Solar flare (English Wikipedia)

"What is a Solar Flare?". NASA Science. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2026-08-14.
"What is a Solar Flare?". NASA Science. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2026-08-14.
Bell, Trudy E.; Phillips, Tony (6 May 2008). "A Super Solar Flare". Science News. NASA Science. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2012.

nasa.gov

Garner, Rob (6 September 2017). "Sun Erupts With Significant Flare". NASA. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
"Why Space Radiation Matters". NASA. 2017-04-13. Retrieved 2025-06-30.
"Great Observatory for Long Wavelengths (GO-LoW) - NASA". NASA. 2023-01-09. Retrieved 2026-08-14.

hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov

Fletcher, L.; Dennis, B. R.; Hudson, H. S.; Krucker, S.; Phillips, K.; Veronig, A.; Battaglia, M.; Bone, L.; Caspi, A.; Chen, Q.; Gallagher, P.; Grigis, P. T.; Ji, H.; Liu, W.; Milligan, R. O.; Temmer, M. (September 2011). "An Observational Overview of Solar Flares" (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 159 (1–4): 19–106. arXiv:1109.5932. Bibcode:2011SSRv..159...19F. doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9701-8. S2CID 21203102.
"The Impact of Flares". RHESSI Web Site. NASA. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

visibleearth.nasa.gov

"Biggest Solar Flare on Record". Visible Earth. NASA. 15 May 2001.

svs.gsfc.nasa.gov

"X-Class: A Guide to Solar Flares". NASA Scientific Visualization Studio. 9 August 2011.

soho.nascom.nasa.gov

"X-Whatever Flare! (X 28)". SOHO Hotshots. ESA/NASA. 4 November 2003. Retrieved 21 May 2012.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke; Glesener, Lindsay; Krucker, Säm; Christe, Steven; Buitrago-Casas, Juan Camilo; Narukage, Noriyuki; Vievering, Juliana (2017). "Detection of nanoflare-heated plasma in the solar corona by the FOXSI-2 sounding rocket". Nature Astronomy. 1 (11): 771–774. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..771I. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0269-z. ISSN 2397-3366.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Druett, Malcolm; Scullion, Eamon; Zharkova, Valentina; Matthews, Sarah; Zharkov, Sergei; Rouppe Van der Voort, Luc (27 June 2017). "Beam electrons as a source of Hα flare ribbons". Nature Communications. 8 (1) 15905. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815905D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15905. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5490266. PMID 28653670.
Woods, Thomas N.; Eden, Thomas; Eparvier, Francis G.; Jones, Andrew R.; Woodraska, Donald L.; Chamberlin, Phillip C.; Machol, Janet L. (Nov. 2024). "GOES-R Series X-Ray Sensor (XRS): 1. Design and Pre-Flight Calibration". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 129 (11) e2024JA032925. Bibcode:2024JGRA..12932925W. doi:10.1029/2024JA032925. ISSN 2169-9380. PMC 11582350. PMID 39582923. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Kusano, Kanya; Iju, Tomoya; Bamba, Yumi; Inoue, Satoshi (July 31, 2020). "A physics-based method that can predict imminent large solar flares". Science. 369 (6503): 587–591. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..587K. doi:10.1126/science.aaz2511. PMID 32732427.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Druett, Malcolm; Scullion, Eamon; Zharkova, Valentina; Matthews, Sarah; Zharkov, Sergei; Rouppe Van der Voort, Luc (27 June 2017). "Beam electrons as a source of Hα flare ribbons". Nature Communications. 8 (1) 15905. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815905D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15905. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5490266. PMID 28653670.
Woods, Thomas N.; Eden, Thomas; Eparvier, Francis G.; Jones, Andrew R.; Woodraska, Donald L.; Chamberlin, Phillip C.; Machol, Janet L. (Nov. 2024). "GOES-R Series X-Ray Sensor (XRS): 1. Design and Pre-Flight Calibration". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 129 (11) e2024JA032925. Bibcode:2024JGRA..12932925W. doi:10.1029/2024JA032925. ISSN 2169-9380. PMC 11582350. PMID 39582923. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; English: 1,046^th place)

wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp

Morimoto, Tarou; Kurokawa, Hiroki (31 May 2002). Effects of Magnetic and Gravity forces on the Acceleration of Solar Filaments and Coronal Mass Ejections (PDF). 地球惑星科学関連学会2002年合同大会 2002 Joint Conference of Earth and Planetary Science Related Societies (in Japanese). Tokyo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2009.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

swpc.noaa.gov

"Solar Flares (Radio Blackouts)". NOAA/NWS Space Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"NOAA Space Weather Scales". NOAA/NWS Space Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
"Space Weather Glossary". NOAA/NWS Space Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
"Forecasts". NOAA/NWS Space Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

sxi.ngdc.noaa.gov

"Extreme Space Weather Events". National Geophysical Data Center. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Carrington, R. C. (November 1859). "Description of a Singular Appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 20: 13–15. Bibcode:1859MNRAS..20...13C. doi:10.1093/mnras/20.1.13.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

Holman, Gordon D. (1 April 2006). "The Mysterious Origins of Solar Flares". Scientific American. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Fletcher, L.; Dennis, B. R.; Hudson, H. S.; Krucker, S.; Phillips, K.; Veronig, A.; Battaglia, M.; Bone, L.; Caspi, A.; Chen, Q.; Gallagher, P.; Grigis, P. T.; Ji, H.; Liu, W.; Milligan, R. O.; Temmer, M. (September 2011). "An Observational Overview of Solar Flares" (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 159 (1–4): 19–106. arXiv:1109.5932. Bibcode:2011SSRv..159...19F. doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9701-8. S2CID 21203102.
Tandberg-Hanssen, E.; Martin, Sara F.; Hansen, Richard T. (March 1980). "Dynamics of flare sprays". Solar Physics. 65 (2): 357–368. Bibcode:1980SoPh...65..357T. doi:10.1007/BF00152799. ISSN 0038-0938. S2CID 122385884.
Livshits, M. A.; Urnov, A. M.; Goryaev, F. F.; Kashapova, L. K.; Grigor'eva, I. Yu.; Kal'tman, T. I. (October 2011). "Physics of post-eruptive solar arcades: Interpretation of RATAN-600 and STEREO spacecraft observations". Astronomy Reports. 55 (10): 918–927. Bibcode:2011ARep...55..918L. doi:10.1134/S1063772911100064. S2CID 121487634. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
Grechnev, V. V.; Kuzin, S. V.; Urnov, A. M.; Zhitnik, I. A.; Uralov, A. M.; Bogachev, S. A.; Livshits, M. A.; Bugaenko, O. I.; Zandanov, V. G.; Ignat'ev, A. P.; Krutov, V. V.; Oparin, S. N.; Pertsov, A. A.; Slemzin, V. A.; Chertok, I. M.; Stepanov, A. I. (July 2006). "Long-lived hot coronal structures observed with CORONAS-F/SPIRIT in the Mg XII line". Solar System Research. 40 (4): 286–293. Bibcode:2006SoSyR..40..286G. doi:10.1134/S0038094606040046. S2CID 121291767. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
Savage, Sabrina L.; McKenzie, David E. (1 May 2011). "Quantitative Examination of a Large Sample of Supra-Arcade Downflows in Eruptive Solar Flares". The Astrophysical Journal. 730 (2): 98. arXiv:1101.1540. Bibcode:2011ApJ...730...98S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/730/2/98. S2CID 119273860.
Rieger, E.; Share, G. H.; Forrest, D. J.; Kanbach, G.; Reppin, C.; Chupp, E. L. (1984). "A 154-day periodicity in the occurrence of hard solar flares?". Nature. 312 (5995): 623–625. Bibcode:1984Natur.312..623R. doi:10.1038/312623a0. S2CID 4348672.
Reep, Jeffrey W.; Knizhnik, Kalman J. (3 April 2019). "What Determines the X-Ray Intensity and Duration of a Solar Flare?". The Astrophysical Journal. 874 (2): 157. arXiv:1903.10564. Bibcode:2019ApJ...874..157R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0ae7. S2CID 85517195.
Reep, Jeffrey W.; Barnes, Will T. (October 2021). "Forecasting the Remaining Duration of an Ongoing Solar Flare". Space Weather. 19 (10) e2021SW002754. arXiv:2103.03957. Bibcode:2021SpWea..1902754R. doi:10.1029/2021SW002754. S2CID 237709521.
Curto, Juan José (2020). "Geomagnetic solar flare effects: a review". Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 10: 27. Bibcode:2020JSWSC..10...27C. doi:10.1051/swsc/2020027. S2CID 226442270.
Cliver, E. W.; Svalgaard, L. (October 2004). "The 1859 Solar–Terrestrial Disturbance And the Current Limits of Extreme Space Weather Activity". Solar Physics. 224 (1–2): 407–422. Bibcode:2004SoPh..224..407C. doi:10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z. S2CID 120093108.
Kaufmann, Pierre; Raulin, Jean-Pierre; de Castro, C. G. Gimnez; Levato, Hugo; Gary, Dale E.; Costa, Joaquim E. R.; Marun, Adolfo; Pereyra, Pablo; Silva, Adriana V. R.; Correia, Emilia (10 March 2004). "A New Solar Burst Spectral Component Emitting Only in the Terahertz Range". The Astrophysical Journal. 603 (2): L121–L124. Bibcode:2004ApJ...603L.121K. doi:10.1086/383186. S2CID 54878789.
Wheatland, M. S. (2008). "A Bayesian approach to solar flare prediction". The Astrophysical Journal. 609 (2): 1134–1139. arXiv:astro-ph/0403613. Bibcode:2004ApJ...609.1134W. doi:10.1086/421261. S2CID 10273389.

