Soviet space program (English Wikipedia)

Zander's 1925 paper, “Problems of flight by jet propulsion: interplanetary flights,” was translated by NASA. See NASA Technical Translation F-147 (1964); specifically, Section 7: Flight Around a Planet's Satellite for Accelerating or Decelerating Spaceship, pp. 290–292.
James E Oberg (1981). Red Star in Orbit. Random House. ISBN 978-0394514291.

astronautix.com

"Vladimir Nikolayevich". astronautix. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
"LEK Lunar Expeditionary Complex". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
"DLB Module". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Ed Grondine. "Polyus". Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2009.

astronomy.com

"Behind the Iron Curtain: The Soviet Venera program". August 26, 2020.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Media Reports | Soviet rocket blast left 48 dead". BBC News. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Zak, Anatoly (November 20, 2008). "Buran – the Soviet space shuttle". BBC.

bbc.co.uk

Rincon, Paul; Lachmann, Michael (October 13, 2014). "The First Spacewalk How the first human to take steps in outer space nearly didn't return to Earth". BBC News. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.

books.google.com

Reichl, Eugen (2019). The Soviet Space Program: The Lunar Mission Years: 1959–1976. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, Limited. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-7643-5675-9. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
Andrews, James T.; Siddiqi, Asif A. (2011). Into the Cosmos: Space Exploration and Soviet Culture. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-8229-7746-9. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Sheehan, Michael (2007). The international politics of space. London: Routledge. pp. 59–61. ISBN 978-0-415-39917-3.
Burgess, Colin; Hall, Rex (2008). The first Soviet cosmonaut team: their lives, legacy, and historical impact. Berlin: Springer. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-387-84823-5.
Pobedonostsev, Yuri A. (1977). "On the History of the Development of Solid-Propellant Rockets in the Soviet Union". NASA Conference Publication. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office: 59–63.
Asif Azam Siddiqi (2000). Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974. NASA. p. 94. ISBN 9780160613050.

buran.ru

Konstantin Lantratov. "Звёздные войны, которых не было" [Star Wars that didn't happen].

buran.su

"Buran Space Shuttle vs STS – Comparison". www.buran.su. Retrieved February 22, 2021.

cnn.com

"Famous firsts in space". CNN. Cable News Network. April 9, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2022.

defencyclopedia.com

"Greatest World War II Weapons : The Fearsome Katyusha Rocket Launcher". Defencyclopidea. February 20, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2022.

doi.org

Okninski, Adam (December 2021). "Hybrid rocket propulsion technology for space transportation revisited – propellant solutions and challenges". FirePhysChem. 1 (4): 260–271. Bibcode:2021FPhCh...1..260O. doi:10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.015. S2CID 244899773.

fas.org

spp.fas.org

"The Soviet Manned Lunar Program".

groundzerobooksltd.com

"Postal Stationery Russia Airmail Envelope with Depiction of the Earth Being Orbited and Four Gold Stars". groundzerobooksltd.com. Retrieved August 18, 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Okninski, Adam (December 2021). "Hybrid rocket propulsion technology for space transportation revisited – propellant solutions and challenges". FirePhysChem. 1 (4): 260–271. Bibcode:2021FPhCh...1..260O. doi:10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.015. S2CID 244899773.

hobby.ru

space.hobby.ru

"Йепхл Юкхебхв Йепхлнб". Space.hobby.ru (in Russian). Retrieved January 19, 2016.

institut-rabe.de

Hebestreit, Gunther. "Geheimoperation OSSAWIAKIM: Die Verschleppung deutscher Raketenwissenschaftler in die Sowjetunion" [Secret operation Ossawiakim: The relocation of German rocket scientists into the Soviet Union]. Förderverein Institut RaBe e.V. Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2022. An order from Moscow was read to the people who had been awakened from their sleep, in which they were informed that the Zentralwerke were to be relocated to the Soviet Union, which affected both the facilities and equipment and the personnel.

jamesoberg.com

"James Oberg's Pioneering Space". www.jamesoberg.com. Retrieved May 1, 2021.

khanacademy.org

"The start of the Space Race (article)". Khan Academy. October 1, 1958. Retrieved March 8, 2022.

