Tibetan sovereignty debate (English Wikipedia)

Barry Sautman, "Cultural genocide" and Tibet Archived 2010-01-26 at the Wayback Machine, in Texas International Law Journal, ` April 2006, reproduced at allbusiness.com: "every state in the world recognizes that Tibet is part of China, and no state deems Tibet a colony."

amazon.com

Robert Barnett in Steve Lehman, The Tibetans: Struggle to Survive, Umbrage Editions, New York, 1998. pdf p.12 Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine, [2]

ambafrance-uk.org

"Joint communiqué issued by the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2009-10-12.

archive.org

Sperling 2004, p. 17; Shakya 1999, p. 90; Latourette 1964, p. 419; Spence 1999, p. 500 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org Spence, Jonathan (1999), The Search for Modern China (Second ed.), New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-97351-4 – via archive.org
Latourette 1964, p. 253 "an appendage of". Gernet 1972, p. 481 "part of". Goldstein 1989, p. 44 "subordination of Tibet to China". Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Shakya 1999, p. 4 "independent state", Shakya 1999, p. 90 "international legal status" was "independent state". Feigon 1996, p. 119 "border between the two countries" of China and Tibet in 1917. Goldstein 1997, pp. 30-37, Chapter titled "Interlude: De Facto Independence"; Latourette 1964, p. 333 "practically independent" from 1912, 419 "accepted the suzerainty of the Communists" in 1951. Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Feigon, Lee (1996). Demystifying Tibet: Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows. I.R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-089-4. Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997), The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21951-9, ISBN 0-520-21254-1 Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org
Gernet 1996, p. 481 saying "From 1751 onwards Chinese control over Tibet became permanent and remained so more or less ever after, in spite of British efforts to seize possession of this Chinese protectorate at the beginning of the twentieth century." Gernet, Jacques (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Translated by J. R. Foster; Charles Hartman (Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-49781-7 – via archive.org.

archives.gov

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

"Remarks by President Obama and President Xi Jinping in Joint Press Conference Archived 2017-01-22 at the Wayback Machine". 23 November 2014.

atimes.com

Reassessing Tibet Policy by A. Tom Grunfeld Archived 2006-09-06 at the Wayback Machine; Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question by Melvyn C. Goldstein Archived 2006-11-06 at the Wayback Machine; Tibet, the 'great game' and the CIA Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine

bbc.com

"Tibet profile". BBC News. 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2024-09-29.

