The Bronx (English Wikipedia)

"Prohibition". Government of New York City. NYC Department of Records & Information Services. March 8, 2019. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.

archpaper.com (Global: 7,975^th place; English: 4,219^th place)

"New and Improved Bronx Museum" Archived June 5, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The Architect's Newspaper, October 20, 2006. Accessed May 14, 2021. "One of the first and most notable additions is a $19 million expansion of the Bronx Museum of Art, designed by Bernardo Fort-Brescia and his firm Arquitectonica. Rising three towering stories above the busy street, the northern wing of the museum is the first phase of a project that will literally unfold to the corner, eventually replacing the squat former-synagogue the museum has occupied since 1982. It adds 16,700 square feet to an existing 33,000."

arts.gov (Global: 6,896^th place; English: 4,516^th place)

"Afrika Bambaataa: Renegade of Funk". www.arts.gov. August 1, 2013. Archived from the original on December 6, 2025. Retrieved September 13, 2025.

baadbronx.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About". BAAD! Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Wylie, Jonathon (1987). The Faroe Islands: Interpretations of History. University of Kentucky Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-8131-1578-8. Jónas Bronck (or Brunck) was the son of Morten Jespersen Bronck ... Jónas seems to have gone to school in Roskilde in 1619, but found his way to Holland where he joined an expedition to Amsterdam.
"The first Bronxite". The Advocate. 24. Bronx County Bar Association: 59. 1977. It is widely accepted that Bronck came from Sweden, but claims have also been made by the Frisian Islands on the North Sea coast and by a small town in Germany.
Jenkins, Stephen (1912). The Story of the Bronx from the Purchase Made by the Dutch from the Indians in 1639 to the Present Day. G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 177–208. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
For Jordan L. Mott:
- Scharf, John Thomas (1886). History of Westchester County: New York, Including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which Have Been Annexed to New York City. L. E. Preston & Company. pp. 830–832.
- Ultan, Lloyd; Unger, Barbara (2006). Bronx Accent: A Literary and Pictorial History of the Borough. Rivergate Regionals Collection. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3862-4. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
- Tokarczyk, M.M. (2016). Bronx Migrations. Cherry Castle Publishing. ISBN 978-0-692-73765-1. Retrieved January 11, 2018.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Clifford Odets | American dramatist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.

bronx.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

TheBronxDaily; Bronck, Jonas (October 12, 2010). "Census 2010". Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.

bronxarts.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Opportunities for Arts Organizations and Community Based Organizations". E-News Update. Bronx Council on the Arts. January 2006. Archived from the original on June 26, 2006. Retrieved December 27, 2006.

bronxbuzz.nyc (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bronx St Patrick's Day Parade in Throgs Neck". Bronx Buzz NYC. March 12, 2018. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.

bronxhistoricalsociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

- "Jonas Bronx". Bronx Notables. Bronx Historical Society. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2012.

bronxink.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

""Little Albania" in the Bronx". Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.

bronxmall.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hansen, Harry (1950). North of Manhattan. Hastings House. OCLC 542679., excerpted at The Bronx ... Its History & Perspective Archived June 16, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
"The Bronx Mall – Cultural Mosaic – The Bronx... Its History & Perspective". Bronxmall.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
Most correlations with Community Board jurisdictions in this section come from Bronx Community Boards Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at the Bronx Mall web-site, and New York: a City of Neighborhoods Archived September 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New York City Department of City Planning, both retrieved on August 5, 2008

bronxnet.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Its website showcases very short selections (less than 20 seconds and over 2 MB each in uncompressed AIFF format) from Bronx Music Vol.1, an out-of-press compact disc of the old and new sounds and artists of the Bronx. Archived August 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

bronxopera.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Our History & Mission – The Bronx Opera". Archived from the original on January 13, 2025. Retrieved January 13, 2025.

bronxriver.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lloyd Ultan, "History of the Bronx River", Archived June 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Paper presented to the Bronx River Alliance, November 5, 2002 (notes taken by Maarten de Kadt, November 16, 2002), retrieved on August 29, 2008. This 2+1⁄2 hour talk covers much of the early history of the Bronx as a whole, in addition to the Bronx River.
"Bronx River Ecological Restoration and Management Plan". broxriver.org. August 14, 2008. Archived from the original on August 14, 2008.

bronxriverart.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Welcome". Bronx River Art Center. Archived from the original on December 16, 2004. Retrieved December 29, 2004.

bronxsynagogues.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seymour J. Perlin, "Remembrance of Synagogues Past: The Lost Civilization of the Jewish South Bronx" Archived September 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (retrieved on August 10, 2008), citing population estimates in "The Jewish Community Study of New York: 2002", UJA [United Jewish Appeal] Federation of New York, June 2004, and his own survey of synagogue sites.

bxnews.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bronx News". www.bxnews.net. Archived from the original on June 10, 2012.

bxtimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wirsing, Robert (November 24, 2017). "Edgewater Park Hosts Annual Ragamuffin Parade". The Bronx Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
Rocchio, Patrick (November 11, 2017). "Plethora of Bronx Veterans Day events on Nov. 11th". The Bronx Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
Rocchio, Patrick (October 6, 2017). "Bronx Columbus Parade steps off on Sunday". The Bronx Times.

cbssports.com (Global: 278^th place; English: 143^rd place)

Dayn, Perry (April 18, 2023). "Old Yankee Stadium's rise and fall: Complete story of 'The House that Ruth Built' 100 years after its opening". CBS Sports. Archived from the original on December 26, 2024. Retrieved January 2, 2024.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

census.gov

"QuickFacts: Bronx County, New York". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 26, 2026.
"2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Highest Density States, Counties and Cities (2022) Archived July 8, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 30, 2023.
(1) Population 1790–1960: The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1966, page 452, citing estimates of the Department of Health, City of New York.
(2) Population 1790–1990: Article on "population" by Nathan Kantrowitz in The Encyclopedia of New York City, edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press, 1995 ISBN 0-300-05536-6), citing the United States Census Bureau
N.B., Estimates in (1) and (2) before 1920 re-allocate the Census population from the counties whose land is now partly occupied by Bronx County.
(3) Population 1920–1990: Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990, Compiled and edited by Richard L. Forstall, Population Division, US Bureau of the Census Archived February 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, Washington, D.C. 20233, March 27, 1995, retrieved July 4, 2008.
"QuickFacts New York County, New York; Richmond County, New York; Kings County, New York; Queens County, New York; Bronx County, New York; New York city, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
"QuickFacts: Bronx County, New York". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
"Census.gov". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
"Population Division Working Paper – Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990 – U.S. Census Bureau". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. 2019. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
"New York – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.

data.census.gov

"2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
"S1401: School Enrollment – Bronx County, New York". American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 2025. Retrieved October 6, 2026.
"S1501: Educational Attainment – Bronx County, New York". American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 2025. Retrieved October 6, 2026.
"S1501: Educational Attainment – New York City boroughs, New York State and United States". American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 2025. Retrieved October 6, 2026.

