Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1556. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1554. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Bérard 1937, p. 289. Bérard, Jean (1937). "Remarques sur une erreur historique d'Hérodote (II, 124-136)". Revue des Études Grecques (in French). 50 (236/237): 289–292. doi:10.3406/reg.1937.2823. JSTOR44271513.
Bérard 1937, p. 291. Bérard, Jean (1937). "Remarques sur une erreur historique d'Hérodote (II, 124-136)". Revue des Études Grecques (in French). 50 (236/237): 289–292. doi:10.3406/reg.1937.2823. JSTOR44271513.
Bérard 1937, p. 292. Bérard, Jean (1937). "Remarques sur une erreur historique d'Hérodote (II, 124-136)". Revue des Études Grecques (in French). 50 (236/237): 289–292. doi:10.3406/reg.1937.2823. JSTOR44271513.
Lehner 2002, pp. 34 & 61. Lehner, Mark (2002). "The Pyramid Age Settlement of the Southern Mount at Giza". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 39. American Research Center in Egypt: 27–74. doi:10.2307/40001149. JSTOR40001149.
Dunham 1935, pp. 147–148, footnote 1. Dunham, Dows (1935). "Four New Kingdom Monuments in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 21 (2). Sage Publications, Inc.: 147–151. doi:10.2307/3854707. JSTOR3854707.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1556. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1554. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
jstor.org
Kozloff 1982, p. 214. Kozloff, Arielle P. (1982). "Weserkaf, Boy King of Dynasty V". The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 69 (7): 211–223. JSTOR25159780.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1556. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1554. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Kozloff 1982, p. 220. Kozloff, Arielle P. (1982). "Weserkaf, Boy King of Dynasty V". The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 69 (7): 211–223. JSTOR25159780.
Kozloff 1982, p. 216. Kozloff, Arielle P. (1982). "Weserkaf, Boy King of Dynasty V". The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 69 (7): 211–223. JSTOR25159780.
O'Mara 1996, pp. 207–208. O'Mara, Patrick F. (1996). "Was There an Old Kingdom Historiography? Is It Datable?". Orientalia. Nova Series. 65 (3). Gregorian Biblical Press: 197–208. JSTOR43078130.
Bérard 1937, p. 289. Bérard, Jean (1937). "Remarques sur une erreur historique d'Hérodote (II, 124-136)". Revue des Études Grecques (in French). 50 (236/237): 289–292. doi:10.3406/reg.1937.2823. JSTOR44271513.
Bérard 1937, p. 291. Bérard, Jean (1937). "Remarques sur une erreur historique d'Hérodote (II, 124-136)". Revue des Études Grecques (in French). 50 (236/237): 289–292. doi:10.3406/reg.1937.2823. JSTOR44271513.
Bérard 1937, p. 292. Bérard, Jean (1937). "Remarques sur une erreur historique d'Hérodote (II, 124-136)". Revue des Études Grecques (in French). 50 (236/237): 289–292. doi:10.3406/reg.1937.2823. JSTOR44271513.
Lehner 2002, pp. 34 & 61. Lehner, Mark (2002). "The Pyramid Age Settlement of the Southern Mount at Giza". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 39. American Research Center in Egypt: 27–74. doi:10.2307/40001149. JSTOR40001149.
Nuzzolo 2007, p. 235. Nuzzolo, Massimiliano (2007). "The Sun Temples of the Vth Dynasty: A Reassessment". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur. 36. Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH: 217–247. JSTOR25157803.
Reisner 1939, p. 29. Reisner, Georges A. (1939). "A Family of Royal Estate Stewards of Dynasty V". Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts. 37 (220). Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 29–35. JSTOR4170711.
Dunham 1935, pp. 147–148, footnote 1. Dunham, Dows (1935). "Four New Kingdom Monuments in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 21 (2). Sage Publications, Inc.: 147–151. doi:10.2307/3854707. JSTOR3854707.
Callender 1994, pp. 87 & 91. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 101. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, pp. 85–86. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 86. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 87. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1556. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1554. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1556. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Ramsey et al. 2010, p. 1554. Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. New Series. 328 (5985). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. JSTOR40656429. PMID20558717. S2CID206526496.
Callender 1994, pp. 87 & 91. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 101. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, pp. 85–86. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 86. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 87. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
During the Old Kingdom period, the Egyptians did not record time as we do today. Rather, they counted years since the beginning of the reign of the current king. Furthermore these years were referred to by the number of cattle counts which had taken place since the start of the reign. The cattle count was an important event aimed at evaluating the amount of taxes to be levied on the population. This involved counting cattle, oxen and small livestock.[85] During the first half of the fifth dynasty, this count might have been biennial[86] although it may not always have happened at regular intervals.[87] Following these principles, these inscriptions talk of the year after the first cattle count of Shepseskaf's reign. If the count was indeed biennial, which is uncertain, this would correspond to his second regnal year.[84]
Stadelmann 2000, pp. 535–536. Stadelmann, Reiner (2000). "Userkaf in Saqqara und Abusir. Untersuchungen zur Thronfolge in der 4. und frühen 5. Dynastie". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Archiv Orientální, Supplementa (in German). Vol. IX. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 529–542. ISBN978-8-08-542539-0. OCLC48015047.
