Speed of light (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Speed of light" in English language version.

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aps.org (Global: 1,503^rd place; English: 1,378^th place)

link.aps.org

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (6 January 2004). "Quantum information and relativity theory". Reviews of Modern Physics. 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 7481797.
Robertson, H. P. (1 July 1949). "Postulate versus Observation in the Special Theory of Relativity". Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 378–382. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..378R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.378. ISSN 0034-6861.

physics.aps.org

Voss, David (16 June 2011). "Single photons obey the speed limits". Physics: s88. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.243602. PMID 21770570. Retrieved 17 April 2025.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Penrose, R (2004). The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. Vintage Books. pp. 410–411. ISBN 978-0-679-77631-4. ... the most accurate standard for the metre is conveniently defined so that there are exactly 299792458 of them to the distance travelled by light in a standard second, giving a value for the metre that very accurately matches the now inadequately precise standard metre rule in Paris.
d'Inverno, R. (1992). Introducing Einstein's Relativity. Oxford University Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-19-859686-8.
Hartle, J. B. (2003). Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. pp. 52–59. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4.
Hartle, J. B. (2003). Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. p. 332. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4.
Taylor, E. F.; Wheeler, J. A. (1992). Spacetime Physics. W. H. Freeman. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-0-7167-2327-1.
Zhang, Y. Z. (1997). Special Relativity and Its Experimental Foundations. Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science. Vol. 4. World Scientific. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
See, for example:
- Sakurai, J. J. (1994). Tuan, S. F. (ed.). Modern Quantum Mechanics (Revised ed.). Addison-Wesley. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-201-53929-5.
- Panofsky, W. K. H.; Phillips, M. (1962). Classical Electricity and Magnetism. Addison-Wesley. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-201-05702-7. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
- "Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences" [Demonstration to the movement of light found by Mr. Römer of the Royal Academy of Sciences] (PDF). Journal des sçavans (in French): 233–236. 1676.
  Translated in "A demonstration concerning the motion of light, communicated from Paris, in the Journal des Sçavans, and here made English". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 12 (136): 893–895. 1677. Bibcode:1677RSPT...12..893.. doi:10.1098/rstl.1677.0024.
  Reproduced in Hutton, C.; Shaw, G.; Pearson, R., eds. (1809). "On the Motion of Light by M. Romer". The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from Their Commencement in 1665, in the Year 1800: Abridged. Vol. II. From 1673 to 1682. London: C. & R. Baldwin. pp. 397–398.
  The account published in Journal des sçavans was based on a report that Rømer read to the French Academy of Sciences in November 1676 (Cohen, 1940, p. 346).
- Duffett-Smith, P. (1988). Practical Astronomy with your Calculator. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-35699-2. Extract of page 62.
- Huygens, C. (1690). Traitée de la Lumière (in French). Pierre van der Aa. pp. 8–9.
- Darrigol, O. (2000). Electrodynamics from Ampére to Einstein. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850594-5.
- Miller, A. I. (1981). Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. Emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905–1911). Addison–Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-04679-3.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (6 January 2004). "Quantum information and relativity theory". Reviews of Modern Physics. 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 7481797.
See, for example:
- Abbott, B. P.; et al. (2017). "Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 848 (2): L13. arXiv:1710.05834. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..13A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.
- Ellis, G. F. R.; Uzan, J.-P. (2005). "'c' is the speed of light, isn't it?". American Journal of Physics. 73 (3): 240–227. arXiv:gr-qc/0305099. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..240E. doi:10.1119/1.1819929. S2CID 119530637. The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today.
- Mota, D. F. (2006). Variations of the Fine Structure Constant in Space and Time (PhD). arXiv:astro-ph/0401631. Bibcode:2004astro.ph..1631M.
- Uzan, J.-P. (2003). "The fundamental constants and their variation: observational status and theoretical motivations". Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 403. arXiv:hep-ph/0205340. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..403U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.403. S2CID 118684485.
- Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). "Quantum Gravity Phenomenology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
- Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K.; Nagel, M.; Kovalchuk, E. V.; Peters, A. (2009). "Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10⁻¹⁷ level". Physical Review D. 80 (100): 105011. arXiv:1002.1284. Bibcode:2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011. S2CID 118346408.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
- Liberati, S.; Sonego, S.; Visser, M. (2002). "Faster-than-c signals, special relativity, and causality". Annals of Physics. 298 (1): 167–185. arXiv:gr-qc/0107091. Bibcode:2002AnPhy.298..167L. doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6233. S2CID 48166.
- OPERA Collaboration (12 July 2012). "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2012 (10) 93. arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode:2012JHEP...10..093A. doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093. S2CID 17652398.
- See, for example:
  - Schaefer, B. E. (1999). "Severe limits on variations of the speed of light with frequency". Physical Review Letters. 82 (25): 4964–4966. arXiv:astro-ph/9810479. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4964S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4964. S2CID 119339066.
  - Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). "Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"BBC Look East at the speed of light". BBC Norfolk website. Retrieved 15 February 2010.

bipm.org (Global: 641^st place; English: 955^th place)

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), p. 112, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2021, retrieved 16 December 2021
"Resolution 1 of the 17th CGPM". BIPM. 1983. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
"Supplement 2014: Updates to the 8th edition (2006) of the SI Brochure" (PDF). The International System of Units. International Bureau of Weights and Measures: 14. 2014.
"Resolution 1 of the 15th CGPM". BIPM. 1967. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
"Resolution 6 of the 15th CGPM". BIPM. 1967. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
"Resolution 2 of the 15th CGPM". BIPM. 1975. Retrieved 9 September 2009.
"The "explicit-constant" formulation". BIPM. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014.