chsserver01.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"BNew York – The Bronx". chsserver01.org. Archived from the original on October 23, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
"The Bronx". chsserver01.org. Retrieved September 13, 2022. ^{[dead link]}

cityandstateny.com (Global: 4,808^th place; English: 2,290^th place)

Santiago, Amana Luz Henning. "NY has the richest, poorest, smallest, most unequal congressional districts" Archived November 11, 2025, at the Wayback Machine, City & State, December 5, 2019. Accessed October 9, 2025. "Poorest: District 15 Since 2010, the 15th Congressional District has been the poorest – as well as the most Democratic – House district in the country. As of 2017, the median household income in the district was estimated to be $28,042, according to 24/7 Wall St.’s analysis of 2017 census data – well below the city’s $33,562 poverty threshold at that time. The local congressman, Rep. José E. Serrano, is retiring. Most people of color: District 15 has the highest number of people of color, at 97%, compared with the rest of the country, as of 2017, according to the APM Research Lab."

cityisland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

History of City Island Archived January 3, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, CityIsland.com. Accessed January 2, 2024. "In 1896, residents of City Island voted to detach themselves from Westchester County and to become part of New York City proper."

cooperatornews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tarver, Denton. "The New Bronx A Quick History of the Iconic Borough" Archived January 3, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Cooperator News, April 2007. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The urbanization of the Bronx truly began with the entrance of the subway into the area in 1904. As the rapid transit came in spurts: 1905, 1910, 1918, and 1920, the subway and elevated train access to Manhattan caused the population of the Bronx to surge, as these rail lines built their tracks into the still-green fields and meadows."

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

law.cornell.edu

Cornell Law School Supreme Court Collection: Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris , accessed June 12, 2006

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

van Laer, A. J. F. (1916). "Scandinavian Immigrants in New York, 1630–1674". The American Historical Review. 22 (1). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the American Historical Association: 164–166. doi:10.2307/1836219. JSTOR 1836219. ... Jonas Bronck was a Swede ...
Van der Plank, J. E. (1965). "Dynamics of Epidemics of Plant Disease". Science. 147 (3654). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 120–124. Bibcode:1965Sci...147..120V. doi:10.1126/science.147.3654.120. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17790685. S2CID 220109549.

einsteinmed.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Morris Park: From Horses and Planes to Racing Cars and Ultimately Medicine". Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Archived from the original on February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 9, 2025.

enrboenyc.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.enrboenyc.us

"Board of Elections in the City of New York 2020 Election Night Results President/Vice President". Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.

fanniemaefoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Neighborhood Change and the City of New York's Ten-Year Housing Plan Archived August 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Housing Policy Debate, Volume 10, Issue 4. Fannie Mae Foundation 1999.

fdic.gov (Global: low place; English: 6,251^st place)

www4.fdic.gov

On June 30, 2005, there were 129 federally insured banking offices in the Bronx, for a ratio of 1.0 offices for every 10,000 inhabitants. By contrast the national financial center of Manhattan had 555 for a ratio of 3.5/10,000, Staten Island a ratio of 1.9, Queens 1.7 and Brooklyn 1.1. In New York State as a whole the ratio was 2.6 and in the United States, 3.5 (a single office can serve more people in a more densely populated area). U.S. Census Bureau, "Table B-11. Counties – Banking, Retail Trade, and Accommodation and Food Services", City and County Data Book, 2007. For 1997 and 2007, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, "Summary of Deposits; summary tables", Archived December 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Deposits of all FDIC-Insured Institutions Operating in New York: State Totals by County – all retrieved on July 15–16, 2008.

files.wordpress.com (Global: 965^th place; English: 868^th place)

workingclassstudiesjournal.files.wordpress.com

Daniels, Jim (December 2016). "Tokarczyk, Michelle M. (2016) Bronx Migrations, Cherry Castle Publishing, Columbia, Md" (PDF). Journal of Working-Class Studies. 1 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Blatt, Ruth (April 10, 2014). "Why Rap Creates Entrepreneurs". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019.

fordham.edu (Global: 2,122^nd place; English: 1,444^th place)

"Dyckman House – History". fordham.edu. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2014.

forgotten-ny.com (Global: low place; English: 7,879^th place)

"The Hub". Archived from the original on January 6, 2010.

frac.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"datatables". www.frac.org. Archived from the original on October 23, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2018.

furmancenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Focus on Poverty in New York City". The Stoop. June 7, 2017. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Roberts, Sam (August 19, 2014). "A Bronck in the Bronx Gives a Swedish Town a Reason to Cheer". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022.
"3. Capitalization Rules" (PDF). gpo.gov. United States Government Publishing Office. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
"Piano Workers May Strike" (PDF). The New York Times. August 29, 1919. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
"Epi Data Brief: Unintentional Drug Poisoning (Overdose) Deaths in New York City in 2020" (PDF). New York City Health. November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
Stern, Gary M. (March 16, 2017). "The Young Mariners of Throgs Neck". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
Daniels, Jim (December 2016). "Tokarczyk, Michelle M. (2016) Bronx Migrations, Cherry Castle Publishing, Columbia, Md" (PDF). Journal of Working-Class Studies. 1 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

gothamist.com (Global: 3,754^th place; English: 1,934^th place)

Cruz, David (June 17, 2021). "The Bronx Has The Highest Crime Rate In NYC. What Do Locals Want The Next Mayor To Do About It?". The Gothamist. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
Venugopal, Arun (January 19, 2022). "Fatal Fire In The Bronx: Tragedy Rooted In The Past". The Gothamist. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.

govtrack.us (Global: 2,397^th place; English: 1,186^th place)

"New York Senators, Representatives, and Congressional District Maps". GovTrack.us. May 21, 2018. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.

gpo.gov (Global: 1,819^th place; English: 1,036^th place)

"3. Capitalization Rules" (PDF). gpo.gov. United States Government Publishing Office. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2016.

grandconcourse100.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Geography & Neighborhoods". Archived from the original on December 27, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.

hispanicmpr.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"New bank targets Latinos in South Bronx" Archived April 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine December 11, 2007

hollywoodreporter.com (Global: 30^th place; English: 22^nd place)

"'A Bronx Tale: The Musical': Theater Review | Hollywood Reporter". www.hollywoodreporter.com. November 9, 2018. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2020.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

"Writing to Heal in the Bronx". The Huffington Post. June 2, 2015. Archived from the original on December 3, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2016.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

van Laer, A. J. F. (1916). "Scandinavian Immigrants in New York, 1630–1674". The American Historical Review. 22 (1). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the American Historical Association: 164–166. doi:10.2307/1836219. JSTOR 1836219. ... Jonas Bronck was a Swede ...

justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

law.justia.com

Montesano v New York City Hous. Auth. Archived January 8, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Justia, as corrected through March 19, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2024. "Less than 10 weeks after the Boyd decision, the Legislature eliminated any doubt that the Borough of Manhattan and New York County were conterminous in this respect by specifically including Marble Hill in both the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, 'for all purposes,' retroactive to 1938 (L 1984, ch 939). The official map of the City of New York now shows that Marble Hill is located in New York County."

kirkusreviews.com (Global: 933^rd place; English: 444^th place)

"From the Banks of Brook Avenue by W.R. Rodriguez". Kirkusreviews.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.

lehman.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Woodlawn Cemetery Archived November 29, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Lehman College. Accessed January 2, 2024. "Woodlawn Cemetery, first called Wood-Lawn, is located at the northern border of the Bronx. In 1863 Reverend Absalom Peters and the cemetery trustees bought 313 acres (now 400 acres) of farmland for a rural cemetery which New Yorkers could reach by a special Harlem River Railroad train. The first burial to take place at Wood-Lawn was in 1865 and since then it has become the final resting place of more than 300,000 people."
Christopher Gray, "Sturm und Drang Over a Memorial to Heinrich Heine" Archived June 8, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 27, 2007, retrieved on July 3, 2008.. See also Public Art in the Bronx: Joyce Kilmer Park Archived March 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, from Lehman College
"Bronx Neighborhood Histories". Archived from the original on May 15, 2008.

lehmanathletics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lehman Athletics". Lehman College. Archived from the original on February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 10, 2025.

mla.org (Global: 7,706^th place; English: 6,458^th place)

"Bronx County, New York". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved August 10, 2013.

mlb.com (Global: 113^th place; English: 81^st place)

"The Official website of the New York Yankees". Yankees.com. MLB Advanced Media. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
"Teams with the most World Series titles". Major League Baseball. October 30, 2024. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
"Yankees Timeline – 1900s". New York Yankees. MLB.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.

mlssoccer.com (Global: 706^th place; English: 470^th place)

"New York City FC announce Yankee Stadium to be home field for 2015 season" Archived 2024-12-25 at the Wayback Machine, Major League Soccer, April 21, 2014. Accessed January 2, 2024.

monroecollege.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Monroe College history Archived October 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (from the College's web site) retrieved on July 27, 2008.

mta.info (Global: 1,441^st place; English: 797^th place)

mta.info

"Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2025. Retrieved April 2, 2025.

new.mta.info

"Bronx Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2020.

mysociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

global.mapit.mysociety.org

Areas touching Bronx County Archived January 1, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, MapIt. Accessed August 1, 2016.

naco.org (Global: 684^th place; English: 1,293^rd place)

"Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.

news.yahoo.com (Global: 183^rd place; English: 212^th place)

Ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is blooming! by Beth J. Harpaz, Travel Editor of The Associated Press (AP), June 30, 2008, retrieved on July 11, 2008 Archived May 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

news12.com (Global: low place; English: 5,333^rd place)

bronx.news12.com

"Ferragosto festival brings lively celebration of Italian culture". News12:The Bronx. September 10, 2017. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
"Thousands turn out for parade celebrating Dominican pride". News12:The Bronx. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.

newyorkfamilyhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Macy, Harry Jr. "Before the Five-borough City: The Old Cities, Towns, and Villages That Came Together to Form 'Greater New York'" Archived July 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, January 11, 2021. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The present City of New York, consisting of five boroughs, came into existence on January 1, 1898.... In 1914, The Bronx became a separate county of the same name."

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Roderick Wallace (October 1988). "A synergism of plagues: 'planned shrinkage', contagious housing destruction, and AIDS in the Bronx" Archived July 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. Environmental Research, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–33. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
Roderick Wallace (1990). "Urban desertification, public health and public order: 'planned shrinkage', violent death, substance abuse and AIDS in the Bronx" Archived July 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 7 (1990) pp. 801–813. Retrieved July 18, 2022. "Empirical and theoretical analyses strongly imply present sharply rising levels of violent death, intensification of deviant behaviors implicated in the spread of AIDS, and the pattern of the AIDS outbreak itself, have been gravely affected, and even strongly determined, by the outcomes of a program of 'planned shrinkage' directed against African-American and Hispanic communities, and implemented through systematic and continuing denial of municipal services—particularly fire extinguishment resources—essential for maintaining urban levels of population density and ensuring community stability."
Van der Plank, J. E. (1965). "Dynamics of Epidemics of Plant Disease". Science. 147 (3654). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 120–124. Bibcode:1965Sci...147..120V. doi:10.1126/science.147.3654.120. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17790685. S2CID 220109549.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

ncei.noaa.gov

"NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.

ny.gov (Global: 1,386^th place; English: 642^nd place)

health.ny.gov

New York State Department of Health, Population, Land Area, and Population Density by County, New York State – 2010 Archived July 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on August 8, 2015.

nyenr.elections.ny.gov

"New York State Board of Elections, 2020 General Election Night Results". Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2020.

ny1.com (Global: 5,171^st place; English: 2,675^th place)

Clarke, Erin "What's in a Name: How 'The' Bronx Got the 'The'" Archived January 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NY1, June 7, 2015, Retrieved on February 6, 2016.

nyc.gov (Global: 687^th place; English: 348^th place)

nyc.gov

See, for example, references on the New York City website Archived May 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
"Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Croton Water Treatment Plant at the Harlem River Site; 7.12: Historic and Archaeological Resources" (PDF). New York City Department of Environmental Protection. June 30, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
"Tax Block & Tax Lot Base Map Files on CD-ROM Users Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2026.
Most correlations with Community Board jurisdictions in this section come from Bronx Community Boards Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at the Bronx Mall web-site, and New York: a City of Neighborhoods Archived September 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New York City Department of City Planning, both retrieved on August 5, 2008
"LPC Designates Three Bronx Sites as Individual Landmarks". www.nyc.gov. Archived from the original on July 17, 2024. Retrieved July 17, 2024.

www1.nyc.gov

"Epi Data Brief: Unintentional Drug Poisoning (Overdose) Deaths in New York City in 2020" (PDF). New York City Health. November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
"NYC Population: Current and Projected Populations". NYC.gov. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
"Mayor de Blasio Announces Opening of new NYC Ferry Landing in Throgs Neck, the Bronx | City of New York". .nyc.gov. December 28, 2021. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022.

bronxboropres.nyc.gov

"Bronx Borough Historian Lloyd Ultan Marks 15 Years in Office". The Office of The Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
Waterfront Development Initiative Archived September 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Bronx Borough President's office, March 19, 2004, retrieved on July 29, 2008

nyc.ny.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

vote.nyc.ny.us

The Board of Elections in the City of New York, Bronx Borough President special election results, April 21, 2009 Archived July 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (PDF with details by Assembly District, April 29, 2009), retrieved on May 13, 2009

nycgovparks.org (Global: 4,634^th place; English: 2,542^nd place)

