Supercell (English Wikipedia)

kh (2009-05-26). "Goederentrein van de sporen geblazen in Lillo" [Packtrain blown from tracks in Lillo]. De Morgen (in Dutch). Belga. Retrieved 2011-08-22.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Browning, K.A.; F.H. Ludlum (Apr 1962). "Airflow in Convective Storms" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 88 (376): 117–35. Bibcode:1962QJRMS..88..117B. doi:10.1002/qj.49708837602. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-07.
Lemon, Leslie R.; C.A. Doswell (Sep 1979). "Severe Thunderstorm Evolution and Mesocyclone Structure as Related to Tornadogenesis". Mon. Wea. Rev. 107 (9): 1184–97. Bibcode:1979MWRv..107.1184L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1184:STEAMS>2.0.CO;2.
Lemon, Leslie R.; Doswell, Charles A. III (1979). "Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornadogenesis". Monthly Weather Review. 107 (9): 1184–1197. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1184:STEAMS>2.0.CO;2.
Shenk, W. E. (1974). "Cloud top height variability of strong convective cells". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 13 (8): 918–922. Bibcode:1974JApMe..13..917S. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1974)013<0917:cthvos>2.0.co;2.
Rasmussen, Erik N.; J. M. Straka (1998). "Variations in Supercell Morphology. Part I: Observations of the Role of Upper-Level Storm-Relative Flow". Mon. Wea. Rev. 126 (9): 2406–21. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.2406R. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2406:VISMPI>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 59128977.
Grant, Leah D.; S. C. van den Heever (2014). "Microphysical and Dynamical Characteristics of Low-Precipitation and Classic Supercells". J. Atmos. Sci. 71 (7): 2604–24. Bibcode:2014JAtS...71.2604G. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0261.1.
Brooks, Harold E.; C. A. Doswell; R. B. Wilhelmson (1994). "The Role of Midtropospheric Winds in the Evolution and Maintenance of Low-Level Mesocyclones". Mon. Wea. Rev. 122 (1): 126–36. Bibcode:1994MWRv..122..126B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0126:TROMWI>2.0.CO;2.
Bluestein, Howard B.; C. R. Parks (1983). "A Synoptic and Photographic Climatology of Low-Precipitation Severe Thunderstorms in the Southern Plains". Mon. Wea. Rev. 111 (10): 2034–46. Bibcode:1983MWRv..111.2034B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<2034:ASAPCO>2.0.CO;2.
Burgess, Donald W.; R. P. Davies-Jones (1979). "Unusual Tornadic Storms in Eastern Oklahoma on 5 December 1975". Mon. Wea. Rev. 107 (4): 451–7. Bibcode:1979MWRv..107..451B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<0451:UTSIEO>2.0.CO;2.
Bluestein, Howard B. (2008). "On the Decay of Supercells through a "Downscale Transition": Visual Documentation". Mon. Wea. Rev. 136 (10): 4013–28. Bibcode:2008MWRv..136.4013B. doi:10.1175/2008MWR2358.1.
Moller, Alan R.; C. A. Doswell; M. P. Foster; G. R. Woodall (1994). "The Operational Recognition of Supercell Thunderstorm Environments and Storm Structures". Weather Forecast. 9 (3): 324–47. Bibcode:1994WtFor...9..327M. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0327:TOROST>2.0.CO;2.
Zipser, E. J.; Cecil, Daniel J.; Liu, Chuntao; Nesbitt, Stephen W.; Yorty, David P. (2006-08-01). "Where Are the Most Intense Thunderstorms on Earth?". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 87 (8): 1057–1072. Bibcode:2006BAMS...87.1057Z. doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-8-1057. ISSN 0003-0007.
Brooks, Harold E; Lee, James W; Craven, Jeffrey P (2003). "The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data" (PDF). Atmospheric Research. European Conference on Severe Storms 2002. 67–68: abstract & 89–90. Bibcode:2003AtmRe..67...73B. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00045-0. ISSN 0169-8095. Retrieved 2025-05-15.
Candido, Daniel Henrique (2012). "Tornados e trombas-d'água no Brasil : modelo de risco e proposta de escala de avaliação de danos". Tornadoes and waterspouts in Brazil. T/UNICAMP C161t. Campinas, SP: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências. p. 236. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.901142. hdl:20.500.12733/1619415.
"File PDF". doi:10.31289/jiph.v6i2.2989.s278 (inactive 2 August 2025). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link)

ec.gc.ca (Global: 5,606^th place; English: 4,249^th place)

Elie Tornado Upgraded to Highest Level on Damage Scale, Archived at: Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

eswd.eu (Global: low place; English: 7,203^rd place)

"European Severe Weather Database". eswd.eu. Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2023-01-14.

eumetsat.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Overshooting Tops – Satellite-Based Detection Methods". EUMETSAT. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

frankdeboosere.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hamid, Karim; Buelens, Jurgen (September 2009). "De uitzonderlijke onweerssituatie van 25-26 mei 2009" [The exceptional situation of thunderstorms 25 to 26 May 2009] (PDF). Meteorologica (in Dutch). 18 (3). Nederlandse Vereniging van BeroepsMeteorologen: 4–10. Retrieved 2011-08-22.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Candido, Daniel Henrique (2012). "Tornados e trombas-d'água no Brasil : modelo de risco e proposta de escala de avaliação de danos". Tornadoes and waterspouts in Brazil. T/UNICAMP C161t. Campinas, SP: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências. p. 236. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.901142. hdl:20.500.12733/1619415.

historiasderojas.com.ar (Global: low place; English: low place)

"El huracán de 1816" [The "hurricane" of 1816]. historiasderojas.com.ar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-05-15.

jondavies.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Davies, Jonathan M. (Oct 1993). "Small Tornadic Supercells in the Central Plains". 17th Conf. Severe Local Storms. St. Louis, MO: American Meteorological Society. pp. 305–9. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17.

meteoiq.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brüning, Dennis (2021-04-30). "Tief "Andreas" - Heftige Hagelunwetter am 27. und 28. Juli 2013". MeteoIQ (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-14.

news.yahoo.com (Global: 183^rd place; English: 212^th place)

au.news.yahoo.com

"Obama offers solace in tornado-ravaged Oklahoma". AFP. May 27, 2013. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2013.

news24.com (Global: 1,057^th place; English: 583^rd place)

"113 hurt in Duduza tornado". News24. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

news9.com (Global: low place; English: 9,993^rd place)

"Victims Remembered 6 Months After May 20 Tornado". news9.com. KWTV-DT. November 20, 2013. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

crh.noaa.gov

"Louisville, KY". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
"1980 Grand Island Tornadoes". Crh.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2014-05-21.

srh.noaa.gov

"The Tornado Outbreak of May 20, 2013". Srh.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
"Central Oklahoma Tornadoes and Flash Flooding – May 31, 2013". National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 28, 2014. Archived from the original on 2013-06-03. Retrieved June 14, 2015.

nws.noaa.gov

"Hail spike". Glossary. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2010-03-03.

nssl.noaa.gov

E. Brooks, Harold (2006). "A Global View Of Severe Thunderstorms: Estimating The Current Distribution And Possible Future Changes" (PDF). American Meteorological Society: 3, 7, 9. Retrieved 2025-05-15.

passingparade-2009.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Whitaker, Dick (2009-06-28). "Dick's Blog: The Great Sydney Hailstorm of 1947". Dick's Blog. Retrieved 2019-06-28.

regionalclimateperspectives.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brooks, Harold E; Lee, James W; Craven, Jeffrey P (2003). "The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data" (PDF). Atmospheric Research. European Conference on Severe Storms 2002. 67–68: abstract & 89–90. Bibcode:2003AtmRe..67...73B. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00045-0. ISSN 0169-8095. Retrieved 2025-05-15.

rmets.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Browning, K.A.; F.H. Ludlum (Apr 1962). "Airflow in Convective Storms" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 88 (376): 117–35. Bibcode:1962QJRMS..88..117B. doi:10.1002/qj.49708837602. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-07.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Rasmussen, Erik N.; J. M. Straka (1998). "Variations in Supercell Morphology. Part I: Observations of the Role of Upper-Level Storm-Relative Flow". Mon. Wea. Rev. 126 (9): 2406–21. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.2406R. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2406:VISMPI>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 59128977.

stormchasing.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Storm Chasing South Africa - 6 May Supercell". Archived from the original on Oct 18, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

thesouthafrican.com (Global: 6,717^th place; English: 3,881^st place)

"Tornadoes kill two, destroy more than 1,000 homes". thesouthafrican.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

theweatherprediction.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"RADAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERCELLS". theweatherprediction.com. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

unicamp.br (Global: 4,289^th place; English: 7,541^st place)

repositorio.unicamp.br

Candido, Daniel Henrique (2012). "Tornados e trombas-d'água no Brasil : modelo de risco e proposta de escala de avaliação de danos". Tornadoes and waterspouts in Brazil. T/UNICAMP C161t. Campinas, SP: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências. p. 236. doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.901142. hdl:20.500.12733/1619415.

weather.com (Global: 2,948^th place; English: 1,922^nd place)

Belles, Jonathan (24 May 2016). "Supercell Thunderstorm Towers Nearly 70,000 Feet, About Twice the Cruising Altitude of Commercial Planes". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 7 September 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"ON THE MESOCYCLONE 'DRY INTRUSION' AND TORNADOGENESIS", Archived at: Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine, Leslie R. Lemon
"Louisville, KY". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
Browning, K.A.; F.H. Ludlum (Apr 1962). "Airflow in Convective Storms" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 88 (376): 117–35. Bibcode:1962QJRMS..88..117B. doi:10.1002/qj.49708837602. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-07.
"Overshooting Tops – Satellite-Based Detection Methods". EUMETSAT. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
"Hail spike". Glossary. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
Davies, Jonathan M. (Oct 1993). "Small Tornadic Supercells in the Central Plains". 17th Conf. Severe Local Storms. St. Louis, MO: American Meteorological Society. pp. 305–9. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17.
corporateName=Australian Capital Territory Regional Office, Bureau of Meteorology. "Record Stormy February in Canberra - Australian Capital Territory Regional Office". www.bom.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2008-07-30. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Perth reeling from freak storm". ABC Online. 23 March 2010. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
Saminather, Nichola (23 March 2010). "Perth Storms Lead to A$70 Mln of Insurance Claims in 24 Hours". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
"European Severe Weather Database". eswd.eu. Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
"1980 Grand Island Tornadoes". Crh.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
"Manitoba - Elie tornado now Canada's first F5". 25 July 2008. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008.
Elie Tornado Upgraded to Highest Level on Damage Scale, Archived at: Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
"Manitoba twister classified as extremely violent". 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
"Doppler On Wheels - Center for Severe Weather Research". cswr.org. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
"The Tornado Outbreak of May 20, 2013". Srh.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
"Victims Remembered 6 Months After May 20 Tornado". news9.com. KWTV-DT. November 20, 2013. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
"Obama offers solace in tornado-ravaged Oklahoma". AFP. May 27, 2013. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
"Central Oklahoma Tornadoes and Flash Flooding – May 31, 2013". National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 28, 2014. Archived from the original on 2013-06-03. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
"Storm Chasing South Africa - 6 May Supercell". Archived from the original on Oct 18, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
"Tornadoes kill two, destroy more than 1,000 homes". thesouthafrican.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

winnipegsun.com (Global: low place; English: 6,979^th place)

"Manitoba - Elie tornado now Canada's first F5". 25 July 2008. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Zipser, E. J.; Cecil, Daniel J.; Liu, Chuntao; Nesbitt, Stephen W.; Yorty, David P. (2006-08-01). "Where Are the Most Intense Thunderstorms on Earth?". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 87 (8): 1057–1072. Bibcode:2006BAMS...87.1057Z. doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-8-1057. ISSN 0003-0007.
Brooks, Harold E; Lee, James W; Craven, Jeffrey P (2003). "The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data" (PDF). Atmospheric Research. European Conference on Severe Storms 2002. 67–68: abstract & 89–90. Bibcode:2003AtmRe..67...73B. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00045-0. ISSN 0169-8095. Retrieved 2025-05-15.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Rasmussen, Erik N.; J. M. Straka (1998). "Variations in Supercell Morphology. Part I: Observations of the Role of Upper-Level Storm-Relative Flow". Mon. Wea. Rev. 126 (9): 2406–21. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.2406R. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2406:VISMPI>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 59128977.

Supercell (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 120th place; English: 70th place)

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noaa.gov (Global: 111th place; English: 78th place)

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passingparade-2009.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; English: 70^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

allenpress.com (Global: 5,987^th place; English: 5,682^nd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bom.gov.au (Global: 1,891^st place; English: 1,068^th place)

brisbanetimes.com.au (Global: 3,948^th place; English: 2,095^th place)

businessweek.com (Global: 945^th place; English: 628^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

couriermail.com.au (Global: 2,352^nd place; English: 1,152^nd place)

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noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

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weather.com (Global: 2,948^th place; English: 1,922^nd place)

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