Sea spider (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Sea spider" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

60doi.org

2^nd place

49worldcat.org

5^th place

45nih.gov

4^th place

35harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

7semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

7oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

6marinespecies.org

973^rd place

894^th place

6wiley.com

222^nd place

297^th place

5springer.com

274^th place

309^th place

4elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

4academia.edu

121^st place

142^nd place

3merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

3nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

3sciencedirect.com

149^th place

178^th place

3cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

2wiktionary.org

649^th place

827^th place

2web.archive.org

1^st place

2tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

1thefreedictionary.com

614^th place

572^nd place

1antarctica.gov.au

low place

1annualreviews.org

3,867^th place

3,957^th place

1bioone.org

3,430^th place

3,114^th place

1biologists.com

low place

1deepseanews.blogspot.com

low place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1scienceblogs.com

8,518^th place

7,193^rd place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

academia.edu

Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017). "Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata". Arthropod Structure & Development. 46 (3): 395–418. Bibcode:2017ArtSD..46..395D. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27240897.
Hassanin, Alexandre (2010-01-01). "Studying Sources of Incongruence In Arthropod Molecular Phylogenies: Sea Spiders (Pycnogonida) As a Case Study". Comptes Rendus Biologies.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.

annualreviews.org

Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). "Arthropod Origins: Integrating Paleontological and Molecular Evidence". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X.

antarctica.gov.au

"Sea spiders provide insights into Antarctic evolution" (Press release). Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Antarctic Division. 22 July 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

archive.org

Margulis, Lynn; Schwartz, Karlene (1998). Five Kingdoms, An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (third ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-3027-9.^{[page needed]}

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Fossil sea spiders thrill experts". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 August 2007. Retrieved 3 Nov 2024.

biologists.com

journals.biologists.com

Lane, Steven J.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-01-01). "Cuticular gas exchange by Antarctic sea spiders". Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 (8): jeb177568. doi:10.1242/jeb.177568. ISSN 1477-9145.

bioone.org

Miether, Sebastian T.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2016). "Lateral eye evolution in the arachnids". Arachnology. 17 (2): 103–119. doi:10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.103. ISSN 2050-9928.

cambridge.org

Yamada, Katsumasa; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Kanaya, Gen; Miyama, Yoshifumi; Yoshinaga, Tomoyoshi; Wakui, Kunihiro; Tamaoki, Masanori; Toba, Mitsuharu (June 2018). "Impact of sea spider parasitism on host clams: susceptibility and intensity-dependent mortality". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 98 (4): 735–742. Bibcode:2018JMBUK..98..735Y. doi:10.1017/S0025315417000200. ISSN 0025-3154.
Schiaparelli, Stefano; Oliverio, Marco; Taviani, Marco; Griffiths, Huw; Lörz, Anne-Nina; Albertelli, Giancarlo (2008). "Short Note: Circumpolar distribution of the pycnogonid-ectoparasitic gastropod". Antarctic Science. 20 (5): 497–498. doi:10.1017/S0954102008001302. ISSN 1365-2079.
Kühl, Gabriele; Poschmann, Markus; Rust, Jes (2013). "A ten-legged sea spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate (Germany)". Geological Magazine. 150 (3): 556–564. Bibcode:2013GeoM..150..556K. doi:10.1017/S0016756812001033. ISSN 0016-7568.

deepseanews.blogspot.com

McClain, Craig (August 14, 2006). "Sea Spiders". Deep Sea News Info. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007.