"Harding Park". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
"Last Section Of Macombs Dam Park Closes To The Public For Redevelopment" (Press release). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. November 1, 2007. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
"List of Parks: Bronx". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on September 16, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2025.
"Van Cortlandt Park : NYC Parks". Nycgovparks.org. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
Jerome Park Archived January 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 12, 2008).
Crotona Park Archived June 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 20, 2008
Bronx Parks for the 21st Century Archived June 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 20, 2008. This links to both an interactive map and a downloadable (1.7 MB PDF) map showing nearly every public park and green space in the Bronx.

nyctourism.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Blanco, Alvin (August 1, 2023). "A Short History of Hip-Hop in the Bronx". New York City Tourism. Archived from the original on October 1, 2025. Retrieved September 13, 2025.

nydailynews.com (Global: 261^st place; English: 147^th place)

Slattery, Denis (May 20, 2014). "Bronx residents call on media and city agencies to capitalize 'The Bronx'". nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
"Wealthy are drowning in new bank branches, says study" Archived July 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, September 10, 2007
Slattery, Denis (September 15, 2014). "The Bronx is booming with boutique and luxury hotels". Daily News. New York City. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
Sisk, Richard (September 29, 2010). "South Bronx is poorest district in nation, U.S. Census Bureau finds: 38% live below poverty line". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
Slattery, Denis (June 19, 2014). "There's something fishy going on in the Bronx". The New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
Samuels, Tanyanika (November 27, 2012). "In Bronx and beyond, local Albanians to mark the 100th anniversary of independence from Turkish rule". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
Hinkley, David (March 3, 2004). "Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009.
"A trio of Bronx tomes tell the tales of the borough". NY Daily News. December 28, 2014. Archived from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2016.

nypl.org (Global: 2,679^th place; English: 1,654^th place)

"Bronx History: What's in a Name?". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2008. The Native Americans called the land Rananchqua, but the Dutch and English began to refer to it as Broncksland.
NYPL Staff (March 14, 2019). "Bronx History at the Bronx Library Center: The Morris Park Racecourse". New York public Library. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2025.

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Topousis, Tom (July 23, 2007). "Bx is Booming". New York Post. Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
Calder, Rich (May 8, 2017). ""City backtracks on promise to replace Yankee Stadium parkland"". New York Post. Archived from the original on March 3, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.

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Moynihan, Colin. "F.Y.I." Archived April 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 19, 1999. Accessed December 17, 2019. "There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs: Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of Queens called?"
Cerro, Alena (June 16, 2026). "Say Hello to the Newest N.Y.C. Area Code: 465". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 19, 2026.
Gonzalez, David. "How Fire Defined the Bronx, and Us", The New York Times, January 20, 2022, updated June 22, 2023. Accessed October 9, 2025. "Those of us who grew up in the South Bronx during the 1970s and ’80s have been defined by the fires that incinerated our neighborhoods, which had already been set up to fail by disinvestment, redlining and eminent domain — which resulted in a trench gouged through the community by Robert Moses’ Cross Bronx Expressway."
Roberts, Sam (August 19, 2014). "A Bronck in the Bronx Gives a Swedish Town a Reason to Cheer". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022.
"Why The Bronx?". The New York Times. May 9, 1993. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
Peck, Richard. "In the Bronx, the Gentry Live On; The Gentry Live On" Archived April 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 2, 1973. Accessed July 17, 2008. "But the Harlem riverfront was industrializing, and in 1874 the city annexed the area west of the Bronx River: Morrisania, West Farms and Kingsbridge. A second annexation in 1894 gathered in Westchester and portions of Eastchester and Pelham." However, 1894 must refer to the referendum, since the enabling act was not passed or signed until 1895.
Steinhauer, Jennifer. "F.Y.I." Archived July 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 10, 1993. Accessed August 23, 2021. "Marble Hill's Exile Q. Why is there a small piece of Manhattan in the Bronx?. ... A. Marble Hill was originally attached to the northern part of Manhattan, but was severed in 1895 when the city deepened and straightened the waterway that connected the Hudson River to what was known as Spuyten Duyvil Creek (Dutch for 'in Spite of the Devil', thought to be a reference to the trouble it took to cross it). ... Around 1914, Spuyten Duyvil Creek was filled in and the area became physically a part of the Bronx, but it remained politically part of Manhattan."
Gray, Christopher Gray. "Streetscapes: The New York Coliseum; From Auditorium To Bus Garage to..." Archived July 26, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, Real Estate section, March 22, 1992. Accessed January 2, 2024
Duffy, Peter (December 22, 2002). "The Boy Who Saw the Virgin". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2026.
Chambers, Marcia. "Judge's Ruling Revives Dispute On Marble Hill" Archived January 8, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 16, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "After a painstaking legal and historical analysis, Justice Peter J. McQuillan said rather, that Marble Hill lies in both. 'The conclusion is irresistible,' he said in a 36-page opinion, that Marble Hill is situated in the Borough of Manhattan, but is not part of New York County. By statute, he said, 'it is in Bronx County.' Contrary to what the Legislature may have thought when it redefined boundary lines for Manhattan in 1938 and again in 1940, it 'dealt only with boroughs and not counties,' the judge wrote. In short, the boundaries of New York County and Manhattan are not the same, he said."
Bloom, Jennifer Kingson (July 23, 1995). "If Your Thinking of Living In/Marble Hill; A Bit of Manhattan in the Bronx". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
"Bill Would Clarify Marble Hill's Status" Archived February 4, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 27, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "The Assembly voted tonight to move the Marble Hill section of the Borough of Manhattan into New York County, thereby correcting a 46-year old mistake.... A dispute over Marble Hill followed, but the matter was mostly put to rest in 1938, when the boundaries of the Borough of Manhattan were shifted to include Marble Hill.... Tonight the Assembly voted 140 to 4 and joined the Senate in moving to change that, and the measure now goes to the Governor. It would be retroactive to Jan. 1, 1938."
"Perspectives: The 10-Year Housing Plan; Issues for the 90's: Management and Costs" Archived January 3, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, January 7, 1990. Accessed January 2, 2024.
David Gonzalez, "Yolanda Garcia, 53, Dies; A Bronx Community Force" Archived November 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 19, 2005, retrieved on July 6, 2008
Smalls, F. Romall (July 20, 1997). "The Bronx Is Named an 'All-America' City". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
Williams, Timothy (June 27, 2006). "Celebrities Now Give Thonx for Their Roots in the Bronx". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
Kaysen, Rhonda (September 17, 2015). "The South Bronx Beckons". The New York Times.
Berger, Joseph (July 19, 2010). "Reclaimed Jewel Whose Attraction Can Be Perilous". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
"Future Of New Wards; New-York's Possession in Westchester County Rapidly Developing; Trolley and Steam Road Systems Vast Areas Being Brought Close to the Heart of the City – Miles of New Streets and Sewers. Botanical and Zoological Gardens. Advantages That Will Soon Relieve Crowded Sections of the City of Thousands of Their Inhabitants." Archived August 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times, Wednesday, May 17, 1896, page 15. Accessed August 23, 2021. This is a very useful glimpse into the state of the Bronx (and the hopes of Manhattan's pro-Consolidation forces) as parks, housing and transit were all being rapidly developed.
What Is New York's Greenest Borough? Probably Not the One You Think. Archived December 8, 2022, at the Wayback Machine by David Gonzales of The New York Times, December 5, 2022
As Maps and Memories Fade, So Do Some Bronx Boundary Lines Archived February 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine by Manny Fernandez, The New York Times, September 16, 2006, retrieved on August 3, 2008
Fischler, Marcelle Sussman (September 13, 2015). "City Island, a Quainter Side of the Bronx". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
Kepner, Tyler; Bretherton, George; Bell, Jack; Klein, Jeff (November 15, 2008). "New Stadium Is Definitely Something to Write Home About". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
Coughlin, Jennie (October 31, 2024). "Your Guide to the 2024 New York City Marathon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2025. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
Appleman, Jake (January 4, 2013). "Basketball Is Reborn at an Old Bronx Gym". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
Slotnik, Daniel E. (October 23, 2019). "Ray Santos, a Pillar of Latin Jazz, Is Dead at 90". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
David Gonzalez, "Will Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?" Archived February 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 21, 2007, retrieved on July 1, 2008
Christopher Gray, "Sturm und Drang Over a Memorial to Heinrich Heine" Archived June 8, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 27, 2007, retrieved on July 3, 2008.. See also Public Art in the Bronx: Joyce Kilmer Park Archived March 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, from Lehman College
Ramirez, Anthony. "Radio Tower in Bronx Falls; Botanical Garden Hears It, Happily" Archived May 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 29, 2006. Accessed May 14, 2021. "Under the 2002 deal, the Fordham tower was to come down, ridding the blight for the botanical garden, and a new Fordham radio antenna, for WFUV-FM (90.7), was to be built atop an apartment building owned by Montefiore. The elevation and the location of the Montefiore building, a mile from the old site, mean that the Fordham radio signal can reach far more listeners than the old one could."
Trymaine Lee, "Bronx Voters Elect Díaz as New Borough President" Archived February 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, New York edition, April 22, 2009, page A24, retrieved on May 13, 2009
Mueller, Benjamin. "Robert Johnson, Bronx District Attorney, Says He Wants to Become a State Judge" Archived May 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 18, 2015. Accessed May 14, 2021. "With the backing of Democratic leaders, Mr. Johnson won a contested election in 1988 to become the first black district attorney in the state."
Gross, Jane (May 6, 1997). "A Tiny Strip of New York That Feels Like the Suburbs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 17, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2012. ()
Stern, Gary M. (March 16, 2017). "The Young Mariners of Throgs Neck". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
O'Connor, John J. "TV: CBS on C.I.A., and BBC's Bronx is Burning" Archived March 10, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 13, 1975. Accessed March 10, 2023. "This Sunday at 9 P.M., WNEW/Channel 5 will offer an hour‐long documentary called The Bronx is Burning. Documenting the daily routines of Engine. Company 82 in the South Bronx, the program captures some of the peculiar ingredients that constitute 'perhaps the toughest square mile in the city.'""
Anne Barnard, Twenty Years After 'Bonfire,' A City No Longer in Flames Archived February 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 10, 2007, retrieved on July 1, 2008
"Contrite Poet Gives A Cheer for Bronx On Golden Jubilee". The New York Times. May 27, 1964. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021.