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; English: 544^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Bradley, J. (1729). "Account of a new discovered Motion of the Fix'd Stars". Philosophical Transactions. 35: 637–660.
Newton, I. (1704). "Prop. XI". Optiks. The text of Prop. XI is identical between the first (1704) and second (1719) editions.
Kirchhoff, G. (1857). "Über die Bewegung der Elektricität". Annalen der Physik. 178 (12): 529–244. Bibcode:1857AnP...178..529K. doi:10.1002/andp.18571781203.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P. (2007). Elementary and Intermediate Algebra: A Combined Course, Student Support Edition (4th illustrated ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-618-75354-3.
Moses Fayngold (2008). Special Relativity and How it Works (illustrated ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 497. ISBN 978-3-527-40607-4. Extract of page 497.
Albert Shadowitz (1988). Special Relativity (revised ed.). Courier Corporation. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-486-65743-1. Extract of page 79.
Stachel, J. J. (2002). Einstein from "B" to "Z" – Volume 9 of Einstein studies. Springer. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-8176-4143-6.
See, for example:
- Lide, D. R. (2004). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- See, for example:
  - Sydenham, P. H. (2003). "Measurement of length". In Boyes, W (ed.). Instrumentation Reference Book (3 ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7506-7123-1. ... if the speed of light is defined as a fixed number then, in principle, the time standard will serve as the length standard ...
  - Lawrie, I. D. (2002). "Appendix C: Natural units". A Unified Grand Tour of Theoretical Physics (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 540. ISBN 978-0-7503-0604-1.
  - Hsu, L. (2006). "Appendix A: Systems of units and the development of relativity theories". A Broader View of Relativity: General Implications of Lorentz and Poincaré Invariance (2 ed.). World Scientific. pp. 427–428. ISBN 978-981-256-651-5.
  - Sriranjan, B. (2004). "Postulates of the special theory of relativity and their consequences". The Special Theory to Relativity. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 20ff. ISBN 978-81-203-1963-9.
  - Lang, K. R. (1999). Astrophysical formulae (3 ed.). Birkhäuser. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-540-29692-8.
  - Hsu, J.-P.; Zhang, Y. Z. (2001). Lorentz and Poincaré Invariance. Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science. Vol. 8. World Scientific. pp. 543ff. ISBN 978-981-02-4721-8.
  - Quimby, R. S. (2006). Photonics and lasers: an introduction. John Wiley and Sons. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-471-71974-8.
  - Muga, J. G.; Mayato, R. S.; Egusquiza, I. L., eds. (2007). Time in Quantum Mechanics. Springer. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-540-73472-7.
  - Hernández-Figueroa, H. E.; Zamboni-Rached, M.; Recami, E. (2007). Localized Waves. Wiley Interscience. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-470-10885-7.
  - Harrison, E. R. (2003). Masks of the Universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-521-77351-5.
  - Sidharth, B. G. (2008). The Thermodynamic Universe. World Scientific. p. 134. ISBN 978-981-281-234-6.
  - Milonni, Peter W. (2004). Fast light, slow light and left-handed light. CRC Press. pp. 25 ff. ISBN 978-0-7503-0926-4.
  - de Podesta, M. (2002). Understanding the Properties of Matter. CRC Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-415-25788-6.
  - Milonni, P. W. (2004). Fast light, slow light and left-handed light. CRC Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7503-0926-4.
  - Parhami, B. (1999). Introduction to parallel processing: algorithms and architectures. Plenum Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-306-45970-2.
  - Imbs, D.; Raynal, Michel (2009). Malyshkin, V. (ed.). Software Transactional Memories: An Approach for Multicore Programming. 10th International Conference, PaCT 2009, Novosibirsk, Russia, 31 August – 4 September 2009. Springer. p. 26. ISBN 978-3-642-03274-5.
  - Hughes, Stephan (2012). Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens. ArtDeCiel Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-62050-961-6.
  - Vaughan, J. M. (1989). The Fabry-Perot interferometer. CRC Press. pp. 47, 384–391. ISBN 978-0-85274-138-2.
  - Weiner, John; Nunes, Frederico (2013). Light-Matter Interaction: Physics and Engineering at the Nanoscale (illustrated ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-856766-0. Extract of page 1.
  - Sarton, G. (1993). Ancient science through the golden age of Greece. Courier Dover. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-486-27495-9.
  - Ahmed, Sherif Sayed (2014). Electronic Microwave Imaging with Planar Multistatic Arrays. Logos Verlag Berlin. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-8325-3621-3. Extract of page 1
  - Lindberg, D. C. (1996). Roger Bacon and the origins of Perspectiva in the Middle Ages: a critical edition and English translation of Bacon's Perspectiva, with introduction and notes. Oxford University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-19-823992-5.
  - Lindberg, D. C. (1974). "Late Thirteenth-Century Synthesis in Optics". In Edward Grant (ed.). A source book in medieval science. Harvard University Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-674-82360-0.
  - Cajori, Florian (1922). A History of Physics in Its Elementary Branches: Including the Evolution of Physical Laboratories. Macmillan. p. 76.
  - See, for example:
    - Giordano, Nicholas J. (2009). College physics: reasoning and relationships. Cengage Learning. p. 787. ISBN 978-0-534-42471-8.
    - Consoli, Maurizio; Pluchino, Alessandro (2018). Michelson-Morley Experiments: An Enigma for Physics & The History of Science. World Scientific. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-9-813-27818-9. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
    - Taylor, E. F.; Wheeler, J. A. (1992). Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity (2 ed.). Macmillan. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-7167-2327-1.
    - Adams, S. (1997). Relativity: An Introduction to Space–Time Physics. CRC Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7484-0621-0. One peculiar consequence of this system of definitions is that any future refinement in our ability to measure $c$ will not change the speed of light (which is a defined number), but will change the length of the meter!
    - Rindler, W. (2006). Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-856731-8. Note that [...] improvements in experimental accuracy will modify the meter relative to atomic wavelengths, but not the value of the speed of light!