doi.org

Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2001). "Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology". Nature. 413 (6852): 157–161. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..157G. doi:10.1038/35093097. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11557979.
Maxmen, Amy; Browne, William E.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2005). "Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the protocerebral segment". Nature. 437 (7062): 1144–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1144M. doi:10.1038/nature03984. PMID 16237442. S2CID 4400419.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592 – R602. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R592G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983.
Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). "Arthropod Origins: Integrating Paleontological and Molecular Evidence". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017). "Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata". Arthropod Structure & Development. 46 (3): 395–418. Bibcode:2017ArtSD..46..395D. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27240897.
Vilpoux, Kathia; Waloszek, Dieter (2003-12-01). "Larval development and morphogenesis of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762) and the tagmosis of the body of Pantopoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. 32 (4): 349–383. Bibcode:2003ArtSD..32..349V. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2003.09.004. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 18089018.
Crooker, Allen (2008). "Sea Spiders (Pycnogonida)". In Capinera, John L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Dordrecht, NL: Springer Netherlands. pp. 3321–3335. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4098. ISBN 978-1-4020-6359-6.
Arango, Claudia P.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2007). "Phylogeny of the sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) based on direct optimization of six loci and morphology". Cladistics. 23 (3): 255–293. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00143.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34905863.
Wagner, Philipp; Dömel, Jana S.; Hofmann, Michaela; Hübner, Jeremy; Leese, Florian; Melzer, Roland R. (2017-03-01). "Comparative study of bisected proboscides of Pycnogonida". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 17 (1): 121–135. Bibcode:2017ODivE..17..121W. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0310-6. ISSN 1618-1077.
Miether, Sebastian T.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2016). "Lateral eye evolution in the arachnids". Arachnology. 17 (2): 103–119. doi:10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.103. ISSN 2050-9928.
Bain, Bonnie A.; Govedich, Fredric R. (2004). "Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogonida): a summary". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 46 (1): 63–79. Bibcode:2004InvRD..46...63B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2004.9652607. ISSN 0792-4259.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J. (2004). "A Silurian sea spider". Nature. 431 (7011): 978–980. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..978S. doi:10.1038/nature02928. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15496921.
Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; López-González, Pablo J. (2016-12-15). "Basal articulation of the palps and ovigers in Antarctic Colossendeis (Pycnogonida; Colossendeidae)". Helgoland Marine Research. 70 (1): 22. doi:10.1186/s10152-016-0474-7. ISSN 1438-3888.
Sabroux, Romain; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Pisani, Davide; Garwood, Russell J. (2023). "New insights into the sea spider fauna (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France (Jurassic, Callovian)". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (4): e1515. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1515S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1515. ISSN 2056-2802.
Dietz, Lars; Dömel, Jana S.; Leese, Florian; Lehmann, Tobias; Melzer, Roland R. (2018-03-15). "Feeding ecology in sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida): what do we know?". Frontiers in Zoology. 15 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s12983-018-0250-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5856303. PMID 29568315.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Setton, Emily V W; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Arango, Claudia P; Brenneis, Georg; Brix, Saskia; Corbett, Kevin F; Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; Dandouch, Merai; Dilly, Geoffrey F; Eleaume, Marc P; Gainett, Guilherme; Gallut, Cyril; McAtee, Sean; McIntyre, Lauren (2021-01-23). Crandall, Keith (ed.). "Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (2): 686–701. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa228. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 7826184. PMID 32915961.
Sabroux, Romain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2023-05-01). "Phylogeny of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) inferred from mitochondrial genome and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 182: 107726. Bibcode:2023MolPE.18207726S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107726. ISSN 1055-7903.
Shultz, Jeffrey W. (1989). "Morphology of locomotor appendages in Arachnida: evolutionary trends and phylogenetic implications". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 97 (1): 1–55. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1989.tb00552.x.
Manuel, Michaël; Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Guyader, Hervé Le (2006-07-01). "Hox genes in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) and the homology of arthropod head segments". Development Genes and Evolution. 216 (7): 481–491. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0095-2. ISSN 1432-041X. PMID 16820954.
Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Deutsch, Jean; Guyader, Hervé Le; Manuel, Michaël (2006). "Homology of arthropod anterior appendages revealed by Hox gene expression in a sea spider". Nature. 441 (7092): 506–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..506J. doi:10.1038/nature04591. PMID 16724066. S2CID 4307398.
Brenneis, Georg; Scholtz, Gerhard (2014-04-15). "The 'Ventral Organs' of Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) Are Neurogenic Niches of Late Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Nervous System Development". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e95435. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995435B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095435. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3988247. PMID 24736377.
Brenneis, Georg; Bogomolova, Ekaterina V.; Arango, Claudia P.; Krapp, Franz (2017-02-07). "From egg to "no-body": an overview and revision of developmental pathways in the ancient arthropod lineage Pycnogonida". Frontiers in Zoology. 14 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/s12983-017-0192-2. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5297176. PMID 28191025.
Poschmann, Markus; Dunlop, Jason A. (2006). "A New Sea Spider (arthropoda: Pycnogonida) with a Flagelliform telson from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 983–989. Bibcode:2006Palgy..49..983P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00583.x. ISSN 1475-4983.
Frankowski, Karina; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Brenneis, Georg (2022-03-31). "A microCT-based atlas of the central nervous system and midgut in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) sheds first light on evolutionary trends at the family level". Frontiers in Zoology. 19 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s12983-022-00459-8. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 8973786. PMID 35361245.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta (2023-09-01). "Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 76: 101295. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7601295A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 37722770.
Lane, Steven J.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-01-01). "Cuticular gas exchange by Antarctic sea spiders". Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 (8): jeb177568. doi:10.1242/jeb.177568. ISSN 1477-9145.
Woods, H. Arthur; Lane, Steven J.; Shishido, Caitlin; Tobalske, Bret W.; Arango, Claudia P.; Moran, Amy L. (2017-07-10). "Respiratory gut peristalsis by sea spiders". Current Biology. 27 (13): R638 – R639. Bibcode:2017CBio...27.R638W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28697358. S2CID 35014992.
Bastide, A.; Peretti, D.; Knight, J. R.; Grosso, S.; Spriggs, R. V.; Pichon, X.; Sbarrato, T.; Roobol, A.; Roobol, J.; Vito, D.; Bushell, M.; von Der Haar, T.; Smales, C. M.; Mallucci, G. R.; Willis, A. E. (2017). "RTN3 is a Novel Cold-Induced Protein and Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of RBM3". Current Biology. 27 (5): 638–650. Bibcode:2017CBio...27..638B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.047. PMC 5344685. PMID 28238655.
Brenneis, Georg; Ungerer, Petra; Scholtz, Gerhard (2008-10-27). "The chelifores of sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) are the appendages of the deutocerebral segment: Chelifores of sea spiders". Evolution & Development. 10 (6): 717–724. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00285.x. PMID 19021742. S2CID 6048195.
Maxmen, Amy; Browne, William E.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2005). "Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the protocerebral segment". Nature. 437: 1144–1148. doi:10.1038/nature03984.
Alexeevna, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta; Shunatova, Natalia (2018). "Postembryonic development of pycnogonids: A deeper look inside". Arthropod Structure & Development. 47 (3): 299–317. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.03.002.
Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Yamada, Katsumasa; Tamaoki, Masanori (2015-07-01). "18S Analysis of the Taxonomic Position of an Endoparasitic Pycnogonid, Nymphonella Tapetis (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Ascorhynchidae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35 (4): 491–494. Bibcode:2015JCBio..35..491T. doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002348. ISSN 0278-0372.