timesmachine.nytimes.com

On the start of business for Bronx County: Bronx County In Motion. New Officials All Find Work to Do on Their First Day. The New York Times, January 3, 1914 (PDF retrieved on June 26, 2008):
"Despite the fact that the new Bronx County Court House is not completed there was no delay yesterday in getting the court machinery in motion. All the new county officials were on hand and the County Clerk, the District Attorney, the Surrogate, and the County Judge soon had things in working order. The seal to be used by the new county was selected by County Judge Louis D. Gibbs. It is circular. In the center is a seated figure of Justice. To her right is an American shield and over the figure is written 'Populi Suprema.' ..."

"Surrogate George M. S. Schulz, with his office force, was busy at the stroke of 9 o'clock. Two wills were filed in the early morning, but owing to the absence of a safe they were recorded and then returned to the attorneys for safe keeping. ..."

"There was a rush of business to the new County Clerk's office. Between seventy-five and a hundred men applied for first naturalization papers. Two certificates of incorporation were issued, and seventeen judgments, seven lis pendens, three mechanics' liens and one suit for negligence were filed."

"Sheriff O'Brien announced several additional appointments."
"Piano Workers May Strike" (PDF). The New York Times. August 29, 1919. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2011.

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Powell, Michael (July 27, 2011). "How the South Bronx's Ruins Became Fertile Ground". City Room. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
Jennifer Lee, "Tenants Might Buy the Birthplace of Hip-Hop" Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, January 15, 2008, retrieved on July 1, 2008

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Kakutani, Michiko (September 16, 1997). "'Underworld': Of America as a Splendid Junk Heap". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.

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Meera Subramanian, "Homes and Gardens in the South Bronx", Archived August 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Portfolio, November 8, 2005, New York University Department of Journalism, retrieved on July 6, 2008

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"Furman Center releases report highlighting spatially concentrated poverty in New York City | NYU School of Law". Law.nyu.edu. June 20, 2017. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022.

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Issues such as redlining, hospital quality, and what looked like the planned shrinkage of garbage collection were alleged as the motivations which sparked the Puerto Rican activists known as the Young Lords. The Young Lords coalesced with similar groups who claimed to be fighting for neighborhood empowerment, such as the Black Panthers, to protest urban renewal and arson for profit with sit-ins, marches, and violence. See pages 6–9 of the guide to "¡Palante Siempre Palante! The Young Lords" Archived March 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, a "point of view" documentary on PBS.
Tukufu Zuberi ("detective"), "Birthplace of Hip Hop", History Detectives, Season 6, Episode 11, New York City, found at PBS official website Archived August 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed February 24, 2009.

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Bronx High Point Archived September 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine and Ascent of Bronx Point on June 24, 2008 Archived October 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine at Peakbaggers.com, retrieved on July 22, 2008

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Dietzler, Bryan. "A Brief Review Of Football At Old Yankee Stadium". Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2025.

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Van der Plank, J. E. (1965). "Dynamics of Epidemics of Plant Disease". Science. 147 (3654). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 120–124. Bibcode:1965Sci...147..120V. doi:10.1126/science.147.3654.120. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17790685. S2CID 220109549.

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"Home". sites.google.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.