sonoma.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

phys-astro.sonoma.edu

"Grote Reber | Department of Physics & Astronomy at Sonoma State University". phys-astro.sonoma.edu. 1911-12-22. Retrieved 2025-06-30.

spaceref.com (Global: 8,788^th place; English: 7,679^th place)

"Biggest ever solar flare was even bigger than thought | SpaceRef – Your Space Reference". SpaceRef. 2004-03-15. Retrieved May 21, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Tandberg-Hanssen, E.; Martin, Sara F.; Hansen, Richard T. (March 1980). "Dynamics of flare sprays". Solar Physics. 65 (2): 357–368. Bibcode:1980SoPh...65..357T. doi:10.1007/BF00152799. ISSN 0038-0938. S2CID 122385884.
Livshits, M. A.; Urnov, A. M.; Goryaev, F. F.; Kashapova, L. K.; Grigor'eva, I. Yu.; Kal'tman, T. I. (October 2011). "Physics of post-eruptive solar arcades: Interpretation of RATAN-600 and STEREO spacecraft observations". Astronomy Reports. 55 (10): 918–927. Bibcode:2011ARep...55..918L. doi:10.1134/S1063772911100064. S2CID 121487634. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
Grechnev, V. V.; Kuzin, S. V.; Urnov, A. M.; Zhitnik, I. A.; Uralov, A. M.; Bogachev, S. A.; Livshits, M. A.; Bugaenko, O. I.; Zandanov, V. G.; Ignat'ev, A. P.; Krutov, V. V.; Oparin, S. N.; Pertsov, A. A.; Slemzin, V. A.; Chertok, I. M.; Stepanov, A. I. (July 2006). "Long-lived hot coronal structures observed with CORONAS-F/SPIRIT in the Mg XII line". Solar System Research. 40 (4): 286–293. Bibcode:2006SoSyR..40..286G. doi:10.1134/S0038094606040046. S2CID 121291767. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
Aschwanden, Markus J. (2011). Self-Organized Criticality in Astrophysics: The Statistics of Nonlinear Processes in the Universe. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15001-2. ISBN 978-3-642-15001-2.