mediaoutlet.com

"Russian Right Stuff DVD Set Space Program Secret History 2 Discs". mediaoutlet.com. Retrieved August 18, 2021.

mentallandscape.com

"Plumbing the Atmosphere of Venus". mentallandscape.com. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
"Drilling into the Surface of Venus". mentallandscape.com. Retrieved November 19, 2024.

nasa.gov

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Luna 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 3". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 9". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 10". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 12". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 3". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 3 photography". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 13". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 5". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 7". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Zond 8". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 15". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 16". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 17". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Luna 20". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 7". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 8". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 9". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 9 descent craft". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venus - Venera 10 Lander". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 11 descent craft". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 13". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Venera 14". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Vega 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Vega 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Mars 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Mars 3". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Mars 5". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Mars 4". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Salyut 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Salyut 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
"Salyut 7". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.

nasa.gov

Chertok 2005, pp. 9–10, 164–165 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Brian Dunbar (April 19, 2021). "50 Years Ago: Launch of Salyut, the World's First Space Station". NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
Chertok 2005, p. 164 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, p. 165 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, p. 166 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, p. 167 vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, pp. 167–168 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, p. 207 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, pp. 174, 207 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, pp. 215–369 Vol 1. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Chertok 2005, pp. 43–71 Vol 2. Chertok, Boris (January 31, 2005). Rockets and People (Volumes 1–4 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
"NASA – Vladimir Komarov and Soyuz 1". Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
"50 Years Ago: Zond 4 launched successfully. - NASA". March 6, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
"50 Years Ago: Launch of Salyut, the World's First Space Station - NASA". April 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
Vladimir Komarov and Soyuz 1 Archived November 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, NASA

history.nasa.gov

Siddiqi, Asif Azam (2000). Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div. ISBN 9780160613050. Archived from the original on October 8, 2006. Retrieved May 22, 2022.

heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov

"The Venera 11 & 12 probes to Venus". heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved November 20, 2024.

solarsystem.nasa.gov

"In Depth | Vega 2". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved November 20, 2024.

sma.nasa.gov

Tragic Tangle, System Failure Case Studies, NASA

nbcnews.com

Windrem, Robert (February 11, 2008). "How the Soviet space shuttle fizzled". NBC News. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

nytimes.com

Schmemann, Serge (October 12, 1983). "Soyuz Accident Quietly Conceded". New York Times. United States. Retrieved April 20, 2022.

ohiolink.edu

ebooks.ohiolink.edu

"OhioLINK Institution Selection". Ebooks.ohiolink.edu. Retrieved January 19, 2016.

popularmechanics.com

"The Hidden History of the Soviet Satellite-Killer". Popular Mechanics. November 1, 2013. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
"50 Years Later, the Soviet Union's Luna Program Might Get a Reboot". Popular Mechanics. July 18, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
Zak, Anatoly (November 19, 2013). "Did the USSR Build a Better Space Shuttle?". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved February 22, 2021.

prezi.com

"The Soviet Space Program by Eric Mariscal". Prezi.com. Retrieved March 8, 2022.

rbth.com

RBTH; Novosti, Yury Zaitsev, RIA (November 1, 2008). "The historic beginnings of the space arms race". Russia Beyond. Retrieved November 21, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

rmg.co.uk

"Space Race Timeline".

roscosmos.ru

http://www.roscosmos.ru/index.asp?Lang=ENG Archived October 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

rusconstitution.ru

"2 апреля 1955 года «Об образовании общесоюзного Министерства общего машиностроения СССР»". Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.

russianspaceweb.com

Zak, Anatoly. "Gas Dynamics Laboratory". Russian Space Web. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
"Tikhonravov, Mikhail Klavdievich". Russian Space Web. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
Zak, Anatoly. "Official decisions on the deportation of Germans". Russian Space Web. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
"Russia's early space stations (1969-1985)". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
"Salyut-3 (OPS-2) space station". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
"Buran reusable shuttle". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
Zak, Anatoly (February 5, 2013). "Planetary spacecraft". Russian Space Web. Retrieved May 13, 2016.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Okninski, Adam (December 2021). "Hybrid rocket propulsion technology for space transportation revisited – propellant solutions and challenges". FirePhysChem. 1 (4): 260–271. Bibcode:2021FPhCh...1..260O. doi:10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.015. S2CID 244899773.