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Chronopoulos, Themis. ""Urban Decline and the Withdrawal of New York University from University Heights, The Bronx." The Bronx County Historical Society Journal XLVI (Spring/Fall 2009): 4–24". Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
Chronopoulos, Themis. ""Paddy Chayefsky's 'Marty' and Its Significance to the Social History of Arthur Avenue, The Bronx, in the 1950s." The Bronx County Historical Society Journal XLIV (Spring/Fall 2007): 50–59". Archived from the original on January 20, 2013.

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"Michael Sorkin Studio". Michael Sorkin Studio. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009.

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"Superintendent Neiman Addresses the Ninth Annual Bronx Bankers Breakfast", June 15, 2007 Archived January 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Among the remarks of Richard H. Neiman, New York State's Superintendent of Banks, were these: "The Bronx was an economically stable community until the mid-1960s when the entire South Bronx struggled with major construction, real estate issues, red-lining, and block busting. This included a thoroughfare that divided communities, the deterioration of property as a result of rent control, and decrease in the value of real estate. Due to strong community leadership, advances in policing, social services, and changing economic migration patterns to New York City, the Bronx is undergoing a resurgence, with new housing developments and thriving business. From 2000 to 2006, there was a 2.2% increase in population, and home ownership rates increased by 19.6%. Still, bank branches were absent in places such as Community districts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12."

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"National Origin in Bronx County, New York (County)". Statistical Atlas. 2018. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.

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"Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Bronx County, NY", fred.stlouisfed.org, retrieved April 1, 2026
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"Maritime Industry Museum". Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2008.

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Custodio, Jonathan (May 31, 2023). "Bronx Opera House Where They Danced the Pachanga Could Become a Landmark". THE CITY - NYC News. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved July 17, 2024.

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Walshe, Sadhbh (June 3, 2015). "'Like a prison for the dead': welcome to Hart Island, home to New York City's pauper graves". The Guardian. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
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Hartman, David; and Lewis, Barry. "A Walk Through The Bronx: Early European Residents" Archived March 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, WNET. Accessed October 9, 2025. "Thirty years later in 1639, the mainland was settled by Jonas Bronck, a Swedish sea captain from the Netherlands who eventually built a farmstead at what became 132nd Street and Lincoln Avenue; a small group of Dutch, German, and Danish servants settled with him."
"Unlock the Grid, Then Ditch the Maps and Apps". February 24, 2012. Archived from the original on December 31, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
Knight, Christina. "How the Bronx Gave Us Hip Hop". THIRTEEN - New York Public Media. Archived from the original on April 23, 2023. Retrieved September 13, 2025.
"Unlock the Grid, Then Ditch the Maps and Apps" Archived July 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, WNET, February 24, 2012. Accessed August 1, 2016. "Jerome Avenue is the Bronx's Fifth Avenue: Jerome Avenue divides the eastern and western halves of the Bronx. Much of the West Bronx's numbering continues where Upper Manhattan's street grid left off."

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The Threepenny Review, Volume 109, Spring 2007 Archived May 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

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"Arson for Hate and Profit". Time. October 31, 1977. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2008.

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Bronx factsheet Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Tri‐State Transportation Campaign. Accessed August 1, 2016.

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"Excerpts from an Interview with William Bronk by Mark Katzman". uiuc.edu. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2009.

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Gilliland, John (April 14, 1972). "Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5". UNT Digital Library. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2020.

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Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2017.

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"ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2008. Note that the database also does not use punctuation, and other articles (such as the) to improve automated scanning of addresses.

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"NYC Post Offices to observe Presidents' Day". Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. United States Postal Service. February 11, 2009. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.

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Historical Census Browser Archived August 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine University of Virginia, Geospatial and Statistical Data Center, retrieved on August 7, 2008, querying 1930 Census for New York State. "The data and terminology presented in the Historical Census Browser are drawn directly from historical volumes of the U.S. Census of Population and Housing."