stce.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The duration of solar flares". Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence. Retrieved 18 April 2022.

swsc-journal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Curto, Juan José (2020). "Geomagnetic solar flare effects: a review". Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 10: 27. Bibcode:2020JSWSC..10...27C. doi:10.1051/swsc/2020027. S2CID 226442270.
Cliver, Edward W.; Dietrich, William F. (4 April 2013). "The 1859 space weather event revisited: limits of extreme activity" (PDF). J. Space Weather Space Clim. 3: A31. Bibcode:2013JSWSC...3A..31C. doi:10.1051/swsc/2013053. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
Curto, Juan José; Castell, Josep; Moral, Ferran Del (2016). "Sfe: waiting for the big one". Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 6: A23. Bibcode:2016JSWSC...6A..23C. doi:10.1051/swsc/2016018. ISSN 2115-7251.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Morimoto, Tarou; Kurokawa, Hiroki (31 May 2002). Effects of Magnetic and Gravity forces on the Acceleration of Solar Filaments and Coronal Mass Ejections (PDF). 地球惑星科学関連学会2002年合同大会 2002 Joint Conference of Earth and Planetary Science Related Societies (in Japanese). Tokyo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
"Extreme Space Weather Events". National Geophysical Data Center. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
Bell, Trudy E.; Phillips, Tony (6 May 2008). "A Super Solar Flare". Science News. NASA Science. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
Woods, Tom. "Solar Flares" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2019.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke; Glesener, Lindsay; Krucker, Säm; Christe, Steven; Buitrago-Casas, Juan Camilo; Narukage, Noriyuki; Vievering, Juliana (2017). "Detection of nanoflare-heated plasma in the solar corona by the FOXSI-2 sounding rocket". Nature Astronomy. 1 (11): 771–774. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..771I. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0269-z. ISSN 2397-3366.
Tandberg-Hanssen, E.; Martin, Sara F.; Hansen, Richard T. (March 1980). "Dynamics of flare sprays". Solar Physics. 65 (2): 357–368. Bibcode:1980SoPh...65..357T. doi:10.1007/BF00152799. ISSN 0038-0938. S2CID 122385884.
Ryan, James M.; Lee, Martin A. (1991-02-01). "On the Transport and Acceleration of Solar Flare Particles in a Coronal Loop". The Astrophysical Journal. 368: 316. Bibcode:1991ApJ...368..316R. doi:10.1086/169695. ISSN 0004-637X.
Druett, Malcolm; Scullion, Eamon; Zharkova, Valentina; Matthews, Sarah; Zharkov, Sergei; Rouppe Van der Voort, Luc (27 June 2017). "Beam electrons as a source of Hα flare ribbons". Nature Communications. 8 (1) 15905. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815905D. doi:10.1038/ncomms15905. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5490266. PMID 28653670.
Woods, Thomas N.; Eden, Thomas; Eparvier, Francis G.; Jones, Andrew R.; Woodraska, Donald L.; Chamberlin, Phillip C.; Machol, Janet L. (Nov. 2024). "GOES-R Series X-Ray Sensor (XRS): 1. Design and Pre-Flight Calibration". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 129 (11) e2024JA032925. Bibcode:2024JGRA..12932925W. doi:10.1029/2024JA032925. ISSN 2169-9380. PMC 11582350. PMID 39582923. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Curto, Juan José; Castell, Josep; Moral, Ferran Del (2016). "Sfe: waiting for the big one". Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 6: A23. Bibcode:2016JSWSC...6A..23C. doi:10.1051/swsc/2016018. ISSN 2115-7251.

Solar flare (English Wikipedia)

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