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). "Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Standish, E. M. (June 2004). "The Astronomical Unit now". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2004 (IAUC196): 163–179. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001365. ISSN 1743-9213.

cms-conferences.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

openaccess.cms-conferences.org

Parisi, Megan; Panontin, Tina; Wu, Shu-Chieh; Mctigue, Kaitlin; Vera, Alonso (2023). "Effects of Communication Delay on Human Spaceflight Missions". Human-Centered Aerospace Systems and Sustainability Applications. 98. AHFE Open Acces. doi:10.54941/ahfe1003920. ISBN 978-1-958651-74-2.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (6 January 2004). "Quantum information and relativity theory". Reviews of Modern Physics. 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 7481797.
See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). "E = mc²". American Journal of Physics. 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mendelson, K. S. (2006). "The story of c". American Journal of Physics. 74 (11): 995–997. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..995M. doi:10.1119/1.2238887. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). ""c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.
- Einstein, A. (1905). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper". Annalen der Physik (Submitted manuscript) (in German). 17 (10): 890–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. English translation: Perrett, W. Walker, J (ed.). "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". Fourmilab. Translated by Jeffery, G. B. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- Robertson, H. P. (1 July 1949). "Postulate versus Observation in the Special Theory of Relativity". Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 378–382. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..378R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.378. ISSN 0034-6861.
- Terrell, J. (1959). "Invisibility of the Lorentz Contraction". Physical Review. 116 (4): 1041–1045. Bibcode:1959PhRv..116.1041T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.116.1041.
- Penrose, R. (1959). "The Apparent Shape of a Relativistically Moving Sphere". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 55 (1): 137–139. Bibcode:1959PCPS...55..137P. doi:10.1017/S0305004100033776. S2CID 123023118.
- See, for example:
  - Abbott, B. P.; et al. (2017). "Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 848 (2): L13. arXiv:1710.05834. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..13A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.
  - Ellis, G. F. R.; Uzan, J.-P. (2005). "'c' is the speed of light, isn't it?". American Journal of Physics. 73 (3): 240–227. arXiv:gr-qc/0305099. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..240E. doi:10.1119/1.1819929. S2CID 119530637. The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today.
  - Uzan, J.-P. (2003). "The fundamental constants and their variation: observational status and theoretical motivations". Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 403. arXiv:hep-ph/0205340. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..403U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.403. S2CID 118684485.
  - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). "Quantum Gravity Phenomenology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
  - Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K.; Nagel, M.; Kovalchuk, E. V.; Peters, A. (2009). "Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10⁻¹⁷ level". Physical Review D. 80 (100): 105011. arXiv:1002.1284. Bibcode:2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011. S2CID 118346408.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  - Voss, David (16 June 2011). "Single photons obey the speed limits". Physics: s88. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.243602. PMID 21770570. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  - Shanchao Zhang; J. F. Chen; Chang Liu; M. M. T. Loy; G. K. L. Wong; Shengwang Du (16 June 2011). "Optical Precursor of a Single Photon" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 106 (243602): 243602. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106x3602Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.243602. PMID 21770570.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  - Liberati, S.; Sonego, S.; Visser, M. (2002). "Faster-than-c signals, special relativity, and causality". Annals of Physics. 298 (1): 167–185. arXiv:gr-qc/0107091. Bibcode:2002AnPhy.298..167L. doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6233. S2CID 48166.
  - See, for example:
    - Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). "Causality between conducting plates". Physics Letters B. 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.
    - Wynne, K. (2002). "Causality and the nature of information" (PDF). Optics Communications. 209 (1–3): 84–100. Bibcode:2002OptCo.209...85W. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01638-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009.
    - Rees, M. (1966). "The Appearance of Relativistically Expanding Radio Sources". Nature. 211 (5048): 468. Bibcode:1966Natur.211..468R. doi:10.1038/211468a0. S2CID 41065207.
    - Reich, Eugenie Samuel (2 April 2012). "Embattled neutrino project leaders step down". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10371. S2CID 211730430. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
    - OPERA Collaboration (12 July 2012). "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2012 (10) 93. arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode:2012JHEP...10..093A. doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093. S2CID 17652398.
    - See, for example:
      - Schaefer, B. E. (1999). "Severe limits on variations of the speed of light with frequency". Physical Review Letters. 82 (25): 4964–4966. arXiv:astro-ph/9810479. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4964S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4964. S2CID 119339066.
      - Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). "Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
      - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2009). "Astrophysics: Burst of support for relativity". Nature. 462 (7271): 291–292. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..291A. doi:10.1038/462291a. PMID 19924200. S2CID 205051022.
      - Toll, J. S. (1956). "Causality and the Dispersion Relation: Logical Foundations". Physical Review. 104 (6): 1760–1770. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104.1760T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1760.
      - Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). "Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.
      - See, for example:
        Hau, L. V.; Harris, S. E.; Dutton, Z.; Behroozi, C. H. (1999). "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas" (PDF). Nature. 397 (6720): 594–598. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..594V. doi:10.1038/17561. S2CID 4423307.
        See, for example:
        Chiao, R. Y. (1993). "Superluminal (but causal) propagation of wave packets in transparent media with inverted atomic populations". Physical Review A. 48 (1): R34 – R37. Bibcode:1993PhRvA..48...34C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.48.R34. PMID 9909684.
        Cherenkov, Pavel A. (1934). "Видимое свечение чистых жидкостей под действием γ-радиации" [Visible emission of pure liquids by action of γ radiation]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 2: 451. Reprinted: Cherenkov, P. A. (1967). "Видимое свечение чистых жидкостей под действием γ-радиации" [Visible emission of pure liquids by action of γ radiation]. Usp. Fiz. Nauk (in Russian). 93 (10): 385. doi:10.3367/ufnr.0093.196710n.0385., and in A. N. Gorbunov; E. P. Čerenkova, eds. (1999). Pavel Alekseyevich Čerenkov: Chelovek i Otkrytie [Pavel Alekseyevich Čerenkov: Man and Discovery] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 149–153.
        Buchanan, Mark (11 February 2015). "Physics in finance: Trading at the speed of light". Nature. 518 (7538): 161–163. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..161B. doi:10.1038/518161a. PMID 25673397.
        Parisi, Megan; Panontin, Tina; Wu, Shu-Chieh; Mctigue, Kaitlin; Vera, Alonso (2023). "Effects of Communication Delay on Human Spaceflight Missions". Human-Centered Aerospace Systems and Sustainability Applications. 98. AHFE Open Acces. doi:10.54941/ahfe1003920. ISBN 978-1-958651-74-2.
        Dickey, J. O.; et al. (July 1994). "Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program" (PDF). Science. 265 (5171): 482–490. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..482D. doi:10.1126/science.265.5171.482. PMID 17781305. S2CID 10157934.
        Standish, E. M. (February 1982). "The JPL planetary ephemerides". Celestial Mechanics. 26 (2): 181–186. Bibcode:1982CeMec..26..181S. doi:10.1007/BF01230883. S2CID 121966516.
        Berner, J. B.; Bryant, S. H.; Kinman, P. W. (November 2007). "Range Measurement as Practiced in the Deep Space Network" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 95 (11): 2202–2214. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2007.905128. S2CID 12149700.
        Cohen, I. B. (1940). "Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)". Isis. 31 (2): 327–379. doi:10.1086/347594. hdl:2027/uc1.b4375710. S2CID 145428377.
        "Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences" [Demonstration to the movement of light found by Mr. Römer of the Royal Academy of Sciences] (PDF). Journal des sçavans (in French): 233–236. 1676.
        Translated in "A demonstration concerning the motion of light, communicated from Paris, in the Journal des Sçavans, and here made English". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 12 (136): 893–895. 1677. Bibcode:1677RSPT...12..893.. doi:10.1098/rstl.1677.0024.
        Reproduced in Hutton, C.; Shaw, G.; Pearson, R., eds. (1809). "On the Motion of Light by M. Romer". The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from Their Commencement in 1665, in the Year 1800: Abridged. Vol. II. From 1673 to 1682. London: C. & R. Baldwin. pp. 397–398.
        The account published in Journal des sçavans was based on a report that Rømer read to the French Academy of Sciences in November 1676 (Cohen, 1940, p. 346).
        Standish, E. M. (June 2004). "The Astronomical Unit now". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2004 (IAUC196): 163–179. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001365. ISSN 1743-9213.
        Brumfiel, Geoff (14 September 2012). "The astronomical unit gets fixed". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11416. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 123424704.
        See, for example:
        Cooke, J.; Martin, M.; McCartney, H.; Wilf, B. (1968). "Direct determination of the speed of light as a general physics laboratory experiment". American Journal of Physics. 36 (9): 847. Bibcode:1968AmJPh..36..847C. doi:10.1119/1.1975166.
        Essen, L.; Gordon-Smith, A. C. (1948). "The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 194 (1038): 348–361. Bibcode:1948RSPSA.194..348E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0085. JSTOR 98293.
        Rosa, E. B.; Dorsey, N. E. (1907). "A new determination of the ratio of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic unit of electricity". Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards. 3 (6): 433. doi:10.6028/bulletin.070.
        Essen, L. (1947). "Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves". Nature. 159 (4044): 611–612. Bibcode:1947Natur.159..611E. doi:10.1038/159611a0. S2CID 4101717.
        Essen, L. (1950). "The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 204 (1077): 260–277. Bibcode:1950RSPSA.204..260E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1950.0172. JSTOR 98433. S2CID 121261770.
        Stauffer, R. H. (April 1997). "Finding the Speed of Light with Marshmallows". The Physics Teacher. 35 (4): 231. Bibcode:1997PhTea..35..231S. doi:10.1119/1.2344657. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
        Froome, K. D. (1958). "A New Determination of the Free-Space Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 247 (1248): 109–122. Bibcode:1958RSPSA.247..109F. doi:10.1098/rspa.1958.0172. JSTOR 100591. S2CID 121444888.
        Evenson, K. M.; et al. (1972). "Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements of the Methane-Stabilized Laser". Physical Review Letters. 29 (19): 1346–1349. Bibcode:1972PhRvL..29.1346E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.1346. S2CID 120300510.
        Boyer, C. B. (1941). "Early Estimates of the Velocity of Light". Isis. 33 (1): 24. doi:10.1086/358523. S2CID 145400212.
        Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (2009), "Galileo, measurement of the velocity of light, and the reaction times", Perception, 38 (8): 1251–1259, doi:10.1068/p6263, hdl:2318/132957, PMID 19817156, S2CID 11747908
        Buchwald, Jed; Yeang, Chen-Pang; Stemeroff, Noah; Barton, Jenifer; Harrington, Quinn (1 March 2021). "What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 75 (2): 125–171. doi:10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1. ISSN 1432-0657. S2CID 253895826.
        Michelson, A. A. (1927). "Measurement of the Velocity of Light Between Mount Wilson and Mount San Antonio". The Astrophysical Journal. 65: 1. Bibcode:1927ApJ....65....1M. doi:10.1086/143021.
        MacKay, R. H.; Oldford, R. W. (2000). "Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light". Statistical Science. 15 (3): 254–278. doi:10.1214/ss/1009212817. (click on "Historical background" in the table of contents)
        Gross, C. G. (1999). "The Fire That Comes from the Eye". Neuroscientist. 5: 58–64. doi:10.1177/107385849900500108. S2CID 84148912.
        Hamarneh, S. (1972). "Review: Hakim Mohammed Said, Ibn al-Haitham". Isis. 63 (1): 119. doi:10.1086/350861.
        Marshall, P. (1981). "Nicole Oresme on the Nature, Reflection, and Speed of Light". Isis. 72 (3): 357–374 [367–374]. doi:10.1086/352787. S2CID 144035661.
        Sakellariadis, Spyros (1982). "Descartes' Experimental Proof of the Infinite Velocity of Light and Huygens' Rejoinder". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 26 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/BF00348308. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133639. S2CID 118187860.
        Smith, A. Mark (1987). "Descartes's Theory of Light and Refraction: A Discourse on Method". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 77 (3): i–92. doi:10.2307/1006537. ISSN 0065-9746. JSTOR 1006537.
        Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). "Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times". Perception. 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156. S2CID 11747908.
        Guarnieri, M. (2015). "Two Millennia of Light: The Long Path to Maxwell's Waves". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 9 (2): 54–56, 60. Bibcode:2015IIEM....9b..54G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2015.2421754. S2CID 20759821.
        Kirchhoff, G. (1857). "Über die Bewegung der Elektricität". Annalen der Physik. 178 (12): 529–244. Bibcode:1857AnP...178..529K. doi:10.1002/andp.18571781203.
        Watson, E. C. (1 September 1957). "On the Relations between Light and Electricity". American Journal of Physics. 25 (6): 335–343. Bibcode:1957AmJPh..25..335W. doi:10.1119/1.1934460. ISSN 0002-9505.
        Michelson, A. A.; Morley, E. W. (1887). "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether". American Journal of Science. 34 (203): 333–345. doi:10.1366/0003702874447824. S2CID 98374065.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

See, for example:
- Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). "Causality between conducting plates". Physics Letters B. 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.

esa.int (Global: 1,482^nd place; English: 1,468^th place)

blogs.esa.int

Ormston, Thomas (8 May 2012). "Time delay between Mars and Earth – Mars Express". MARS EXPRESS ESA’s mission to the Red Planet. Retrieved 16 July 2024.

fourmilab.ch (Global: 8,613^th place; English: 6,778^th place)

Einstein, A. (1905). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper". Annalen der Physik (Submitted manuscript) (in German). 17 (10): 890–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. English translation: Perrett, W. Walker, J (ed.). "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". Fourmilab. Translated by Jeffery, G. B. Retrieved 27 November 2009.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

"Time is money when it comes to microwaves". Financial Times. 10 May 2013. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2014.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

"Time is money when it comes to microwaves". Financial Times. 10 May 2013. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2014.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Cohen, I. B. (1940). "Roemer and the first determination of the velocity of light (1676)". Isis. 31 (2): 327–379. doi:10.1086/347594. hdl:2027/uc1.b4375710. S2CID 145428377.
Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (2009), "Galileo, measurement of the velocity of light, and the reaction times", Perception, 38 (8): 1251–1259, doi:10.1068/p6263, hdl:2318/132957, PMID 19817156, S2CID 11747908
Foschi, Renato; Leone, Matteo (August 2009). "Galileo, Measurement of the Velocity of Light, and the Reaction Times". Perception. 38 (8): 1251–1259. doi:10.1068/p6263. hdl:2318/132957. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 19817156. S2CID 11747908.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (6 January 2004). "Quantum information and relativity theory". Reviews of Modern Physics. 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 7481797.
See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). "E = mc²". American Journal of Physics. 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mendelson, K. S. (2006). "The story of c". American Journal of Physics. 74 (11): 995–997. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..995M. doi:10.1119/1.2238887. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). ""c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.
- Einstein, A. (1905). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper". Annalen der Physik (Submitted manuscript) (in German). 17 (10): 890–921. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. English translation: Perrett, W. Walker, J (ed.). "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". Fourmilab. Translated by Jeffery, G. B. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- Robertson, H. P. (1 July 1949). "Postulate versus Observation in the Special Theory of Relativity". Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 378–382. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..378R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.378. ISSN 0034-6861.
- Terrell, J. (1959). "Invisibility of the Lorentz Contraction". Physical Review. 116 (4): 1041–1045. Bibcode:1959PhRv..116.1041T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.116.1041.
- Penrose, R. (1959). "The Apparent Shape of a Relativistically Moving Sphere". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 55 (1): 137–139. Bibcode:1959PCPS...55..137P. doi:10.1017/S0305004100033776. S2CID 123023118.
- See, for example:
  - Abbott, B. P.; et al. (2017). "Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 848 (2): L13. arXiv:1710.05834. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..13A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.
  - Ellis, G. F. R.; Uzan, J.-P. (2005). "'c' is the speed of light, isn't it?". American Journal of Physics. 73 (3): 240–227. arXiv:gr-qc/0305099. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..240E. doi:10.1119/1.1819929. S2CID 119530637. The possibility that the fundamental constants may vary during the evolution of the universe offers an exceptional window onto higher dimensional theories and is probably linked with the nature of the dark energy that makes the universe accelerate today.
  - Mota, D. F. (2006). Variations of the Fine Structure Constant in Space and Time (PhD). arXiv:astro-ph/0401631. Bibcode:2004astro.ph..1631M.
  - Uzan, J.-P. (2003). "The fundamental constants and their variation: observational status and theoretical motivations". Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 403. arXiv:hep-ph/0205340. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..403U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.403. S2CID 118684485.
  - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2013). "Quantum Gravity Phenomenology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 16 (1): 5. arXiv:0806.0339. Bibcode:2013LRR....16....5A. doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-5. PMC 5255913. PMID 28179844.
  - Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K.; Nagel, M.; Kovalchuk, E. V.; Peters, A. (2009). "Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10⁻¹⁷ level". Physical Review D. 80 (100): 105011. arXiv:1002.1284. Bibcode:2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011. S2CID 118346408.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  - Shanchao Zhang; J. F. Chen; Chang Liu; M. M. T. Loy; G. K. L. Wong; Shengwang Du (16 June 2011). "Optical Precursor of a Single Photon" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 106 (243602): 243602. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106x3602Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.243602. PMID 21770570.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  - Liberati, S.; Sonego, S.; Visser, M. (2002). "Faster-than-c signals, special relativity, and causality". Annals of Physics. 298 (1): 167–185. arXiv:gr-qc/0107091. Bibcode:2002AnPhy.298..167L. doi:10.1006/aphy.2002.6233. S2CID 48166.
  - See, for example:
    - Ben-Menahem, Shahar (November 1990). "Causality between conducting plates". Physics Letters B. 250 (1–2): 133–138. Bibcode:1990PhLB..250..133B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91167-A. OSTI 1449261.
    - Wynne, K. (2002). "Causality and the nature of information" (PDF). Optics Communications. 209 (1–3): 84–100. Bibcode:2002OptCo.209...85W. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01638-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009.
    - Rees, M. (1966). "The Appearance of Relativistically Expanding Radio Sources". Nature. 211 (5048): 468. Bibcode:1966Natur.211..468R. doi:10.1038/211468a0. S2CID 41065207.
    - OPERA Collaboration (12 July 2012). "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2012 (10) 93. arXiv:1109.4897. Bibcode:2012JHEP...10..093A. doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093. S2CID 17652398.
    - See, for example:
      - Schaefer, B. E. (1999). "Severe limits on variations of the speed of light with frequency". Physical Review Letters. 82 (25): 4964–4966. arXiv:astro-ph/9810479. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4964S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4964. S2CID 119339066.
      - Adelberger, E.; Dvali, G.; Gruzinov, A. (2007). "Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
      - Amelino-Camelia, G. (2009). "Astrophysics: Burst of support for relativity". Nature. 462 (7271): 291–292. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..291A. doi:10.1038/462291a. PMID 19924200. S2CID 205051022.
      - Toll, J. S. (1956). "Causality and the Dispersion Relation: Logical Foundations". Physical Review. 104 (6): 1760–1770. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104.1760T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1760.
      - Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). "Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.
      - See, for example:
        Hau, L. V.; Harris, S. E.; Dutton, Z.; Behroozi, C. H. (1999). "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas" (PDF). Nature. 397 (6720): 594–598. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..594V. doi:10.1038/17561. S2CID 4423307.
        See, for example:
        Chiao, R. Y. (1993). "Superluminal (but causal) propagation of wave packets in transparent media with inverted atomic populations". Physical Review A. 48 (1): R34 – R37. Bibcode:1993PhRvA..48...34C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.48.R34. PMID 9909684.
        Buchanan, Mark (11 February 2015). "Physics in finance: Trading at the speed of light". Nature. 518 (7538): 161–163. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..161B. doi:10.1038/518161a. PMID 25673397.
        Dickey, J. O.; et al. (July 1994). "Lunar Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program" (PDF). Science. 265 (5171): 482–490. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..482D. doi:10.1126/science.265.5171.482. PMID 17781305. S2CID 10157934.
        Standish, E. M. (February 1982). "The JPL planetary ephemerides". Celestial Mechanics. 26 (2): 181–186. Bibcode:1982CeMec..26..181S. doi:10.1007/BF01230883. S2CID 121966516.
        "Demonstration tovchant le mouvement de la lumiere trouvé par M. Rŏmer de l'Académie Royale des Sciences" [Demonstration to the movement of light found by Mr. Römer of the Royal Academy of Sciences] (PDF). Journal des sçavans (in French): 233–236. 1676.
        Translated in "A demonstration concerning the motion of light, communicated from Paris, in the Journal des Sçavans, and here made English". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 12 (136): 893–895. 1677. Bibcode:1677RSPT...12..893.. doi:10.1098/rstl.1677.0024.
        Reproduced in Hutton, C.; Shaw, G.; Pearson, R., eds. (1809). "On the Motion of Light by M. Romer". The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from Their Commencement in 1665, in the Year 1800: Abridged. Vol. II. From 1673 to 1682. London: C. & R. Baldwin. pp. 397–398.
        The account published in Journal des sçavans was based on a report that Rømer read to the French Academy of Sciences in November 1676 (Cohen, 1940, p. 346).
        See, for example:
        Cooke, J.; Martin, M.; McCartney, H.; Wilf, B. (1968). "Direct determination of the speed of light as a general physics laboratory experiment". American Journal of Physics. 36 (9): 847. Bibcode:1968AmJPh..36..847C. doi:10.1119/1.1975166.
        Essen, L.; Gordon-Smith, A. C. (1948). "The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 194 (1038): 348–361. Bibcode:1948RSPSA.194..348E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0085. JSTOR 98293.
        Essen, L. (1947). "Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves". Nature. 159 (4044): 611–612. Bibcode:1947Natur.159..611E. doi:10.1038/159611a0. S2CID 4101717.
        Essen, L. (1950). "The Velocity of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves Derived from the Resonant Frequencies of a Cylindrical Cavity Resonator". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 204 (1077): 260–277. Bibcode:1950RSPSA.204..260E. doi:10.1098/rspa.1950.0172. JSTOR 98433. S2CID 121261770.
        Stauffer, R. H. (April 1997). "Finding the Speed of Light with Marshmallows". The Physics Teacher. 35 (4): 231. Bibcode:1997PhTea..35..231S. doi:10.1119/1.2344657. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
        Froome, K. D. (1958). "A New Determination of the Free-Space Velocity of Electromagnetic Waves". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 247 (1248): 109–122. Bibcode:1958RSPSA.247..109F. doi:10.1098/rspa.1958.0172. JSTOR 100591. S2CID 121444888.
        Evenson, K. M.; et al. (1972). "Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements of the Methane-Stabilized Laser". Physical Review Letters. 29 (19): 1346–1349. Bibcode:1972PhRvL..29.1346E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.1346. S2CID 120300510.
        Michelson, A. A. (1927). "Measurement of the Velocity of Light Between Mount Wilson and Mount San Antonio". The Astrophysical Journal. 65: 1. Bibcode:1927ApJ....65....1M. doi:10.1086/143021.
        Guarnieri, M. (2015). "Two Millennia of Light: The Long Path to Maxwell's Waves". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 9 (2): 54–56, 60. Bibcode:2015IIEM....9b..54G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2015.2421754. S2CID 20759821.
        Kirchhoff, G. (1857). "Über die Bewegung der Elektricität". Annalen der Physik. 178 (12): 529–244. Bibcode:1857AnP...178..529K. doi:10.1002/andp.18571781203.
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uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,153^rd place; English: 2,332^nd place)