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Moynihan, Colin. "F.Y.I." Archived April 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 19, 1999. Accessed December 17, 2019. "There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs: Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of Queens called?"
New York State Department of Health, Population, Land Area, and Population Density by County, New York State – 2010 Archived July 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on August 8, 2015.
Lloyd Ultan, "History of the Bronx River", Archived June 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Paper presented to the Bronx River Alliance, November 5, 2002 (notes taken by Maarten de Kadt, November 16, 2002), retrieved on August 29, 2008. This 2+1⁄2 hour talk covers much of the early history of the Bronx as a whole, in addition to the Bronx River.
Ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is blooming! by Beth J. Harpaz, Travel Editor of The Associated Press (AP), June 30, 2008, retrieved on July 11, 2008 Archived May 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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- "Bronx History: What's in a Name?". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2008. The Native Americans called the land Rananchqua, but the Dutch and English began to refer to it as Broncksland.
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- Clarke, Erin "What's in a Name: How 'The' Bronx Got the 'The'" Archived January 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, NY1, June 7, 2015, Retrieved on February 6, 2016.
- Genealogical Information about the Bronx Archived May 15, 2025, at the Wayback Machine, Westchester County, New York. Accessed October 9, 2025. "A number of towns which were at one time part of Westchester County now form the Bronx.The towns were annexed by New York City over a period of many years and finally combined to form the Bronx Borough in 1898."
- Born, David J. (January 28, 2002). "Notes & Asides". National Review. 54 (1). Archived from the original on February 9, 2006. Retrieved July 3, 2008 – via FindArticles.
- "Bronx Borough Historian Lloyd Ultan Marks 15 Years in Office". The Office of The Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
- "Why The Bronx?". The New York Times. May 9, 1993. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
- Slattery, Denis (May 20, 2014). "Bronx residents call on media and city agencies to capitalize 'The Bronx'". nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
- Hartman, David; and Lewis, Barry. "A Walk Through The Bronx: Early European Residents" Archived March 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, WNET. Accessed October 9, 2025. "Thirty years later in 1639, the mainland was settled by Jonas Bronck, a Swedish sea captain from the Netherlands who eventually built a farmstead at what became 132nd Street and Lincoln Avenue; a small group of Dutch, German, and Danish servants settled with him."
- "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Croton Water Treatment Plant at the Harlem River Site; 7.12: Historic and Archaeological Resources" (PDF). New York City Department of Environmental Protection. June 30, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
- "Dyckman House – History". fordham.edu. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- Peck, Richard. "In the Bronx, the Gentry Live On; The Gentry Live On" Archived April 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 2, 1973. Accessed July 17, 2008. "But the Harlem riverfront was industrializing, and in 1874 the city annexed the area west of the Bronx River: Morrisania, West Farms and Kingsbridge. A second annexation in 1894 gathered in Westchester and portions of Eastchester and Pelham." However, 1894 must refer to the referendum, since the enabling act was not passed or signed until 1895.
- History of City Island Archived January 3, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, CityIsland.com. Accessed January 2, 2024. "In 1896, residents of City Island voted to detach themselves from Westchester County and to become part of New York City proper."
- Macy, Harry Jr. "Before the Five-borough City: The Old Cities, Towns, and Villages That Came Together to Form 'Greater New York'" Archived July 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, January 11, 2021. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The present City of New York, consisting of five boroughs, came into existence on January 1, 1898.... In 1914, The Bronx became a separate county of the same name."
- Steinhauer, Jennifer. "F.Y.I." Archived July 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 10, 1993. Accessed August 23, 2021. "Marble Hill's Exile Q. Why is there a small piece of Manhattan in the Bronx?. ... A. Marble Hill was originally attached to the northern part of Manhattan, but was severed in 1895 when the city deepened and straightened the waterway that connected the Hudson River to what was known as Spuyten Duyvil Creek (Dutch for 'in Spite of the Devil', thought to be a reference to the trouble it took to cross it). ... Around 1914, Spuyten Duyvil Creek was filled in and the area became physically a part of the Bronx, but it remained politically part of Manhattan."
- Gray, Christopher Gray. "Streetscapes: The New York Coliseum; From Auditorium To Bus Garage to..." Archived July 26, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, Real Estate section, March 22, 1992. Accessed January 2, 2024
- Tarver, Denton. "The New Bronx A Quick History of the Iconic Borough" Archived January 3, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Cooperator News, April 2007. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The urbanization of the Bronx truly began with the entrance of the subway into the area in 1904. As the rapid transit came in spurts: 1905, 1910, 1918, and 1920, the subway and elevated train access to Manhattan caused the population of the Bronx to surge, as these rail lines built their tracks into the still-green fields and meadows."
- Seymour J. Perlin, "Remembrance of Synagogues Past: The Lost Civilization of the Jewish South Bronx" Archived September 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (retrieved on August 10, 2008), citing population estimates in "The Jewish Community Study of New York: 2002", UJA [United Jewish Appeal] Federation of New York, June 2004, and his own survey of synagogue sites.
- "BNew York – The Bronx". chsserver01.org. Archived from the original on October 23, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
- "Prohibition". Government of New York City. NYC Department of Records & Information Services. March 8, 2019. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.
- Duffy, Peter (December 22, 2002). "The Boy Who Saw the Virgin". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2026.
- "The South Bronx". American Realities. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
- Roderick Wallace (October 1988). "A synergism of plagues: 'planned shrinkage', contagious housing destruction, and AIDS in the Bronx" Archived July 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. Environmental Research, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–33. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
- Roderick Wallace (1990). "Urban desertification, public health and public order: 'planned shrinkage', violent death, substance abuse and AIDS in the Bronx" Archived July 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 7 (1990) pp. 801–813. Retrieved July 18, 2022. "Empirical and theoretical analyses strongly imply present sharply rising levels of violent death, intensification of deviant behaviors implicated in the spread of AIDS, and the pattern of the AIDS outbreak itself, have been gravely affected, and even strongly determined, by the outcomes of a program of 'planned shrinkage' directed against African-American and Hispanic communities, and implemented through systematic and continuing denial of municipal services—particularly fire extinguishment resources—essential for maintaining urban levels of population density and ensuring community stability."
- Issues such as redlining, hospital quality, and what looked like the planned shrinkage of garbage collection were alleged as the motivations which sparked the Puerto Rican activists known as the Young Lords. The Young Lords coalesced with similar groups who claimed to be fighting for neighborhood empowerment, such as the Black Panthers, to protest urban renewal and arson for profit with sit-ins, marches, and violence. See pages 6–9 of the guide to "¡Palante Siempre Palante! The Young Lords" Archived March 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, a "point of view" documentary on PBS.
- "Arson for Hate and Profit". Time. October 31, 1977. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
- Chambers, Marcia. "Judge's Ruling Revives Dispute On Marble Hill" Archived January 8, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 16, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "After a painstaking legal and historical analysis, Justice Peter J. McQuillan said rather, that Marble Hill lies in both. 'The conclusion is irresistible,' he said in a 36-page opinion, that Marble Hill is situated in the Borough of Manhattan, but is not part of New York County. By statute, he said, 'it is in Bronx County.' Contrary to what the Legislature may have thought when it redefined boundary lines for Manhattan in 1938 and again in 1940, it 'dealt only with boroughs and not counties,' the judge wrote. In short, the boundaries of New York County and Manhattan are not the same, he said."
- Bloom, Jennifer Kingson (July 23, 1995). "If Your Thinking of Living In/Marble Hill; A Bit of Manhattan in the Bronx". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
- "Bill Would Clarify Marble Hill's Status" Archived February 4, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 27, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "The Assembly voted tonight to move the Marble Hill section of the Borough of Manhattan into New York County, thereby correcting a 46-year old mistake.... A dispute over Marble Hill followed, but the matter was mostly put to rest in 1938, when the boundaries of the Borough of Manhattan were shifted to include Marble Hill.... Tonight the Assembly voted 140 to 4 and joined the Senate in moving to change that, and the measure now goes to the Governor. It would be retroactive to Jan. 1, 1938."
- Montesano v New York City Hous. Auth. Archived January 8, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Justia, as corrected through March 19, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2024. "Less than 10 weeks after the Boyd decision, the Legislature eliminated any doubt that the Borough of Manhattan and New York County were conterminous in this respect by specifically including Marble Hill in both the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, 'for all purposes,' retroactive to 1938 (L 1984, ch 939). The official map of the City of New York now shows that Marble Hill is located in New York County."
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- Meera Subramanian, "Homes and Gardens in the South Bronx", Archived August 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Portfolio, November 8, 2005, New York University Department of Journalism, retrieved on July 6, 2008
- Powell, Michael (July 27, 2011). "How the South Bronx's Ruins Became Fertile Ground". City Room. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- "Wealthy are drowning in new bank branches, says study" Archived July 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, September 10, 2007
- "Superintendent Neiman Addresses the Ninth Annual Bronx Bankers Breakfast", June 15, 2007 Archived January 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Among the remarks of Richard H. Neiman, New York State's Superintendent of Banks, were these: "The Bronx was an economically stable community until the mid-1960s when the entire South Bronx struggled with major construction, real estate issues, red-lining, and block busting. This included a thoroughfare that divided communities, the deterioration of property as a result of rent control, and decrease in the value of real estate. Due to strong community leadership, advances in policing, social services, and changing economic migration patterns to New York City, the Bronx is undergoing a resurgence, with new housing developments and thriving business. From 2000 to 2006, there was a 2.2% increase in population, and home ownership rates increased by 19.6%. Still, bank branches were absent in places such as Community districts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12."
- "New bank targets Latinos in South Bronx" Archived April 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine December 11, 2007
- On June 30, 2005, there were 129 federally insured banking offices in the Bronx, for a ratio of 1.0 offices for every 10,000 inhabitants. By contrast the national financial center of Manhattan had 555 for a ratio of 3.5/10,000, Staten Island a ratio of 1.9, Queens 1.7 and Brooklyn 1.1. In New York State as a whole the ratio was 2.6 and in the United States, 3.5 (a single office can serve more people in a more densely populated area). U.S. Census Bureau, "Table B-11. Counties – Banking, Retail Trade, and Accommodation and Food Services", City and County Data Book, 2007. For 1997 and 2007, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, "Summary of Deposits; summary tables", Archived December 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Deposits of all FDIC-Insured Institutions Operating in New York: State Totals by County – all retrieved on July 15–16, 2008.
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- "The Poorest Congressional District in America? Right Here, in New York City". The Village Voice. September 30, 2010. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
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- Bronx High Point Archived September 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine and Ascent of Bronx Point on June 24, 2008 Archived October 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine at Peakbaggers.com, retrieved on July 22, 2008
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- "Future Of New Wards; New-York's Possession in Westchester County Rapidly Developing; Trolley and Steam Road Systems Vast Areas Being Brought Close to the Heart of the City – Miles of New Streets and Sewers. Botanical and Zoological Gardens. Advantages That Will Soon Relieve Crowded Sections of the City of Thousands of Their Inhabitants." Archived August 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times, Wednesday, May 17, 1896, page 15. Accessed August 23, 2021. This is a very useful glimpse into the state of the Bronx (and the hopes of Manhattan's pro-Consolidation forces) as parks, housing and transit were all being rapidly developed.
- "Last Section Of Macombs Dam Park Closes To The Public For Redevelopment" (Press release). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. November 1, 2007. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
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- Woodlawn Cemetery Archived November 29, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Lehman College. Accessed January 2, 2024. "Woodlawn Cemetery, first called Wood-Lawn, is located at the northern border of the Bronx. In 1863 Reverend Absalom Peters and the cemetery trustees bought 313 acres (now 400 acres) of farmland for a rural cemetery which New Yorkers could reach by a special Harlem River Railroad train. The first burial to take place at Wood-Lawn was in 1865 and since then it has become the final resting place of more than 300,000 people."
- "Van Cortlandt Park : NYC Parks". Nycgovparks.org. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- Jerome Park Archived January 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 12, 2008).
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- Bronx Parks for the 21st Century Archived June 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 20, 2008. This links to both an interactive map and a downloadable (1.7 MB PDF) map showing nearly every public park and green space in the Bronx.
- Areas touching Bronx County Archived January 1, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, MapIt. Accessed August 1, 2016.
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- Most correlations with Community Board jurisdictions in this section come from Bronx Community Boards Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at the Bronx Mall web-site, and New York: a City of Neighborhoods Archived September 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New York City Department of City Planning, both retrieved on August 5, 2008
- Fischler, Marcelle Sussman (September 13, 2015). "City Island, a Quainter Side of the Bronx". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- Fieldston Property Owners' Association, Inc. By-Laws, by the FPOA, September 17, 2006
- (1) Population 1790–1960: The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1966, page 452, citing estimates of the Department of Health, City of New York.
  (2) Population 1790–1990: Article on "population" by Nathan Kantrowitz in The Encyclopedia of New York City, edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press, 1995 ISBN 0-300-05536-6), citing the United States Census Bureau
  N.B., Estimates in (1) and (2) before 1920 re-allocate the Census population from the counties whose land is now partly occupied by Bronx County.
  (3) Population 1920–1990: Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990, Compiled and edited by Richard L. Forstall, Population Division, US Bureau of the Census Archived February 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, Washington, D.C. 20233, March 27, 1995, retrieved July 4, 2008.
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- Christopher Gray, "Sturm und Drang Over a Memorial to Heinrich Heine" Archived June 8, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 27, 2007, retrieved on July 3, 2008.. See also Public Art in the Bronx: Joyce Kilmer Park Archived March 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, from Lehman College
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welcome2thebronx.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Conde, Ed García (July 31, 2017). "12 Bronx Facts You Probably Didn't Know". Welcome2TheBronx™. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
"MTA Budget For Four New East Bronx Metro North Stations Finally Approved". Welcome2TheBronx. May 25, 2016. Archived from the original on August 21, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
Conde, Ed Garcia. "Bronx Burning: A Documentary By Edwin Pagán" Archived March 10, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Welcome2TheBronx, May 6, 2014. Accessed March 10, 2023. "Edwin Pagán, a "New York-based filmmaker, Photographer, cinematographer, screenwriter and cultural activist," will begin filming Bronx Burning this June and is seeking individuals who lived those terrible years of our borough and have any personal, unique, or little known stories they'd like to share."

