernard (1968). Language. Linguistic Society of America. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
Northern Germanic peoples, i.e. the Scandinavians...; Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192801340.
North Germanic (Scandinavian) peoples....
The Viking period is, therefore, best defined as the period when Scandinavians played a large role in the British Isles and western Europe as raiders and conquerors. It is also the period in which Scandinavians settled in many of the areas they conquered, and in the Atlantic islands...