Volker, T. (1975) [1950]. "The Shōjō". The Animal in Far Eastern Art and Especially in the Art of the Japanese Netsuke, with References to Chinese Origins, Traditions, Legends, and Art. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 141–142. ISBN90-04-04295-4.
Liu An (2010). "13.12". The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China. Translated by Major, John S.; Roth, Harold; Meyer, Andrew Seth. Columbia University Press. pp. 920–. ISBN9780231142045.
Strassberg, Richard E., ed. (2018). "2. Xingxing" 狌狌. A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways Through Mountains and Seas. University of California Press. pp. 83–85. ISBN978-0-52029-851-4.
Birrell tr. (2000), p. 236: "Live-lively (hsing-hsing): A type of ape. The translation of its name reflects the phonetic for ‘live’ (sheng) in the double graph. It is sometimes translated as the orangutan. [Hao Yi-hsing (郝懿行)] notes that its lips taste delicious. He also cites a text of the fourth century AD that gives evidence of their mental powers and their knowledge of human names: ‘In the Yunnan region, the live-lively animals live in mountain valleys. When they see wine and sandals left out, they know exactly who set this trap for them, and, what is more, they know the name of that person's ancestor. They call the name of the person who set the trap and curse them: “Vile rotter! You hoped to trap me!”". Birrell, Anne (tr.), ed. (2000). The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Penguin Books. ISBN9780140447194.
Wang Gong-qi (王红旗, Wáng Gōng-qí), commentator; Sun Xiao-qin (孫暁琴, Sūn Xiǎo-qín), illustrator (2003). Illustrated Classics: The Classic of Mountains and Seas (经典图读山海经, Jīng Diǎn Tú Dú Shān Hǎi Jīng). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. ISBN7-5326-1172-8.
Faure (2011), p. 60, n49. Faure, Bernard (2011). "From Bodhidharma to Daruma: The Hidden Life of a Zen Patriarch". Japan Review. 11 (23): 45–71. JSTOR41304923.
Faure (2011), pp. 51, 60 Faure, Bernard (2011). "From Bodhidharma to Daruma: The Hidden Life of a Zen Patriarch". Japan Review. 11 (23): 45–71. JSTOR41304923.
On the tract where Huainanzi, Lecture 13. Fanlun (氾論訓 "Boundless Discourses") states that xingxing (orangutan) "knows the past but does not know the future 猩猩知往而不知来",[7] and Gao You (高誘)'s annotation (212 AD) here provides that "The xingxing is the name of a beast in the north (recté 'south'), with a human face and beastly body of yellow color. [Confucius] Book of Rites says the xingxing is able to speak yet not separate from beasts and birds, seems to walk and run like humans, knows the names of humans, and has a taste for liquor 猩猩北方獣名、人面獣身黄色、禮記曰、猩猩能言不離禽獣、見人往走、則知人姓字、又嗜酒".[8]
Wade-Giles romanization is Hsün-yang (潯陽) but this has been transcribed as "Hsin-yang River".[24] "Hsin-yang, now called Kiukiang", i.e., Jiujiang is also mentioned alongside shōjō in Chikamatsu Monzaemon's puppet play The Battles of Coxinga.[25]