westchestergov.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archives.westchestergov.com

Genealogical Information about the Bronx Archived May 15, 2025, at the Wayback Machine, Westchester County, New York. Accessed October 9, 2025. "A number of towns which were at one time part of Westchester County now form the Bronx.The towns were annexed by New York City over a period of many years and finally combined to form the Bronx Borough in 1898."

westchestermagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Levine, David. "A Native History of the Hudson Valley", Westchester magazine, June 4, 2021. Accessed October 9, 2025. "The Lenape (sometimes Lenni-Lenapi, meaning, roughly, “the real or original people”) first populated the Delaware River Valley, particularly around Minisink (“the place where stones are”) where New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania meet....Colonization took out the rest. By 1639, the Dutch West India Company, under the colony’s director, Willem Kieft, had begun a land grab in present-day Westchester and the Bronx."

whitepages.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

usps.whitepages.com

"Post Office Location – BRONX GPO"^{[dead link]}. United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Cerro, Alena (June 16, 2026). "Say Hello to the Newest N.Y.C. Area Code: 465". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 19, 2026.
Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold (1909). History of the city of New York in the seventeenth century. Vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 161. OCLC 649654938.
Hansen, Harry (1950). North of Manhattan. Hastings House. OCLC 542679., excerpted at The Bronx ... Its History & Perspective Archived June 16, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
"Why The Bronx?". The New York Times. May 9, 1993. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
Duffy, Peter (December 22, 2002). "The Boy Who Saw the Virgin". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2026.
The fact that the immediate layer of bedrock in the Bronx is Fordham gneiss, while that of Manhattan is schist has led to the expression: "The Bronx is gneiss (nice) but Manhattan is schist." Eldredge, Niles and Horenstein, Sidney (2014). Concrete Jungle: New York City and Our Last Best Hope for a Sustainable Future. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 42, n1. ISBN 978-0-520-27015-2. OCLC 888191476.
Van der Plank, J. E. (1965). "Dynamics of Epidemics of Plant Disease". Science. 147 (3654). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 120–124. Bibcode:1965Sci...147..120V. doi:10.1126/science.147.3654.120. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17790685. S2CID 220109549.
Slotnik, Daniel E. (October 23, 2019). "Ray Santos, a Pillar of Latin Jazz, Is Dead at 90". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2024.

The Bronx (English Wikipedia)

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