si.edu

sirismm.si.edu

"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Brochures" (PDF). Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved May 21, 2022.

airandspace.si.edu

"The First Space Stations". airandspace.si.edu. August 15, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2024.

skyatnightmagazine.com

"A history of the search for life on Venus". www.skyatnightmagazine.com. September 14, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2024.

smithsonianmag.com

Asif Siddiqi (June 2019). "Why the Soviets Lost the Moon Race". smithsonianmag.com. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved March 3, 2023.

space.com

Adam Mann (July 28, 2020). "The Vostok Program: The Soviet's first crewed spaceflight program". space.com. Future US, Inc. Retrieved March 3, 2023.

spacewar.com

"The Historic Beginnings Of The Space Arms Race". www.spacewar.com. Retrieved November 21, 2024.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Dominic Phelan (2013). "Cold War Space Sleuths" (PDF). springer.com. Praxis Publishing. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.

tass.com

"TASS history".

theengineer.co.uk

"Late great engineers: Sergei Korolev – designated designer". The Engineer. June 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2022.

uoregon.edu

pages.uoregon.edu

"Surface of Venus". pages.uoregon.edu. Retrieved November 19, 2024.

usra.edu

lpi.usra.edu

Nicholas L. Johnson (1995). "The Soviet Reach for The Moon" (PDF). usra.edu. USRA. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2022.

washingtonpost.com

Joel Achenbach (January 3, 2012). "Spaceship Earth: The first photos". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

weaponsandwarfare.com

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web.archive.org

Полвека без Королёва, zavtra.ru. Archived 28 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
"2 апреля 1955 года «Об образовании общесоюзного Министерства общего машиностроения СССР»". Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
Вертикальная структура: как реорганизуется космическая отрасль России, АиФ. Archived 30 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
"Home | AIAA". Archived from the original on January 4, 2012.
Brian Dunbar (April 19, 2021). "50 Years Ago: Launch of Salyut, the World's First Space Station". NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
http://www.roscosmos.ru/index.asp?Lang=ENG Archived October 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
Hebestreit, Gunther. "Geheimoperation OSSAWIAKIM: Die Verschleppung deutscher Raketenwissenschaftler in die Sowjetunion" [Secret operation Ossawiakim: The relocation of German rocket scientists into the Soviet Union]. Förderverein Institut RaBe e.V. Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2022. An order from Moscow was read to the people who had been awakened from their sleep, in which they were informed that the Zentralwerke were to be relocated to the Soviet Union, which affected both the facilities and equipment and the personnel.
Siddiqi, Asif Azam (2000). Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div. ISBN 9780160613050. Archived from the original on October 8, 2006. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
"NASA – Vladimir Komarov and Soyuz 1". Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
Nicholas L. Johnson (1995). "The Soviet Reach for The Moon" (PDF). usra.edu. USRA. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
"LEK Lunar Expeditionary Complex". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
"DLB Module". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Dominic Phelan (2013). "Cold War Space Sleuths" (PDF). springer.com. Praxis Publishing. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
Rincon, Paul; Lachmann, Michael (October 13, 2014). "The First Spacewalk How the first human to take steps in outer space nearly didn't return to Earth". BBC News. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
Vladimir Komarov and Soyuz 1 Archived November 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, NASA
Ed Grondine. "Polyus". Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2009.

weebau.com

"GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya)". WEEBAU. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
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wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Resolution of the State Council of the Soviet Union of 14 November 1991 No. 13 (in Russian) – via Wikisource.

wilsoncenter.org

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Korolev, Sergei; Riabikov, Vasilii (2008). On Work to Create an Artificial Earth Satellite. Baturin.
M.K. Tikhonravov, Memorandum on an Artificial Earth Satellite, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, orig. May 26, 1954, Published in Raushenbakh, editor (1991), 5–15. Edited by Asif Siddiqi and translated by Gary Goldberg. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/165393

zavtra.ru

Полвека без Королёва, zavtra.ru. Archived 28 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine.