Sunspot (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Sunspot" in English language version.

Last modified: 04:31:33, 2 October 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

3432doi.org

2^nd place

3331adsabs.harvard.edu

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1311semanticscholar.org

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119web.archive.org

1^st place

76arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

77nih.gov

5^th place

55worldcat.org

4^th place

42aip.de

low place

32nasa.gov

12^th place

73^rd place

22springer.com

182^nd place

172^nd place

22reading.ac.uk

8,112^th place

4,877^th place

22noaa.gov

111^th place

78^th place

21howstuffworks.com

1,354^th place

958^th place

21aanda.org

2,832^nd place

2,956^th place

11spaceweatherlive.com

low place

11maths.org

low place

11ucar.edu

8,747^th place

6,863^rd place

11books.google.com

3^rd place

11iop.org

1,046^th place

1,608^th place

11spaceflightnow.com

2,331^st place

1,828^th place

11oma.be

low place

11grida.no

9,066^th place

low place

11aip.org

2,273^rd place

1,697^th place

11hamradioschool.com

low place

11arizona.edu

1,520^th place

1,044^th place

11swsc-journal.org

low place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

aanda.org (Global: 2,832^nd place; English: 2,956^th place)

Felipe, T.; Collados, M.; Khomenko, E.; Kuckein, C.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Balthasar, H.; Berkefeld, T.; Denker, C.; Feller, A.; Franz, M.; Hofmann, A.; Joshi, J.; Kiess, C.; Lagg, A.; Nicklas, H.; Orozco Suárez, D.; Pastor Yabar, A.; Rezaei, R.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, W.; Sigwarth, M.; Sobotka, M.; Solanki, S. K.; Soltau, D.; Staude, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Volkmer, R.; von der Lühe, O.; Waldmann, T. (December 2016). "Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 596: A59. arXiv:1611.04803. Bibcode:2016A&A...596A..59F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629586. S2CID 119419693. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Mossman, J. E. (1989). "1989QJRAS..30...59M Page 60". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 30: 59. Bibcode:1989QJRAS..30...59M. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
Xu Zhen-Tao (1980). "The hexagram "Feng" in "the book of changes" as the earliest written record of sunspot". Chinese Astronomy. 4 (4): 406. Bibcode:1980ChA.....4..406X. doi:10.1016/0146-6364(80)90034-1.
Stephenson, F. R.; Willis, D. M. (1999). "The earliest drawing of sunspots". Astronomy & Geophysics. 40 (6): 6.21 – 6.22. Bibcode:1999A&G....40f..21S. doi:10.1093/astrog/40.6.6.21. ISSN 1366-8781.
Vokhmyanin, M.; VArlt, R.; Zolotova, N. (10 March 2020). "Sunspot Positions and Areas from Observations by Thomas Harriot". Solar Physics. 295 (3): 39.1 – 39.11. Bibcode:2020SoPh..295...39V. doi:10.1007/s11207-020-01604-4. S2CID 216259048.
Vokhmyanin, M.; Zolotova, N. (5 February 2018). "Sunspot Positions and Areas from Observations by Galileo Galilei". Solar Physics. 293 (2): 31.1 – 31.21. Bibcode:2018SoPh..293...31V. doi:10.1007/s11207-018-1245-1. S2CID 126329839.
Hoyt, Douglas V.; Schatten, Kenneth H. (1 September 1995). "Overlooked sunspot observations by Hevelius in the early Maunder Minimum, 1653–1684". Solar Physics. 160 (2): 371–378. Bibcode:1995SoPh..160..371H. doi:10.1007/BF00732815. ISSN 1573-093X.
Love, Jeffrey J. (27 August 2013). "On the insignificance of Herschel's sunspot correlation". Geophysical Research Letters. 40 (16): 4171–4176. Bibcode:2013GeoRL..40.4171L. doi:10.1002/grl.50846. S2CID 1654166.
Felipe, T.; Collados, M.; Khomenko, E.; Kuckein, C.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Balthasar, H.; Berkefeld, T.; Denker, C.; Feller, A.; Franz, M.; Hofmann, A.; Joshi, J.; Kiess, C.; Lagg, A.; Nicklas, H.; Orozco Suárez, D.; Pastor Yabar, A.; Rezaei, R.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, W.; Sigwarth, M.; Sobotka, M.; Solanki, S. K.; Soltau, D.; Staude, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Volkmer, R.; von der Lühe, O.; Waldmann, T. (December 2016). "Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 596: A59. arXiv:1611.04803. Bibcode:2016A&A...596A..59F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629586. S2CID 119419693. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Schlichenmaier, R.; Rezaei, R.; Bello González, N.; Waldmann, T. A. (March 2010). "The formation of a sunspot penumbra". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L1. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...1S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014112.
Mathew, S. K.; Lagg, A.; Solanki, S. K.; Collados, M.; Borrero, J. M.; Berdyugina, S.; Krupp, N.; Woch, J.; Frutiger, C. (November 2003). "Three dimensional structure of a regular sunspot from the inversion of IR Stokes profiles". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 410 (2): 695–710. Bibcode:2003A&A...410..695M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031282.
Solanki, Sami K. (2003). "Sunspots: An Overview". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 11 (2–3): 153–286. Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..153S. doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0018-4.
Löptien, Björn; Lagg, Andrà; van Noort, Michiel; Solanki, Sami K. (2018). "Measuring the Wilson depression of sunspots using the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field vector". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 619 A42. arXiv:1808.06867. Bibcode:2018A&A...619A..42L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833571.
Solanki, Sami K. (1 April 2003). "Sunspots: An overview". Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 11 (2–3): 153–286. Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..153S. doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0018-4. S2CID 120721248.
Solanki, Sami K. (2003). "Sunspots: An Overview". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 11 (2–3): 153–286. Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..153S. doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0018-4.
Sobotka, Michal; Vazquez, Manuel; Bonet, Jose Antonio; Hanslmeier, Arnold; Hirzberger, Johann (20 January 1999). "Temporal Evolution of Fine Structures in and around Solar Pores" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 436–450. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..436S. doi:10.1086/306671. S2CID 121691780. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Hathaway, David H. (2015). "The Solar Cycle". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 12 (1) 4. arXiv:1502.07020. Bibcode:2015LRSP...12....4H. doi:10.1007/lrsp-2015-4. PMC 4841188. PMID 27194958.
Solanki, Sami K.; Krivova, Natalie A. (2006). "Solar variability of possible relevance for planetary climates". Space Science Reviews. 125 (1–4): 25–37. Bibcode:2006SSRv..125...25S. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9044-7.
Hale, G. E. (1908). "On the Probable Existence of a Magnetic Field in Sun-Spots". The Astrophysical Journal. 28: 315. Bibcode:1908ApJ....28..315H. doi:10.1086/141602.
Babcock, Horace W. (1961). "The topology of the Sun's magnetic field and the 22-year cycle". The Astrophysical Journal. 133 (2): 572–587. Bibcode:1961ApJ...133..572B. doi:10.1086/147060.
Solanki SK; Usoskin IG; Kromer B; Schüssler M; et al. (October 2004). "Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years". Nature. 431 (7012): 1084–1087. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1084S. doi:10.1038/nature02995. PMID 15510145. S2CID 4373732.
Le Mouël, Jean-Louis; Shnirman, Mikhail G.; Blanter, Elena M. (1 December 2007). "The 27-Day Signal in Sunspot Number Series and the Solar Dynamo". Solar Physics. 246 (2): 295–307. Bibcode:2007SoPh..246..295L. doi:10.1007/s11207-007-9065-8. ISSN 1573-093X.
Eddy J.A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851. PDF Copy Archived 16 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
Hudson H (2008). "Solar activity". Scholarpedia. 3 (3): 3967. Bibcode:2008SchpJ...3.3967H. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.3967.
Willson, R. C.; Gulkis, S.; Janssen, M.; Hudson, H. S.; Chapman, G. A. (1981). "Observations of solar irradiance variability". Science. 211 (4483): 700–702. Bibcode:1981Sci...211..700W. doi:10.1126/science.211.4483.700. PMID 17776650.
Kopp, G. (April 2014). "An assessment of the solar irradiance record for climate studies". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 4: A14. Bibcode:2014JSWSC...4A..14K. doi:10.1051/swsc/2014012.
Kopp, G. (July 2016). "Magnitudes and timescales of total solar irradiance variability". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 6: A30. arXiv:1606.05258. Bibcode:2016JSWSC...6A..30K. doi:10.1051/swsc/2016025. S2CID 55902879.
Lockwood, M.; Ball, W. (May 2020). "Placing limits on long-term variations in quiet-Sun irradiance and their contribution to total solar irradiance and solar radiative forcing of climate". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 476 (2238) 20200077. Bibcode:2020RSPSA.47600077L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0077. ISSN 1364-5021. PMC 7428030. PMID 32831591.
Jess, D. B., Jafarzadeh, S., Keys, P. H., Stangalini, M., Verth, G., Grant, S. D. T. (19 January 2023). "Waves in the lower solar atmosphere: the dawn of next-generation solar telescopes". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 20 (1) 1. Springer Nature. arXiv:2212.09788. Bibcode:2023LRSP...20....1J. doi:10.1007/s41116-022-00035-6.
Shibata, K., Magara, T. (15 December 2011). "Solar Flares: Magnetohydrodynamic Processes". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 8 (1). Springer International Publishing: 6. Bibcode:2011LRSP....8....6S. doi:10.12942/lrsp-2011-6. hdl:2433/153022.

articles.adsabs.harvard.edu

Mossman, J. E. (1989). "1989QJRAS..30...59M Page 60". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 30: 59. Bibcode:1989QJRAS..30...59M. Retrieved 27 June 2021.

adsabs.harvard.edu

"Letter to the Editor: Sunspot observations by Theophrastus revisited", and see Theophrastus' Fragment VI, De Signis Tempestatum, 11.4–5.

aip.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Strassmeier, K. G. (10 June 1999). "Smallest KPNO Telescope Discovers Biggest Starspots (press release 990610)". University of Vienna. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2008. starspots vary on the same (short) time scales as Sunspots do ... HD 12545 had a warm spot (350 K above photospheric temperature; the white area in the picture)
"Derived images showing rotation of cool and warm starspots". Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; English: 1,697^th place)

Weart, Spencer (2006). Weart, Spencer (ed.). "The Discovery of Global Warming – Changing Sun, Changing Climate?". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 17 June 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2007.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

bill.srnr.arizona.edu

Eddy J.A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851. PDF Copy Archived 16 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Felipe, T.; Collados, M.; Khomenko, E.; Kuckein, C.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Balthasar, H.; Berkefeld, T.; Denker, C.; Feller, A.; Franz, M.; Hofmann, A.; Joshi, J.; Kiess, C.; Lagg, A.; Nicklas, H.; Orozco Suárez, D.; Pastor Yabar, A.; Rezaei, R.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, W.; Sigwarth, M.; Sobotka, M.; Solanki, S. K.; Soltau, D.; Staude, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Volkmer, R.; von der Lühe, O.; Waldmann, T. (December 2016). "Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 596: A59. arXiv:1611.04803. Bibcode:2016A&A...596A..59F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629586. S2CID 119419693. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Löptien, Björn; Lagg, Andrà; van Noort, Michiel; Solanki, Sami K. (2018). "Measuring the Wilson depression of sunspots using the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field vector". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 619 A42. arXiv:1808.06867. Bibcode:2018A&A...619A..42L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833571.
Hathaway, David H. (2015). "The Solar Cycle". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 12 (1) 4. arXiv:1502.07020. Bibcode:2015LRSP...12....4H. doi:10.1007/lrsp-2015-4. PMC 4841188. PMID 27194958.
Owens, M.J.; et al. (October 2017). "The Maunder Minimum and the Little Ice Age: An update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 7: A25. arXiv:1708.04904. doi:10.1051/swsc/2017019. ISSN 2115-7251. S2CID 37433045.
Kopp, G. (July 2016). "Magnitudes and timescales of total solar irradiance variability". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 6: A30. arXiv:1606.05258. Bibcode:2016JSWSC...6A..30K. doi:10.1051/swsc/2016025. S2CID 55902879.
Jess, D. B., Jafarzadeh, S., Keys, P. H., Stangalini, M., Verth, G., Grant, S. D. T. (19 January 2023). "Waves in the lower solar atmosphere: the dawn of next-generation solar telescopes". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 20 (1) 1. Springer Nature. arXiv:2212.09788. Bibcode:2023LRSP...20....1J. doi:10.1007/s41116-022-00035-6.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Carlowicz, Michael J.; López, Ramón (2002). Storms from the Sun: The Emerging Science of Space Weather. Joseph Henry Press. pp. 1–382. ISBN 978-0-309-07642-5. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Xu Zhen-Tao (1980). "The hexagram "Feng" in "the book of changes" as the earliest written record of sunspot". Chinese Astronomy. 4 (4): 406. Bibcode:1980ChA.....4..406X. doi:10.1016/0146-6364(80)90034-1.
Stephenson, F. R.; Willis, D. M. (1999). "The earliest drawing of sunspots". Astronomy & Geophysics. 40 (6): 6.21 – 6.22. Bibcode:1999A&G....40f..21S. doi:10.1093/astrog/40.6.6.21. ISSN 1366-8781.
Vokhmyanin, M.; VArlt, R.; Zolotova, N. (10 March 2020). "Sunspot Positions and Areas from Observations by Thomas Harriot". Solar Physics. 295 (3): 39.1 – 39.11. Bibcode:2020SoPh..295...39V. doi:10.1007/s11207-020-01604-4. S2CID 216259048.
Vaquero, J.M.; Vázquez, M (2009). The Sun Recorded Through History: Scientific Data Extracted from Historical Documents vol. 361 of the series Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 361. Springer, New York. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92790-9. ISBN 978-0-387-92789-3.
Vokhmyanin, M.; Zolotova, N. (5 February 2018). "Sunspot Positions and Areas from Observations by Galileo Galilei". Solar Physics. 293 (2): 31.1 – 31.21. Bibcode:2018SoPh..293...31V. doi:10.1007/s11207-018-1245-1. S2CID 126329839.
Hoyt, Douglas V.; Schatten, Kenneth H. (1 September 1995). "Overlooked sunspot observations by Hevelius in the early Maunder Minimum, 1653–1684". Solar Physics. 160 (2): 371–378. Bibcode:1995SoPh..160..371H. doi:10.1007/BF00732815. ISSN 1573-093X.
Herschel, William (31 December 1801). "XIII. Observations tending to investigate the nature of the sun, in order to find the causes or symptoms of its variable emission of light and heat; with remarks on the use that may possibly be drawn from solar observations". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 91: 265–318. doi:10.1098/rstl.1801.0015. S2CID 122986696.
Love, Jeffrey J. (27 August 2013). "On the insignificance of Herschel's sunspot correlation". Geophysical Research Letters. 40 (16): 4171–4176. Bibcode:2013GeoRL..40.4171L. doi:10.1002/grl.50846. S2CID 1654166.
Pietrow, A.G.M. (2026). "A matter of class and flare: Flare productivity in solar active regions and power-law constraints on the flare frequency distribution". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 713: A39. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202660960.
Felipe, T.; Collados, M.; Khomenko, E.; Kuckein, C.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Balthasar, H.; Berkefeld, T.; Denker, C.; Feller, A.; Franz, M.; Hofmann, A.; Joshi, J.; Kiess, C.; Lagg, A.; Nicklas, H.; Orozco Suárez, D.; Pastor Yabar, A.; Rezaei, R.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, W.; Sigwarth, M.; Sobotka, M.; Solanki, S. K.; Soltau, D.; Staude, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Volkmer, R.; von der Lühe, O.; Waldmann, T. (December 2016). "Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 596: A59. arXiv:1611.04803. Bibcode:2016A&A...596A..59F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629586. S2CID 119419693. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Schlichenmaier, R.; Rezaei, R.; Bello González, N.; Waldmann, T. A. (March 2010). "The formation of a sunspot penumbra". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 512: L1. Bibcode:2010A&A...512L...1S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014112.
Mathew, S. K.; Lagg, A.; Solanki, S. K.; Collados, M.; Borrero, J. M.; Berdyugina, S.; Krupp, N.; Woch, J.; Frutiger, C. (November 2003). "Three dimensional structure of a regular sunspot from the inversion of IR Stokes profiles". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 410 (2): 695–710. Bibcode:2003A&A...410..695M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031282.
Solanki, Sami K. (2003). "Sunspots: An Overview". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 11 (2–3): 153–286. Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..153S. doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0018-4.
Löptien, Björn; Lagg, Andrà; van Noort, Michiel; Solanki, Sami K. (2018). "Measuring the Wilson depression of sunspots using the divergence-free condition of the magnetic field vector". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 619 A42. arXiv:1808.06867. Bibcode:2018A&A...619A..42L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833571.
Solanki, Sami K. (1 April 2003). "Sunspots: An overview". Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 11 (2–3): 153–286. Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..153S. doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0018-4. S2CID 120721248.
Solanki, Sami K. (2003). "Sunspots: An Overview". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 11 (2–3): 153–286. Bibcode:2003A&ARv..11..153S. doi:10.1007/s00159-003-0018-4.
Sobotka, Michal; Vazquez, Manuel; Bonet, Jose Antonio; Hanslmeier, Arnold; Hirzberger, Johann (20 January 1999). "Temporal Evolution of Fine Structures in and around Solar Pores" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 436–450. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..436S. doi:10.1086/306671. S2CID 121691780. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
Hathaway, David H. (2015). "The Solar Cycle". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 12 (1) 4. arXiv:1502.07020. Bibcode:2015LRSP...12....4H. doi:10.1007/lrsp-2015-4. PMC 4841188. PMID 27194958.
Solanki, Sami K.; Krivova, Natalie A. (2006). "Solar variability of possible relevance for planetary climates". Space Science Reviews. 125 (1–4): 25–37. Bibcode:2006SSRv..125...25S. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9044-7.
Hale, G. E. (1908). "On the Probable Existence of a Magnetic Field in Sun-Spots". The Astrophysical Journal. 28: 315. Bibcode:1908ApJ....28..315H. doi:10.1086/141602.
Babcock, Horace W. (1961). "The topology of the Sun's magnetic field and the 22-year cycle". The Astrophysical Journal. 133 (2): 572–587. Bibcode:1961ApJ...133..572B. doi:10.1086/147060.
Solanki SK; Usoskin IG; Kromer B; Schüssler M; et al. (October 2004). "Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years". Nature. 431 (7012): 1084–1087. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1084S. doi:10.1038/nature02995. PMID 15510145. S2CID 4373732.
Le Mouël, Jean-Louis; Shnirman, Mikhail G.; Blanter, Elena M. (1 December 2007). "The 27-Day Signal in Sunspot Number Series and the Solar Dynamo". Solar Physics. 246 (2): 295–307. Bibcode:2007SoPh..246..295L. doi:10.1007/s11207-007-9065-8. ISSN 1573-093X.
Eddy J.A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851. PDF Copy Archived 16 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
Owens, M.J.; et al. (October 2017). "The Maunder Minimum and the Little Ice Age: An update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 7: A25. arXiv:1708.04904. doi:10.1051/swsc/2017019. ISSN 2115-7251. S2CID 37433045.
Hudson H (2008). "Solar activity". Scholarpedia. 3 (3): 3967. Bibcode:2008SchpJ...3.3967H. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.3967.
Willson, R. C.; Gulkis, S.; Janssen, M.; Hudson, H. S.; Chapman, G. A. (1981). "Observations of solar irradiance variability". Science. 211 (4483): 700–702. Bibcode:1981Sci...211..700W. doi:10.1126/science.211.4483.700. PMID 17776650.
Kopp, G. (April 2014). "An assessment of the solar irradiance record for climate studies". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 4: A14. Bibcode:2014JSWSC...4A..14K. doi:10.1051/swsc/2014012.
Kopp, G. (July 2016). "Magnitudes and timescales of total solar irradiance variability". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 6: A30. arXiv:1606.05258. Bibcode:2016JSWSC...6A..30K. doi:10.1051/swsc/2016025. S2CID 55902879.
Lockwood, M.; Ball, W. (May 2020). "Placing limits on long-term variations in quiet-Sun irradiance and their contribution to total solar irradiance and solar radiative forcing of climate". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 476 (2238) 20200077. Bibcode:2020RSPSA.47600077L. doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0077. ISSN 1364-5021. PMC 7428030. PMID 32831591.
Jess, D. B., Jafarzadeh, S., Keys, P. H., Stangalini, M., Verth, G., Grant, S. D. T. (19 January 2023). "Waves in the lower solar atmosphere: the dawn of next-generation solar telescopes". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 20 (1) 1. Springer Nature. arXiv:2212.09788. Bibcode:2023LRSP...20....1J. doi:10.1007/s41116-022-00035-6.
Shibata, K., Magara, T. (15 December 2011). "Solar Flares: Magnetohydrodynamic Processes". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 8 (1). Springer International Publishing: 6. Bibcode:2011LRSP....8....6S. doi:10.12942/lrsp-2011-6. hdl:2433/153022.

grida.no (Global: 9,066^th place; English: low place)

"Solar Forcing of Climate". Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. Archived from the original on 15 March 2005. Retrieved 10 March 2005.

hamradioschool.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stu Turner. "Sunspots and Propagation". Ham Radio School.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2020.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Shibata, K., Magara, T. (15 December 2011). "Solar Flares: Magnetohydrodynamic Processes". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 8 (1). Springer International Publishing: 6. Bibcode:2011LRSP....8....6S. doi:10.12942/lrsp-2011-6. hdl:2433/153022.

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

science.howstuffworks.com

"Sun". HowStuffWorks. 22 April 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2013.

iop.org (Global: 1,046^th place; English: 1,608^th place)

iopscience.iop.org

Sobotka, Michal; Vazquez, Manuel; Bonet, Jose Antonio; Hanslmeier, Arnold; Hirzberger, Johann (20 January 1999). "Temporal Evolution of Fine Structures in and around Solar Pores" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 436–450. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..436S. doi:10.1086/306671. S2CID 121691780. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

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Sunspot (English Wikipedia)

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