Yamada, Katsumasa; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Kanaya, Gen; Miyama, Yoshifumi; Yoshinaga, Tomoyoshi; Wakui, Kunihiro; Tamaoki, Masanori; Toba, Mitsuharu (June 2018). "Impact of sea spider parasitism on host clams: susceptibility and intensity-dependent mortality". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 98 (4): 735–742. Bibcode:2018JMBUK..98..735Y. doi:10.1017/S0025315417000200. ISSN 0025-3154.
Brenneis, Georg; Frankowski, Karina; Maaß, Laura; Scholtz, Gerhard (2023-01-31). "The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (5): e2217272120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12017272B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2217272120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9946000. PMID 36689663.
Petrova, Maria; Bogomolova, Ekaterina (2023-11-01). "Walking leg regeneration in the sea spider Nymphon brevirostre Hodge, 1863 (Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 77: 101310. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7701310P. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101310. ISSN 1467-8039.
Tomaschko, K-H (1994-07-01). "Ecdysteroids fromPycnogonum litorale (Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as chemical defense againstCarcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20 (7): 1445–1455. Bibcode:1994JCEco..20.1445T. doi:10.1007/BF02059872. ISSN 1573-1561. PMID 24242643.
Lehmann, Tobias; Gailer, Juan P.; Melzer, Roland R.; Schwabe, Enrico (2007-01-01). "A scanning-electron microscopic study of Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990) (Gastropoda, Littorinoidea) on Colossendeis megalonyx megalonyx Fry and Hedgpeth, 1969 (Pycnogonida, Colossendeidae): a test for ectoparasitism". Polar Biology. 30 (2): 243–248. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0178-6. ISSN 1432-2056.
Schiaparelli, Stefano; Oliverio, Marco; Taviani, Marco; Griffiths, Huw; Lörz, Anne-Nina; Albertelli, Giancarlo (2008). "Short Note: Circumpolar distribution of the pycnogonid-ectoparasitic gastropod". Antarctic Science. 20 (5): 497–498. doi:10.1017/S0954102008001302. ISSN 1365-2079.
Lane, Steven J.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-08-01). "Costs of epibionts on Antarctic sea spiders". Marine Biology. 165 (8): 137. Bibcode:2018MarBi.165..137L. doi:10.1007/s00227-018-3389-9. ISSN 1432-1793.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta; Shunatova, Natalia (2018-05-01). "Postembryonic development of pycnogonids: A deeper look inside". Arthropod Structure & Development. 47 (3): 299–317. Bibcode:2018ArtSD..47..299A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.03.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 29524544.
Liu, Yu; Melzer, Roland R.; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Hörnig, Marie K.; He, Yu-yang; Hou, Xian-guang (2016-05-17). "Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (20): 5542–5546. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.5542L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522899113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4878483. PMID 27140601.
Bain, B. A. (2003). "Larval types and a summary of postembryonic development within the pycnogonids". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 43 (3): 193–222. Bibcode:2003InvRD..43..193B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2003.9652540. S2CID 84345599.
Dunlop, J. A.; Arango, C. P. (2005). "Pycnogonid affinities: A review". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 43: 8–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.714.8297. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00284.x.
Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-08-08). "A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation". Current Biology. 32 (15): 3302–3316.e2. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3302M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 35809569.
Regier, Jerome C.; Shultz, Jeffrey W.; Zwick, Andreas; Hussey, April; Ball, Bernard; Wetzer, Regina; Martin, Joel W.; Cunningham, Clifford W. (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079–83. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1079R. doi:10.1038/nature08742. PMID 20147900. S2CID 4427443.
Sharma, Prashant P.; Kaluziak, Stefan T.; Pérez-Porro, Alicia R.; González, Vanessa L.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Wheeler, Ward C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (November 2014). "Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic Signal". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (11): 2963–2984. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu235. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 25107551.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Sharma, Prashant P (2019-11-01). Halanych, Ken (ed.). "A Critical Appraisal of the Placement of Xiphosura (Chelicerata) with Account of Known Sources of Phylogenetic Error". Systematic Biology. 68 (6): 896–917. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz011. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 30917194.
Ballesteros, Jesús A.; Santibáñez López, Carlos E.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Sharma, Prashant P. (2019-12-18). "Ordered phylogenomic subsampling enables diagnosis of systematic errors in the placement of the enigmatic arachnid order Palpigradi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1917): 20192426. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2426. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6939912. PMID 31847768.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Baker, Caitlin M; Benavides, Ligia R; Cunha, Tauana J; Gainett, Guilherme; Ontano, Andrew Z; Setton, Emily V W; Arango, Claudia P; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S; Wheeler, Ward C; Hormiga, Gustavo; Giribet, Gonzalo; Sharma, Prashant P (2022-02-03). Teeling, Emma (ed.). "Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (2): msac021. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac021. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 8845124. PMID 35137183.
Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2019). "A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills". Nature. 573 (7775): 586–589. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..586A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1525-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31511691.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Kühl, Gabriele; Poschmann, Markus; Rust, Jes (2013). "A ten-legged sea spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate (Germany)". Geological Magazine. 150 (3): 556–564. Bibcode:2013GeoM..150..556K. doi:10.1017/S0016756812001033. ISSN 0016-7568.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sabroux, Romain; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2023). "Newly discovered morphology of the Silurian sea spider Haliestes and its implications". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (5). Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1528S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1528. hdl:1983/267d44cb-bd22-4a1d-9d00-b3916c453784. ISSN 2056-2799.
Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Waloszek, Dieter; Dunlop, Jason A. (2002). "A Larval Sea Spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian 'orsten' of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of Pycnogonids". Palaeontology. 45 (3): 421–446. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45..421W. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00244. ISSN 1475-4983.
Rudkin, Dave; Cuggy, Michael B.; Young, Graham A.; Thompson, Deborah P. (2013). "An Ordovician pycnogonid (sea spider) with serially subdivided 'head' region". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (3): 395–405. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..395R. doi:10.1666/12-057.1. S2CID 83924778. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Charbonnier, S; Vannier, J; Riou, B (2007-08-14). "New sea spiders from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1625): 2555–2561. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0848. PMC 2275891. PMID 17698484.
Sabroux, Romain; Audo, Denis; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2019-11-17). "150-million-year-old sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda) of Solnhofen". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (22): 1927–1938. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1927S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1571534. ISSN 1477-2019.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592 – R602. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R592G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta (2023-09-01). "Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 76: 101295. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7601295A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 37722770.
Petrova, Maria; Bogomolova, Ekaterina (2023-11-01). "Walking leg regeneration in the sea spider Nymphon brevirostre Hodge, 1863 (Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 77: 101310. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7701310P. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101310. ISSN 1467-8039.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta; Shunatova, Natalia (2018-05-01). "Postembryonic development of pycnogonids: A deeper look inside". Arthropod Structure & Development. 47 (3): 299–317. Bibcode:2018ArtSD..47..299A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.03.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 29524544.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Siveter, Derek J.; Sabroux, Romain; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2023). "Newly discovered morphology of the Silurian sea spider Haliestes and its implications". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (5). Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1528S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1528. hdl:1983/267d44cb-bd22-4a1d-9d00-b3916c453784. ISSN 2056-2799.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2001). "Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology". Nature. 413 (6852): 157–161. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..157G. doi:10.1038/35093097. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11557979.