Stadelmann 2000, pp. 529–530. Stadelmann, Reiner (2000). "Userkaf in Saqqara und Abusir. Untersuchungen zur Thronfolge in der 4. und frühen 5. Dynastie". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Archiv Orientální, Supplementa (in German). Vol. IX. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 529–542. ISBN978-8-08-542539-0. OCLC48015047.
Stadelmann 2000, p. 532. Stadelmann, Reiner (2000). "Userkaf in Saqqara und Abusir. Untersuchungen zur Thronfolge in der 4. und frühen 5. Dynastie". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Archiv Orientální, Supplementa (in German). Vol. IX. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 529–542. ISBN978-8-08-542539-0. OCLC48015047.
Callender 1994, pp. 87 & 91. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 101. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Troy 1986, p. 154. Troy, Lana (1986). Patterns of queenship in ancient egyptian myth and history. Boreas. Vol. 14. Uppsala: Upsaliensis Academiae. ISBN9789155419196. OCLC963431998.
Callender 1994, pp. 85–86. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 86. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Callender 1994, p. 87. Callender, Vivienne Gae (1994). "Part III. A prosopographical register of the wives of the Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I–XVII)". The wives of the Egyptian kings: dynasties I–XVII. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University. School of History, Philosophy, and Politics. OCLC862671624. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
de Rougé 1865, p. 67. de Rougé, Emmanuel (1865). Recherches sur les monuments qu'on peut attribuer aux six premières dynasties de Manéthon (in French). Paris: Institut de France, Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. OCLC1026731127.
Vercoutter 1992, p. 295. Vercoutter, Jean (1992). L'Egypte et la vallée du Nil. Tome 1, Des origines à la fin de l'Ancien Empire 12000-2000 av. J.-C. Nouvelle Clio (in French). Vol. 50. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN9782130441571. OCLC611721854.
Troy 1986, p. 154, #4.20. Troy, Lana (1986). Patterns of queenship in ancient egyptian myth and history. Boreas. Vol. 14. Uppsala: Upsaliensis Academiae. ISBN9789155419196. OCLC963431998.
O'Mara 1997, p. 51. O'Mara, Patrick F. (1997). "Manetho and the Turin Canon: A Comparison of Regnal Years". Göttinger Miszellen. 158: 49–61. ISSN0344-385X.
Hassan 1936, pp. 75–85. Hassan, Selim (1936). Excavations at Gîza II, 1930-1931. Cairo: Faculty of Arts of the Egyptian University & Government Press. pp. 75–86, figs. 81–91, pls. 23–26. OCLC1242410271.
Stadelmann 2000, p. 529. Stadelmann, Reiner (2000). "Userkaf in Saqqara und Abusir. Untersuchungen zur Thronfolge in der 4. und frühen 5. Dynastie". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Archiv Orientální, Supplementa (in German). Vol. IX. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 529–542. ISBN978-8-08-542539-0. OCLC48015047.
Stadelmann 2000, p. 530. Stadelmann, Reiner (2000). "Userkaf in Saqqara und Abusir. Untersuchungen zur Thronfolge in der 4. und frühen 5. Dynastie". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Archiv Orientální, Supplementa (in German). Vol. IX. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 529–542. ISBN978-8-08-542539-0. OCLC48015047.
Verner 2010, p. 91. Verner, Miroslav (2010). "Some considerations concerning the Old Kingdom royal palace (aH)". Anthropologie. XLVIII (2): 91–96. ISSN0323-1119.
Wildung 1969, p. 225. Wildung, Dietrich (1969). Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 17. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. OCLC1151084273.
Wildung 1969, pp. 152–156. Wildung, Dietrich (1969). Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 17. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. OCLC1151084273.
Wildung 1969, pp. 213–214. Wildung, Dietrich (1969). Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 17. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. OCLC1151084273.
Wildung 1969, pp. 226–227. Wildung, Dietrich (1969). Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 17. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. OCLC1151084273.
Wildung 1969, pp. 156–158. Wildung, Dietrich (1969). Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 17. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. OCLC1151084273.
Bárta 2015, p. 24. Bárta, Miroslav (2015). "Tomb of the chief physician Shepseskafankh". Prague Egyptological Studies. XV. Czech Institute of Egyptology: 15–27. ISSN1801-3899.
Bárta 2015, p. 27. Bárta, Miroslav (2015). "Tomb of the chief physician Shepseskafankh". Prague Egyptological Studies. XV. Czech Institute of Egyptology: 15–27. ISSN1801-3899.
Wildung 1969, p. 228. Wildung, Dietrich (1969). Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 17. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag. OCLC1151084273.