sas.uwaterloo.ca

MacKay, R. H.; Oldford, R. W. (2000). "Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light". Statistical Science. 15 (3): 254–278. doi:10.1214/ss/1009212817. (click on "Historical background" in the table of contents)

virginia.edu (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 733^rd place)

galileo.phys.virginia.edu

Fowler, M. (March 2008). "Notes on Special Relativity" (PDF). University of Virginia. p. 56. Retrieved 7 May 2010.

galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu

Fowler, M. "The Speed of Light". University of Virginia. Retrieved 21 April 2010.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Gibbs, Philip (1997). "How is the speed of light measured?". The Physics and Relativity FAQ. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015.
Gibbs, P. (2004) [1997]. "Why is c the symbol for the speed of light?". Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2009. "The origins of the letter c being used for the speed of light can be traced back to a paper of 1856 by Weber and Kohlrausch [...] Weber apparently meant c to stand for 'constant' in his force law, but there is evidence that physicists such as Lorentz and Einstein were accustomed to a common convention that c could be used as a variable for velocity. This usage can be traced back to the classic Latin texts in which c stood for 'celeritas', meaning 'speed'."
International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), p. 112, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2021, retrieved 16 December 2021
Roberts, T.; Schleif, S. (2007). Dlugosz, J. M. (ed.). "What is the experimental basis of Special Relativity?". Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
Gibbs, P. (1997) [1996]. Carlip, S. (ed.). "Is The Speed of Light Constant?". Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. Archived from the original on 2 April 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
Gibbs, P. (1997). "Is Faster-Than-Light Travel or Communication Possible?". Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
Wynne, K. (2002). "Causality and the nature of information" (PDF). Optics Communications. 209 (1–3): 84–100. Bibcode:2002OptCo.209...85W. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01638-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009.
Cromie, William J. (24 January 2001). "Researchers now able to stop, restart light". Harvard University Gazette. Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
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Gibbs, P. (1997). "How is the speed of light measured?". Usenet Physics FAQ. University of California, Riverside. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
Sullivan, D. B. (2001). "Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements". In Lide, D. R. (ed.). A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology (PDF). CRC Press. pp. 191–193. ISBN 978-0-8493-1247-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2009.
Galilei, G. (1954) [1638]. Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences. Crew, H.; de Salvio A. (trans.). Dover Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-486-60099-4. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Lauginie, P. (2004). Measuring Speed of Light: Why? Speed of what? (PDF). Fifth International Conference for History of Science in Science Education. Keszthely, Hungary. pp. 75–84. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 1997). "James Clerk Maxwell". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
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"The "explicit-constant" formulation". BIPM. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (6 January 2004). "Quantum information and relativity theory". Reviews of Modern Physics. 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.76.93. ISSN 0034-6861. S2CID 7481797.
See, for example:
- Feigenbaum, Mitchell J.; Mermin, N. David (January 1988). "E = mc²". American Journal of Physics. 56 (1): 18–21. Bibcode:1988AmJPh..56...18F. doi:10.1119/1.15422. ISSN 0002-9505.
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- Pelosi, G.; Selleri, S. (December 2010). ""c" Utrum est ut Celeritas an Constantia? (Does "c" Stand for Speed or Constancy?)". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 52 (6): 207–219. Bibcode:2010IAPM...52..207P. doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723273. ISSN 1045-9243.
- Mermin, N. David (2005). It's About Time: Understanding Einstein's Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-691-12201-6. OCLC 57283944.
- Robertson, H. P. (1 July 1949). "Postulate versus Observation in the Special Theory of Relativity". Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 378–382. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..378R. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.378. ISSN 0034-6861.
- Ellis, George F. R.; Williams, Ruth M. (2000). Flat and Curved Space-times (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-19-850657-0. OCLC 44694623.
- Fayngold, Moses (2008). Special relativity and how it works. Physics textbook. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40607-4. OCLC 180478876.
- Wolf, Emil (2001). "Analyticity, Causality and Dispersion Relations". Selected Works of Emil Wolf: with commentary. River Edge, New Jersey: World Scientific. pp. 577–584. ISBN 978-981-281-187-5. OCLC 261134839.
- Libbrecht, K. G.; Libbrecht, M. W. (December 2006). "Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and refractive index in rubidium gas" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 74 (12): 1055–1060. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74.1055L. doi:10.1119/1.2335476. ISSN 0002-9505.
- Mack, Katie (2021). The End of Everything (Astrophysically Speaking). London: Penguin Books. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-141-98958-7. OCLC 1180972461.
- Standish, E. M. (June 2004). "The Astronomical Unit now". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2004 (IAUC196): 163–179. doi:10.1017/S1743921305001365. ISSN 1743-9213.
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- Buchwald, Jed; Yeang, Chen-Pang; Stemeroff, Noah; Barton, Jenifer; Harrington, Quinn (1 March 2021). "What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 75 (2): 125–171. doi:10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1. ISSN 1432-0657. S2CID 253895826.
- Sakellariadis, Spyros (1982). "Descartes' Experimental Proof of the Infinite Velocity of Light and Huygens' Rejoinder". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 26 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/BF00348308. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133639. S2CID 118187860.
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worldcat.org
- Fayngold, Moses (2008). Special relativity and how it works. Physics textbook. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40607-4. OCLC 180478876.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Michelson, A. A.; Morley, E. W. (1887). "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether". American Journal of Science. 34 (203): 333–345. doi:10.1366/0003702874447824. S2CID 98374065.

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