Maxmen, Amy; Browne, William E.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2005). "Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the protocerebral segment". Nature. 437 (7062): 1144–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1144M. doi:10.1038/nature03984. PMID 16237442. S2CID 4400419.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592 – R602. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R592G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017). "Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata". Arthropod Structure & Development. 46 (3): 395–418. Bibcode:2017ArtSD..46..395D. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27240897.
Vilpoux, Kathia; Waloszek, Dieter (2003-12-01). "Larval development and morphogenesis of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762) and the tagmosis of the body of Pantopoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. 32 (4): 349–383. Bibcode:2003ArtSD..32..349V. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2003.09.004. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 18089018.
Wagner, Philipp; Dömel, Jana S.; Hofmann, Michaela; Hübner, Jeremy; Leese, Florian; Melzer, Roland R. (2017-03-01). "Comparative study of bisected proboscides of Pycnogonida". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 17 (1): 121–135. Bibcode:2017ODivE..17..121W. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0310-6. ISSN 1618-1077.
Bain, Bonnie A.; Govedich, Fredric R. (2004). "Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogonida): a summary". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 46 (1): 63–79. Bibcode:2004InvRD..46...63B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2004.9652607. ISSN 0792-4259.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J. (2004). "A Silurian sea spider". Nature. 431 (7011): 978–980. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..978S. doi:10.1038/nature02928. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15496921.
Sabroux, Romain; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Pisani, Davide; Garwood, Russell J. (2023). "New insights into the sea spider fauna (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France (Jurassic, Callovian)". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (4): e1515. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1515S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1515. ISSN 2056-2802.
Sabroux, Romain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2023-05-01). "Phylogeny of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) inferred from mitochondrial genome and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 182: 107726. Bibcode:2023MolPE.18207726S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107726. ISSN 1055-7903.
Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Deutsch, Jean; Guyader, Hervé Le; Manuel, Michaël (2006). "Homology of arthropod anterior appendages revealed by Hox gene expression in a sea spider". Nature. 441 (7092): 506–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..506J. doi:10.1038/nature04591. PMID 16724066. S2CID 4307398.
Brenneis, Georg; Scholtz, Gerhard (2014-04-15). "The 'Ventral Organs' of Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) Are Neurogenic Niches of Late Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Nervous System Development". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e95435. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995435B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095435. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3988247. PMID 24736377.
Poschmann, Markus; Dunlop, Jason A. (2006). "A New Sea Spider (arthropoda: Pycnogonida) with a Flagelliform telson from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 983–989. Bibcode:2006Palgy..49..983P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00583.x. ISSN 1475-4983.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta (2023-09-01). "Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 76: 101295. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7601295A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 37722770.
Woods, H. Arthur; Lane, Steven J.; Shishido, Caitlin; Tobalske, Bret W.; Arango, Claudia P.; Moran, Amy L. (2017-07-10). "Respiratory gut peristalsis by sea spiders". Current Biology. 27 (13): R638 – R639. Bibcode:2017CBio...27.R638W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28697358. S2CID 35014992.
Bastide, A.; Peretti, D.; Knight, J. R.; Grosso, S.; Spriggs, R. V.; Pichon, X.; Sbarrato, T.; Roobol, A.; Roobol, J.; Vito, D.; Bushell, M.; von Der Haar, T.; Smales, C. M.; Mallucci, G. R.; Willis, A. E. (2017). "RTN3 is a Novel Cold-Induced Protein and Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of RBM3". Current Biology. 27 (5): 638–650. Bibcode:2017CBio...27..638B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.047. PMC 5344685. PMID 28238655.
Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Yamada, Katsumasa; Tamaoki, Masanori (2015-07-01). "18S Analysis of the Taxonomic Position of an Endoparasitic Pycnogonid, Nymphonella Tapetis (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Ascorhynchidae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35 (4): 491–494. Bibcode:2015JCBio..35..491T. doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002348. ISSN 0278-0372.
Yamada, Katsumasa; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Kanaya, Gen; Miyama, Yoshifumi; Yoshinaga, Tomoyoshi; Wakui, Kunihiro; Tamaoki, Masanori; Toba, Mitsuharu (June 2018). "Impact of sea spider parasitism on host clams: susceptibility and intensity-dependent mortality". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 98 (4): 735–742. Bibcode:2018JMBUK..98..735Y. doi:10.1017/S0025315417000200. ISSN 0025-3154.
Brenneis, Georg; Frankowski, Karina; Maaß, Laura; Scholtz, Gerhard (2023-01-31). "The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (5): e2217272120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12017272B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2217272120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9946000. PMID 36689663.
Petrova, Maria; Bogomolova, Ekaterina (2023-11-01). "Walking leg regeneration in the sea spider Nymphon brevirostre Hodge, 1863 (Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 77: 101310. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7701310P. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101310. ISSN 1467-8039.
Tomaschko, K-H (1994-07-01). "Ecdysteroids fromPycnogonum litorale (Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as chemical defense againstCarcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20 (7): 1445–1455. Bibcode:1994JCEco..20.1445T. doi:10.1007/BF02059872. ISSN 1573-1561. PMID 24242643.
Lane, Steven J.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-08-01). "Costs of epibionts on Antarctic sea spiders". Marine Biology. 165 (8): 137. Bibcode:2018MarBi.165..137L. doi:10.1007/s00227-018-3389-9. ISSN 1432-1793.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta; Shunatova, Natalia (2018-05-01). "Postembryonic development of pycnogonids: A deeper look inside". Arthropod Structure & Development. 47 (3): 299–317. Bibcode:2018ArtSD..47..299A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.03.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 29524544.
Liu, Yu; Melzer, Roland R.; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Hörnig, Marie K.; He, Yu-yang; Hou, Xian-guang (2016-05-17). "Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (20): 5542–5546. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.5542L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522899113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4878483. PMID 27140601.
Bain, B. A. (2003). "Larval types and a summary of postembryonic development within the pycnogonids". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 43 (3): 193–222. Bibcode:2003InvRD..43..193B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2003.9652540. S2CID 84345599.
Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-08-08). "A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation". Current Biology. 32 (15): 3302–3316.e2. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3302M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 35809569.
Regier, Jerome C.; Shultz, Jeffrey W.; Zwick, Andreas; Hussey, April; Ball, Bernard; Wetzer, Regina; Martin, Joel W.; Cunningham, Clifford W. (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079–83. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1079R. doi:10.1038/nature08742. PMID 20147900. S2CID 4427443.
Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2019). "A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills". Nature. 573 (7775): 586–589. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..586A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1525-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31511691.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Kühl, Gabriele; Poschmann, Markus; Rust, Jes (2013). "A ten-legged sea spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate (Germany)". Geological Magazine. 150 (3): 556–564. Bibcode:2013GeoM..150..556K. doi:10.1017/S0016756812001033. ISSN 0016-7568.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sabroux, Romain; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2023). "Newly discovered morphology of the Silurian sea spider Haliestes and its implications". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (5). Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1528S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1528. hdl:1983/267d44cb-bd22-4a1d-9d00-b3916c453784. ISSN 2056-2799.
Waloszek, Dieter; Dunlop, Jason A. (2002). "A Larval Sea Spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian 'orsten' of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of Pycnogonids". Palaeontology. 45 (3): 421–446. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45..421W. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00244. ISSN 1475-4983.
Rudkin, Dave; Cuggy, Michael B.; Young, Graham A.; Thompson, Deborah P. (2013). "An Ordovician pycnogonid (sea spider) with serially subdivided 'head' region". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (3): 395–405. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..395R. doi:10.1666/12-057.1. S2CID 83924778. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Sabroux, Romain; Audo, Denis; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2019-11-17). "150-million-year-old sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda) of Solnhofen". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (22): 1927–1938. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1927S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1571534. ISSN 1477-2019.

marinespecies.org

"Pycnogonida". World Register of Marine Species. Taxon details.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Pycnogonida". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Pantopoda incertae sedis". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Pantopoda". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Eupantopodida". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Stiripasterida". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-12-05.

merriam-webster.com

"Pycnogonida". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.: "New Latin, from Pycnogonum [...] + -ida"
"pycnogonid". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
"Pantopoda". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.: "taxonomic synonym of Pycnogonida < Neo-Latin, from pant- + -poda"

nature.com

Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2001). "Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology". Nature. 413 (6852): 157–161. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..157G. doi:10.1038/35093097. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11557979.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J. (2004). "A Silurian sea spider". Nature. 431 (7011): 978–980. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..978S. doi:10.1038/nature02928. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15496921.
Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2019). "A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills". Nature. 573 (7775): 586–589. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..586A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1525-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31511691.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2001). "Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology". Nature. 413 (6852): 157–161. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..157G. doi:10.1038/35093097. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11557979.
Maxmen, Amy; Browne, William E.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2005). "Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the protocerebral segment". Nature. 437 (7062): 1144–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1144M. doi:10.1038/nature03984. PMID 16237442. S2CID 4400419.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592 – R602. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R592G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017). "Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata". Arthropod Structure & Development. 46 (3): 395–418. Bibcode:2017ArtSD..46..395D. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27240897.
Vilpoux, Kathia; Waloszek, Dieter (2003-12-01). "Larval development and morphogenesis of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762) and the tagmosis of the body of Pantopoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. 32 (4): 349–383. Bibcode:2003ArtSD..32..349V. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2003.09.004. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 18089018.
Arango, Claudia P.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2007). "Phylogeny of the sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) based on direct optimization of six loci and morphology". Cladistics. 23 (3): 255–293. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00143.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34905863.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J. (2004). "A Silurian sea spider". Nature. 431 (7011): 978–980. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..978S. doi:10.1038/nature02928. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15496921.
Dietz, Lars; Dömel, Jana S.; Leese, Florian; Lehmann, Tobias; Melzer, Roland R. (2018-03-15). "Feeding ecology in sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida): what do we know?". Frontiers in Zoology. 15 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s12983-018-0250-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5856303. PMID 29568315.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Setton, Emily V W; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Arango, Claudia P; Brenneis, Georg; Brix, Saskia; Corbett, Kevin F; Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; Dandouch, Merai; Dilly, Geoffrey F; Eleaume, Marc P; Gainett, Guilherme; Gallut, Cyril; McAtee, Sean; McIntyre, Lauren (2021-01-23). Crandall, Keith (ed.). "Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (2): 686–701. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa228. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 7826184. PMID 32915961.
Manuel, Michaël; Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Guyader, Hervé Le (2006-07-01). "Hox genes in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) and the homology of arthropod head segments". Development Genes and Evolution. 216 (7): 481–491. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0095-2. ISSN 1432-041X. PMID 16820954.
Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Deutsch, Jean; Guyader, Hervé Le; Manuel, Michaël (2006). "Homology of arthropod anterior appendages revealed by Hox gene expression in a sea spider". Nature. 441 (7092): 506–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..506J. doi:10.1038/nature04591. PMID 16724066. S2CID 4307398.
Brenneis, Georg; Scholtz, Gerhard (2014-04-15). "The 'Ventral Organs' of Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) Are Neurogenic Niches of Late Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Nervous System Development". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e95435. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995435B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095435. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3988247. PMID 24736377.
Brenneis, Georg; Bogomolova, Ekaterina V.; Arango, Claudia P.; Krapp, Franz (2017-02-07). "From egg to "no-body": an overview and revision of developmental pathways in the ancient arthropod lineage Pycnogonida". Frontiers in Zoology. 14 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/s12983-017-0192-2. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5297176. PMID 28191025.
Frankowski, Karina; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Brenneis, Georg (2022-03-31). "A microCT-based atlas of the central nervous system and midgut in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) sheds first light on evolutionary trends at the family level". Frontiers in Zoology. 19 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s12983-022-00459-8. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 8973786. PMID 35361245.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta (2023-09-01). "Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 76: 101295. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7601295A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 37722770.
Woods, H. Arthur; Lane, Steven J.; Shishido, Caitlin; Tobalske, Bret W.; Arango, Claudia P.; Moran, Amy L. (2017-07-10). "Respiratory gut peristalsis by sea spiders". Current Biology. 27 (13): R638 – R639. Bibcode:2017CBio...27.R638W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28697358. S2CID 35014992.
Bastide, A.; Peretti, D.; Knight, J. R.; Grosso, S.; Spriggs, R. V.; Pichon, X.; Sbarrato, T.; Roobol, A.; Roobol, J.; Vito, D.; Bushell, M.; von Der Haar, T.; Smales, C. M.; Mallucci, G. R.; Willis, A. E. (2017). "RTN3 is a Novel Cold-Induced Protein and Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of RBM3". Current Biology. 27 (5): 638–650. Bibcode:2017CBio...27..638B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.047. PMC 5344685. PMID 28238655.
Brenneis, Georg; Ungerer, Petra; Scholtz, Gerhard (2008-10-27). "The chelifores of sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) are the appendages of the deutocerebral segment: Chelifores of sea spiders". Evolution & Development. 10 (6): 717–724. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00285.x. PMID 19021742. S2CID 6048195.
Brenneis, Georg; Frankowski, Karina; Maaß, Laura; Scholtz, Gerhard (2023-01-31). "The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (5): e2217272120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12017272B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2217272120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9946000. PMID 36689663.
Tomaschko, K-H (1994-07-01). "Ecdysteroids fromPycnogonum litorale (Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as chemical defense againstCarcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20 (7): 1445–1455. Bibcode:1994JCEco..20.1445T. doi:10.1007/BF02059872. ISSN 1573-1561. PMID 24242643.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta; Shunatova, Natalia (2018-05-01). "Postembryonic development of pycnogonids: A deeper look inside". Arthropod Structure & Development. 47 (3): 299–317. Bibcode:2018ArtSD..47..299A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.03.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 29524544.
Liu, Yu; Melzer, Roland R.; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Hörnig, Marie K.; He, Yu-yang; Hou, Xian-guang (2016-05-17). "Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (20): 5542–5546. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.5542L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522899113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4878483. PMID 27140601.
Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-08-08). "A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation". Current Biology. 32 (15): 3302–3316.e2. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3302M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 35809569.
Regier, Jerome C.; Shultz, Jeffrey W.; Zwick, Andreas; Hussey, April; Ball, Bernard; Wetzer, Regina; Martin, Joel W.; Cunningham, Clifford W. (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079–83. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1079R. doi:10.1038/nature08742. PMID 20147900. S2CID 4427443.
Sharma, Prashant P.; Kaluziak, Stefan T.; Pérez-Porro, Alicia R.; González, Vanessa L.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Wheeler, Ward C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (November 2014). "Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic Signal". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (11): 2963–2984. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu235. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 25107551.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Sharma, Prashant P (2019-11-01). Halanych, Ken (ed.). "A Critical Appraisal of the Placement of Xiphosura (Chelicerata) with Account of Known Sources of Phylogenetic Error". Systematic Biology. 68 (6): 896–917. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz011. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 30917194.
Ballesteros, Jesús A.; Santibáñez López, Carlos E.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Sharma, Prashant P. (2019-12-18). "Ordered phylogenomic subsampling enables diagnosis of systematic errors in the placement of the enigmatic arachnid order Palpigradi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1917): 20192426. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2426. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6939912. PMID 31847768.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Baker, Caitlin M; Benavides, Ligia R; Cunha, Tauana J; Gainett, Guilherme; Ontano, Andrew Z; Setton, Emily V W; Arango, Claudia P; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S; Wheeler, Ward C; Hormiga, Gustavo; Giribet, Gonzalo; Sharma, Prashant P (2022-02-03). Teeling, Emma (ed.). "Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (2): msac021. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac021. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 8845124. PMID 35137183.
Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2019). "A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills". Nature. 573 (7775): 586–589. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..586A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1525-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31511691.
Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Charbonnier, S; Vannier, J; Riou, B (2007-08-14). "New sea spiders from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1625): 2555–2561. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0848. PMC 2275891. PMID 17698484.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Dietz, Lars; Dömel, Jana S.; Leese, Florian; Lehmann, Tobias; Melzer, Roland R. (2018-03-15). "Feeding ecology in sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida): what do we know?". Frontiers in Zoology. 15 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s12983-018-0250-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5856303. PMID 29568315.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Setton, Emily V W; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Arango, Claudia P; Brenneis, Georg; Brix, Saskia; Corbett, Kevin F; Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; Dandouch, Merai; Dilly, Geoffrey F; Eleaume, Marc P; Gainett, Guilherme; Gallut, Cyril; McAtee, Sean; McIntyre, Lauren (2021-01-23). Crandall, Keith (ed.). "Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (2): 686–701. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa228. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 7826184. PMID 32915961.
Brenneis, Georg; Scholtz, Gerhard (2014-04-15). "The 'Ventral Organs' of Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) Are Neurogenic Niches of Late Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Nervous System Development". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e95435. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995435B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095435. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3988247. PMID 24736377.
Brenneis, Georg; Bogomolova, Ekaterina V.; Arango, Claudia P.; Krapp, Franz (2017-02-07). "From egg to "no-body": an overview and revision of developmental pathways in the ancient arthropod lineage Pycnogonida". Frontiers in Zoology. 14 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/s12983-017-0192-2. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5297176. PMID 28191025.
Frankowski, Karina; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Brenneis, Georg (2022-03-31). "A microCT-based atlas of the central nervous system and midgut in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) sheds first light on evolutionary trends at the family level". Frontiers in Zoology. 19 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s12983-022-00459-8. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 8973786. PMID 35361245.
Bastide, A.; Peretti, D.; Knight, J. R.; Grosso, S.; Spriggs, R. V.; Pichon, X.; Sbarrato, T.; Roobol, A.; Roobol, J.; Vito, D.; Bushell, M.; von Der Haar, T.; Smales, C. M.; Mallucci, G. R.; Willis, A. E. (2017). "RTN3 is a Novel Cold-Induced Protein and Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of RBM3". Current Biology. 27 (5): 638–650. Bibcode:2017CBio...27..638B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.047. PMC 5344685. PMID 28238655.
Brenneis, Georg; Frankowski, Karina; Maaß, Laura; Scholtz, Gerhard (2023-01-31). "The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (5): e2217272120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12017272B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2217272120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9946000. PMID 36689663.
Liu, Yu; Melzer, Roland R.; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Hörnig, Marie K.; He, Yu-yang; Hou, Xian-guang (2016-05-17). "Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (20): 5542–5546. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.5542L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522899113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4878483. PMID 27140601.
Ballesteros, Jesús A.; Santibáñez López, Carlos E.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Sharma, Prashant P. (2019-12-18). "Ordered phylogenomic subsampling enables diagnosis of systematic errors in the placement of the enigmatic arachnid order Palpigradi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1917): 20192426. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2426. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6939912. PMID 31847768.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Baker, Caitlin M; Benavides, Ligia R; Cunha, Tauana J; Gainett, Guilherme; Ontano, Andrew Z; Setton, Emily V W; Arango, Claudia P; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S; Wheeler, Ward C; Hormiga, Gustavo; Giribet, Gonzalo; Sharma, Prashant P (2022-02-03). Teeling, Emma (ed.). "Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (2): msac021. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac021. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 8845124. PMID 35137183.
Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Charbonnier, S; Vannier, J; Riou, B (2007-08-14). "New sea spiders from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1625): 2555–2561. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0848. PMC 2275891. PMID 17698484.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Setton, Emily V W; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Arango, Claudia P; Brenneis, Georg; Brix, Saskia; Corbett, Kevin F; Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; Dandouch, Merai; Dilly, Geoffrey F; Eleaume, Marc P; Gainett, Guilherme; Gallut, Cyril; McAtee, Sean; McIntyre, Lauren (2021-01-23). Crandall, Keith (ed.). "Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (2): 686–701. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa228. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 7826184. PMID 32915961.
Shultz, Jeffrey W. (1989). "Morphology of locomotor appendages in Arachnida: evolutionary trends and phylogenetic implications". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 97 (1): 1–55. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1989.tb00552.x.
Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Yamada, Katsumasa; Tamaoki, Masanori (2015-07-01). "18S Analysis of the Taxonomic Position of an Endoparasitic Pycnogonid, Nymphonella Tapetis (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Ascorhynchidae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35 (4): 491–494. Bibcode:2015JCBio..35..491T. doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002348. ISSN 0278-0372.
Sharma, Prashant P.; Kaluziak, Stefan T.; Pérez-Porro, Alicia R.; González, Vanessa L.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Wheeler, Ward C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (November 2014). "Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic Signal". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (11): 2963–2984. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu235. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 25107551.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Sharma, Prashant P (2019-11-01). Halanych, Ken (ed.). "A Critical Appraisal of the Placement of Xiphosura (Chelicerata) with Account of Known Sources of Phylogenetic Error". Systematic Biology. 68 (6): 896–917. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz011. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 30917194.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Baker, Caitlin M; Benavides, Ligia R; Cunha, Tauana J; Gainett, Guilherme; Ontano, Andrew Z; Setton, Emily V W; Arango, Claudia P; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S; Wheeler, Ward C; Hormiga, Gustavo; Giribet, Gonzalo; Sharma, Prashant P (2022-02-03). Teeling, Emma (ed.). "Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (2): msac021. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac021. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 8845124. PMID 35137183.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Dunlop, J. A.; Arango, C. P. (2005). "Pycnogonid affinities: A review". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 43: 8–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.714.8297. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00284.x.

researchgate.net

Rudkin, Dave; Cuggy, Michael B.; Young, Graham A.; Thompson, Deborah P. (2013). "An Ordovician pycnogonid (sea spider) with serially subdivided 'head' region". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (3): 395–405. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..395R. doi:10.1666/12-057.1. S2CID 83924778. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

scienceblogs.com

"Chelifores, chelicerae, and invertebrate evolution | ScienceBlogs". scienceblogs.com. Retrieved 2022-01-10.

sciencedirect.com

Vilpoux, Kathia; Waloszek, Dieter (2003-12-01). "Larval development and morphogenesis of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762) and the tagmosis of the body of Pantopoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. 32 (4): 349–383. Bibcode:2003ArtSD..32..349V. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2003.09.004. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 18089018.
Sabroux, Romain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2023-05-01). "Phylogeny of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) inferred from mitochondrial genome and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 182: 107726. Bibcode:2023MolPE.18207726S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107726. ISSN 1055-7903.
Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-08-08). "A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation". Current Biology. 32 (15): 3302–3316.e2. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3302M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 35809569.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Maxmen, Amy; Browne, William E.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2005). "Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the protocerebral segment". Nature. 437 (7062): 1144–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1144M. doi:10.1038/nature03984. PMID 16237442. S2CID 4400419.
Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Deutsch, Jean; Guyader, Hervé Le; Manuel, Michaël (2006). "Homology of arthropod anterior appendages revealed by Hox gene expression in a sea spider". Nature. 441 (7092): 506–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..506J. doi:10.1038/nature04591. PMID 16724066. S2CID 4307398.
Woods, H. Arthur; Lane, Steven J.; Shishido, Caitlin; Tobalske, Bret W.; Arango, Claudia P.; Moran, Amy L. (2017-07-10). "Respiratory gut peristalsis by sea spiders". Current Biology. 27 (13): R638 – R639. Bibcode:2017CBio...27.R638W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28697358. S2CID 35014992.
Brenneis, Georg; Ungerer, Petra; Scholtz, Gerhard (2008-10-27). "The chelifores of sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) are the appendages of the deutocerebral segment: Chelifores of sea spiders". Evolution & Development. 10 (6): 717–724. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00285.x. PMID 19021742. S2CID 6048195.
Bain, B. A. (2003). "Larval types and a summary of postembryonic development within the pycnogonids". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 43 (3): 193–222. Bibcode:2003InvRD..43..193B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2003.9652540. S2CID 84345599.
Regier, Jerome C.; Shultz, Jeffrey W.; Zwick, Andreas; Hussey, April; Ball, Bernard; Wetzer, Regina; Martin, Joel W.; Cunningham, Clifford W. (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079–83. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1079R. doi:10.1038/nature08742. PMID 20147900. S2CID 4427443.
Rudkin, Dave; Cuggy, Michael B.; Young, Graham A.; Thompson, Deborah P. (2013). "An Ordovician pycnogonid (sea spider) with serially subdivided 'head' region". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (3): 395–405. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..395R. doi:10.1666/12-057.1. S2CID 83924778. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Wagner, Philipp; Dömel, Jana S.; Hofmann, Michaela; Hübner, Jeremy; Leese, Florian; Melzer, Roland R. (2017-03-01). "Comparative study of bisected proboscides of Pycnogonida". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 17 (1): 121–135. Bibcode:2017ODivE..17..121W. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0310-6. ISSN 1618-1077.
Manuel, Michaël; Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Guyader, Hervé Le (2006-07-01). "Hox genes in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) and the homology of arthropod head segments". Development Genes and Evolution. 216 (7): 481–491. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0095-2. ISSN 1432-041X. PMID 16820954.
Tomaschko, K-H (1994-07-01). "Ecdysteroids fromPycnogonum litorale (Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as chemical defense againstCarcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20 (7): 1445–1455. Bibcode:1994JCEco..20.1445T. doi:10.1007/BF02059872. ISSN 1573-1561. PMID 24242643.
Lehmann, Tobias; Gailer, Juan P.; Melzer, Roland R.; Schwabe, Enrico (2007-01-01). "A scanning-electron microscopic study of Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990) (Gastropoda, Littorinoidea) on Colossendeis megalonyx megalonyx Fry and Hedgpeth, 1969 (Pycnogonida, Colossendeidae): a test for ectoparasitism". Polar Biology. 30 (2): 243–248. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0178-6. ISSN 1432-2056.
Lane, Steven J.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-08-01). "Costs of epibionts on Antarctic sea spiders". Marine Biology. 165 (8): 137. Bibcode:2018MarBi.165..137L. doi:10.1007/s00227-018-3389-9. ISSN 1432-1793.

tandfonline.com

Bain, Bonnie A.; Govedich, Fredric R. (2004). "Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogonida): a summary". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 46 (1): 63–79. Bibcode:2004InvRD..46...63B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2004.9652607. ISSN 0792-4259.
Sabroux, Romain; Audo, Denis; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2019-11-17). "150-million-year-old sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda) of Solnhofen". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (22): 1927–1938. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1927S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1571534. ISSN 1477-2019.

thefreedictionary.com

"pycnogonid". The Free Dictionary. From Neo-Latin Pycnogonida, class name, from Pycnogonum, type genus.

web.archive.org

"Sea spiders provide insights into Antarctic evolution" (Press release). Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Antarctic Division. 22 July 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
McClain, Craig (August 14, 2006). "Sea Spiders". Deep Sea News Info. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007.

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

"Pycnogonida". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.: "New Latin, from Pycnogonum [...] + -ida"
"Pantopoda". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.: "taxonomic synonym of Pycnogonida < Neo-Latin, from pant- + -poda"

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Arango, Claudia P.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2007). "Phylogeny of the sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) based on direct optimization of six loci and morphology". Cladistics. 23 (3): 255–293. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00143.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34905863.
Sabroux, Romain; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Pisani, Davide; Garwood, Russell J. (2023). "New insights into the sea spider fauna (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France (Jurassic, Callovian)". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (4): e1515. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1515S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1515. ISSN 2056-2802.
Poschmann, Markus; Dunlop, Jason A. (2006). "A New Sea Spider (arthropoda: Pycnogonida) with a Flagelliform telson from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 983–989. Bibcode:2006Palgy..49..983P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00583.x. ISSN 1475-4983.
Brenneis, Georg; Ungerer, Petra; Scholtz, Gerhard (2008-10-27). "The chelifores of sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) are the appendages of the deutocerebral segment: Chelifores of sea spiders". Evolution & Development. 10 (6): 717–724. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00285.x. PMID 19021742. S2CID 6048195.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sabroux, Romain; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2023). "Newly discovered morphology of the Silurian sea spider Haliestes and its implications". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (5). Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1528S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1528. hdl:1983/267d44cb-bd22-4a1d-9d00-b3916c453784. ISSN 2056-2799.
Waloszek, Dieter; Dunlop, Jason A. (2002). "A Larval Sea Spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian 'orsten' of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of Pycnogonids". Palaeontology. 45 (3): 421–446. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45..421W. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00244. ISSN 1475-4983.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2001). "Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology". Nature. 413 (6852): 157–161. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..157G. doi:10.1038/35093097. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11557979.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592 – R602. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R592G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983.
Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). "Arthropod Origins: Integrating Paleontological and Molecular Evidence". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2017). "Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata". Arthropod Structure & Development. 46 (3): 395–418. Bibcode:2017ArtSD..46..395D. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.05.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27240897.
Vilpoux, Kathia; Waloszek, Dieter (2003-12-01). "Larval development and morphogenesis of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762) and the tagmosis of the body of Pantopoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. 32 (4): 349–383. Bibcode:2003ArtSD..32..349V. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2003.09.004. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 18089018.
Arango, Claudia P.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2007). "Phylogeny of the sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) based on direct optimization of six loci and morphology". Cladistics. 23 (3): 255–293. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00143.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34905863.
Wagner, Philipp; Dömel, Jana S.; Hofmann, Michaela; Hübner, Jeremy; Leese, Florian; Melzer, Roland R. (2017-03-01). "Comparative study of bisected proboscides of Pycnogonida". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 17 (1): 121–135. Bibcode:2017ODivE..17..121W. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0310-6. ISSN 1618-1077.
Miether, Sebastian T.; Dunlop, Jason A. (2016). "Lateral eye evolution in the arachnids". Arachnology. 17 (2): 103–119. doi:10.13156/arac.2006.17.2.103. ISSN 2050-9928.
Bain, Bonnie A.; Govedich, Fredric R. (2004). "Courtship and mating behavior in the Pycnogonida (Chelicerata: Class Pycnogonida): a summary". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 46 (1): 63–79. Bibcode:2004InvRD..46...63B. doi:10.1080/07924259.2004.9652607. ISSN 0792-4259.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J. (2004). "A Silurian sea spider". Nature. 431 (7011): 978–980. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..978S. doi:10.1038/nature02928. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15496921.
Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; López-González, Pablo J. (2016-12-15). "Basal articulation of the palps and ovigers in Antarctic Colossendeis (Pycnogonida; Colossendeidae)". Helgoland Marine Research. 70 (1): 22. doi:10.1186/s10152-016-0474-7. ISSN 1438-3888.
Sabroux, Romain; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Pisani, Davide; Garwood, Russell J. (2023). "New insights into the sea spider fauna (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of La Voulte-sur-Rhône, France (Jurassic, Callovian)". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (4): e1515. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1515S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1515. ISSN 2056-2802.
Dietz, Lars; Dömel, Jana S.; Leese, Florian; Lehmann, Tobias; Melzer, Roland R. (2018-03-15). "Feeding ecology in sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida): what do we know?". Frontiers in Zoology. 15 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s12983-018-0250-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5856303. PMID 29568315.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Setton, Emily V W; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Arango, Claudia P; Brenneis, Georg; Brix, Saskia; Corbett, Kevin F; Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; Dandouch, Merai; Dilly, Geoffrey F; Eleaume, Marc P; Gainett, Guilherme; Gallut, Cyril; McAtee, Sean; McIntyre, Lauren (2021-01-23). Crandall, Keith (ed.). "Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (2): 686–701. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa228. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 7826184. PMID 32915961.
Sabroux, Romain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2023-05-01). "Phylogeny of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) inferred from mitochondrial genome and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 182: 107726. Bibcode:2023MolPE.18207726S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107726. ISSN 1055-7903.
Ruppert, Edward E. (1994). Invertebrate Zoology. Barnes, Robert D. (6th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Saunders College Pub. ISBN 0-03-026668-8. OCLC 30544625.
Manuel, Michaël; Jager, Muriel; Murienne, Jérôme; Clabaut, Céline; Guyader, Hervé Le (2006-07-01). "Hox genes in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) and the homology of arthropod head segments". Development Genes and Evolution. 216 (7): 481–491. doi:10.1007/s00427-006-0095-2. ISSN 1432-041X. PMID 16820954.
Brenneis, Georg; Scholtz, Gerhard (2014-04-15). "The 'Ventral Organs' of Pycnogonida (Arthropoda) Are Neurogenic Niches of Late Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Nervous System Development". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e95435. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...995435B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095435. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3988247. PMID 24736377.
Brenneis, Georg; Bogomolova, Ekaterina V.; Arango, Claudia P.; Krapp, Franz (2017-02-07). "From egg to "no-body": an overview and revision of developmental pathways in the ancient arthropod lineage Pycnogonida". Frontiers in Zoology. 14 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/s12983-017-0192-2. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 5297176. PMID 28191025.
Poschmann, Markus; Dunlop, Jason A. (2006). "A New Sea Spider (arthropoda: Pycnogonida) with a Flagelliform telson from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 983–989. Bibcode:2006Palgy..49..983P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00583.x. ISSN 1475-4983.
Frankowski, Karina; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Brenneis, Georg (2022-03-31). "A microCT-based atlas of the central nervous system and midgut in sea spiders (Pycnogonida) sheds first light on evolutionary trends at the family level". Frontiers in Zoology. 19 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s12983-022-00459-8. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 8973786. PMID 35361245.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta (2023-09-01). "Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 76: 101295. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7601295A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 37722770.
Lane, Steven J.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-01-01). "Cuticular gas exchange by Antarctic sea spiders". Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 (8): jeb177568. doi:10.1242/jeb.177568. ISSN 1477-9145.
Woods, H. Arthur; Lane, Steven J.; Shishido, Caitlin; Tobalske, Bret W.; Arango, Claudia P.; Moran, Amy L. (2017-07-10). "Respiratory gut peristalsis by sea spiders". Current Biology. 27 (13): R638 – R639. Bibcode:2017CBio...27.R638W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28697358. S2CID 35014992.
Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Yamada, Katsumasa; Tamaoki, Masanori (2015-07-01). "18S Analysis of the Taxonomic Position of an Endoparasitic Pycnogonid, Nymphonella Tapetis (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Ascorhynchidae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 35 (4): 491–494. Bibcode:2015JCBio..35..491T. doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002348. ISSN 0278-0372.
Yamada, Katsumasa; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Tomiyama, Takeshi; Kanaya, Gen; Miyama, Yoshifumi; Yoshinaga, Tomoyoshi; Wakui, Kunihiro; Tamaoki, Masanori; Toba, Mitsuharu (June 2018). "Impact of sea spider parasitism on host clams: susceptibility and intensity-dependent mortality". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 98 (4): 735–742. Bibcode:2018JMBUK..98..735Y. doi:10.1017/S0025315417000200. ISSN 0025-3154.
Brenneis, Georg; Frankowski, Karina; Maaß, Laura; Scholtz, Gerhard (2023-01-31). "The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (5): e2217272120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12017272B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2217272120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9946000. PMID 36689663.
Petrova, Maria; Bogomolova, Ekaterina (2023-11-01). "Walking leg regeneration in the sea spider Nymphon brevirostre Hodge, 1863 (Pycnogonida)". Arthropod Structure & Development. 77: 101310. Bibcode:2023ArtSD..7701310P. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101310. ISSN 1467-8039.
Tomaschko, K-H (1994-07-01). "Ecdysteroids fromPycnogonum litorale (Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as chemical defense againstCarcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 20 (7): 1445–1455. Bibcode:1994JCEco..20.1445T. doi:10.1007/BF02059872. ISSN 1573-1561. PMID 24242643.
Lehmann, Tobias; Gailer, Juan P.; Melzer, Roland R.; Schwabe, Enrico (2007-01-01). "A scanning-electron microscopic study of Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990) (Gastropoda, Littorinoidea) on Colossendeis megalonyx megalonyx Fry and Hedgpeth, 1969 (Pycnogonida, Colossendeidae): a test for ectoparasitism". Polar Biology. 30 (2): 243–248. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0178-6. ISSN 1432-2056.
Schiaparelli, Stefano; Oliverio, Marco; Taviani, Marco; Griffiths, Huw; Lörz, Anne-Nina; Albertelli, Giancarlo (2008). "Short Note: Circumpolar distribution of the pycnogonid-ectoparasitic gastropod". Antarctic Science. 20 (5): 497–498. doi:10.1017/S0954102008001302. ISSN 1365-2079.
Lane, Steven J.; Tobalske, Bret W.; Moran, Amy L.; Shishido, Caitlin M.; Woods, H. Arthur (2018-08-01). "Costs of epibionts on Antarctic sea spiders". Marine Biology. 165 (8): 137. Bibcode:2018MarBi.165..137L. doi:10.1007/s00227-018-3389-9. ISSN 1432-1793.
Alexeeva, Nina; Tamberg, Yuta; Shunatova, Natalia (2018-05-01). "Postembryonic development of pycnogonids: A deeper look inside". Arthropod Structure & Development. 47 (3): 299–317. Bibcode:2018ArtSD..47..299A. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.03.002. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 29524544.
Liu, Yu; Melzer, Roland R.; Haug, Joachim T.; Haug, Carolin; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Hörnig, Marie K.; He, Yu-yang; Hou, Xian-guang (2016-05-17). "Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (20): 5542–5546. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.5542L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1522899113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4878483. PMID 27140601.
Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-08-08). "A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation". Current Biology. 32 (15): 3302–3316.e2. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3302M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 35809569.
Sharma, Prashant P.; Kaluziak, Stefan T.; Pérez-Porro, Alicia R.; González, Vanessa L.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Wheeler, Ward C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (November 2014). "Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic Signal". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (11): 2963–2984. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu235. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 25107551.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Sharma, Prashant P (2019-11-01). Halanych, Ken (ed.). "A Critical Appraisal of the Placement of Xiphosura (Chelicerata) with Account of Known Sources of Phylogenetic Error". Systematic Biology. 68 (6): 896–917. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz011. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 30917194.
Ballesteros, Jesús A.; Santibáñez López, Carlos E.; Kováč, Ľubomír; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Sharma, Prashant P. (2019-12-18). "Ordered phylogenomic subsampling enables diagnosis of systematic errors in the placement of the enigmatic arachnid order Palpigradi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1917): 20192426. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.2426. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6939912. PMID 31847768.
Ballesteros, Jesús A; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E; Baker, Caitlin M; Benavides, Ligia R; Cunha, Tauana J; Gainett, Guilherme; Ontano, Andrew Z; Setton, Emily V W; Arango, Claudia P; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S; Wheeler, Ward C; Hormiga, Gustavo; Giribet, Gonzalo; Sharma, Prashant P (2022-02-03). Teeling, Emma (ed.). "Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (2): msac021. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac021. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 8845124. PMID 35137183.
Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2019). "A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills". Nature. 573 (7775): 586–589. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..586A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1525-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31511691.
Bergström, Jan; Stürmer, Wilhelm; Winter, Gerhard (1980). "Palaeoisopus, Palaeopantopus and Palaeothea, pycnogonid arthropods from the Lower Devonian Hunsriick Slate, West Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 54 (1–2): 7. Bibcode:1980PalZ...54....7B. doi:10.1007/BF02985882. ISSN 0031-0220.
Kühl, Gabriele; Poschmann, Markus; Rust, Jes (2013). "A ten-legged sea spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate (Germany)". Geological Magazine. 150 (3): 556–564. Bibcode:2013GeoM..150..556K. doi:10.1017/S0016756812001033. ISSN 0016-7568.
Siveter, Derek J.; Sabroux, Romain; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2023). "Newly discovered morphology of the Silurian sea spider Haliestes and its implications". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (5). Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1528S. doi:10.1002/spp2.1528. hdl:1983/267d44cb-bd22-4a1d-9d00-b3916c453784. ISSN 2056-2799.
Sabroux, Romain; Garwood, Russell J.; Pisani, Davide; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2024-10-14). "New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück Slate (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida)". PeerJ. 12: e17766. doi:10.7717/peerj.17766. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11485130. PMID 39421419.
Waloszek, Dieter; Dunlop, Jason A. (2002). "A Larval Sea Spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian 'orsten' of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of Pycnogonids". Palaeontology. 45 (3): 421–446. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45..421W. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00244. ISSN 1475-4983.
Sabroux, Romain; Audo, Denis; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Corbari, Laure; Hassanin, Alexandre (2019-11-17). "150-million-year-old sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda) of Solnhofen". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (22): 1927–1938. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1927S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1571534. ISSN 1477-2019.

worldcat.org

Ruppert, Edward E. (1994). Invertebrate Zoology. Barnes, Robert D. (6th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Saunders College Pub. ISBN 0-03-026668-8. OCLC 30544625.