books.google.com

Wang & Nyima 1997, p. 20; Sperling 2004, p. 21 Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, p. 17; Shakya 1999, p. 90; Latourette 1964, p. 419; Spence 1999, p. 500 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org Spence, Jonathan (1999), The Search for Modern China (Second ed.), New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-97351-4 – via archive.org
Wang & Nyima 1997, p. 20; Grunfeld 1996, p. 256; Sperling 2004, p. 10 Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, pp. 6, 7; Goldstein 1989, p. 72. Both cite the ROC's position paper at the 1914 Simla Conference. Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Feigon 1996, p. 58; Gernet 1972, pp. 369, 384; Goldstein 1997, pp. 3, 4 Feigon, Lee (1996). Demystifying Tibet: Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows. I.R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-089-4. Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997), The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21951-9, ISBN 0-520-21254-1
Goldstein 1997, pp. 4, 5; Feigon 1996, pp. 63–64 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997), The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21951-9, ISBN 0-520-21254-1 Feigon, Lee (1996). Demystifying Tibet: Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows. I.R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-089-4.
Latourette 1964, p. 253 "an appendage of". Gernet 1972, p. 481 "part of". Goldstein 1989, p. 44 "subordination of Tibet to China". Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Feigon 1996, pp. 86, 88, 90 in contrast, claims that the Qing had little control over Tibet and compares Tibet with the Vatican. Feigon, Lee (1996). Demystifying Tibet: Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows. I.R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-089-4.
Shakya 1999, p. 4 "independent state", Shakya 1999, p. 90 "international legal status" was "independent state". Feigon 1996, p. 119 "border between the two countries" of China and Tibet in 1917. Goldstein 1997, pp. 30-37, Chapter titled "Interlude: De Facto Independence"; Latourette 1964, p. 333 "practically independent" from 1912, 419 "accepted the suzerainty of the Communists" in 1951. Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Feigon, Lee (1996). Demystifying Tibet: Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows. I.R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-089-4. Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997), The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21951-9, ISBN 0-520-21254-1 Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org
Melvyn C. Goldstein (with Cynthia M. Beall), Nomads of Western Tibet — The Survival of a Way of Life Archived 2023-04-25 at the Wayback Machine, University of California Press, 1990 ISBN 0520072111, 9780520072114, p. 50 (Historical background): "while Tibet was loosely subordinate to China for several hundred years prior to 1911, between then and 1951, it functioned as a de facto independent political entity, although it never received de jure international recognition of an independent legal status separate from China."
Dalaï-lama, Sofia Stril-Rever, Appel au monde Archived 2023-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, Éditions du Seuil, 2011, p. 1942 (eBook) : "À ce jour, le gouvernement tibétain en exil n'est reconnu par aucune chancellerie." ["To date, the Tibetan government in exile is not recognized by any chancellery."]
Esherick, Joseph; Kayali, Hasan; Van Young, Eric (2006). Empire to Nation: Historical Perspectives on the Making of the Modern World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 245. ISBN 9780742578159. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
Zhai, Zhiyong (2017). 憲法何以中國. City University of HK Press. p. 190. ISBN 9789629373214. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
Gao, Quanxi (2016). 政治憲法與未來憲制. City University of HK Press. p. 273. ISBN 9789629372910. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
Grunfeld 1996, p. 256 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Goldstein 1989, p. 822 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Goldstein 1989, pp. 239–241, 248, 271 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Grunfeld 1996, p. 245, regarding Kham and Amdo: "The historical reality is that the Dalai Lamas have not ruled these outer areas since the mid-eighteenth century, and during the Simla Conference of 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama was even willing to sign away rights to them" Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Goldstein 1989, p. 227 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Goldstein 1989, p. 263 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Diana Lary (1974). Region and nation: the Kwangsi clique in Chinese politics, 1925-1937. Cambridge University Press. p. 124. ISBN 0-521-20204-3. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
Shakya 1999, pp. 7, 11 Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7
For the British and U.S. positions on Tibet, see Goldstein 1989, pp. 386, 399; UK Foreign Office Whitepaper: Tibet and the Question of Chinese Suzerainty (10 April 1943), Foreign Office Records: FO371/35755 and aide-mémoire sent by the US Department of States to the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. (dated 15 May 1943), Foreign Office Records: FO371/35756 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Goldstein 1989, pp. 673–674 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Sir Charles Alfred Bell (1987). Portrait of a Dalai Lama: The Life and Times of the Great Thirteenth. Wisdom. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-86171-055-3.
Isrun Engelhardt (2007). Tibet in 1938-1939: Photographs from the Ernst Schäfer Expedition to Tibet. Kodansha Europe. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-932476-30-9.
Jacob van Kokswijk (2007). Digital Ego: Social and Legal Aspects of Virtual Identity. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. p. 52. ISBN 978-90-5972-203-3. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
Goldstein 1997, p. 71 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997), The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21951-9, ISBN 0-520-21254-1
Charles Bell (1992). Tibet Past and Present. CUP Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 28. ISBN 81-208-1048-1. Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
University of London. Contemporary China Institute, Congress for Cultural Freedom (1960). The China quarterly, Issue 1. p. 88. Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
Roger E. McCarthy (1997). Tears of the lotus: accounts of Tibetan resistance to the Chinese invasion, 1950-1962. McFarland. p. 12. ISBN 0-7864-0331-4. Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
Grunfeld 1996, p. 42 reads in part "Both (Tibetan and Chinese) accounts agree that the Dalai Lama was exempt from the traditional kowtow symbolizing total subservience; he was, however, required to kneel before the emperor." Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Grunfeld 1996, p. 258 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Goldstein 1989, p. 717 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Aide-mémoire sent by the US Department of States to the British Embassy in Washington, D.C.(dated 15 May 1943), Foreign Office Records: FO371/35756, quoted from Goldstein 1989, p. 386 "For its part, the Government of the United States has borne in mind the fact that...the Chinese constitution lists Tibet among areas constituting the territory of the Republic of China. This Government has at no time raised a question regarding either of these claims." Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Goldstein 1989, pp. 401–402 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Melvyn C. Goldstein (2009). A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951-1955. University of California Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780520259959.
Rossabi, Morris (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. University of Washington Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-295-98390-5.
For existence of serfdom and slaves, see Grunfeld 1996, pp. 12–17; Bell 1927, pp. 78–79; for other forms of human rights violation, see Bessac, Frank, "This Was the Perilous Trek to Tragedy", Life, 13 Nov 1950, pp. 130–136, 198, 141; Ford, Robert W., "Wind Between The Worlds", New York, 1957, p. 37; MacDonald, David, "The Land of the Lamas", London, 1929, pp. 196-197 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Grunfeld 1996, p. 180 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Grunfeld 1996, p. 115, saying: 'By most accounts there were some Tibetans who were pleased to see the Han in Tibet. Peter Aufschneiter told British diplomats in Kathmandu that ordinary Tibetans liked the Han because they were honest and they distributed land. Among the younger generation of the nobility it was seen as an opportunity to make some positive changes.' Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Grunfeld 1996, p. 127 saying 'When the communists first arrived in Lhasa, only a few of the aristocracy joined them enthusiastically. In Kham, however, the upper classes welcomed them as potential liberators from the strongly disliked Lhasan officials.' Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2
Goldstein 1989, pp. 676–679, 699, 729–735 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Goldstein 1989, pp. 761–769, 784–812 Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Shakya 1999, p. 306 Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7

cctv.com

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"[视频]达赖访印受滞周总理三劝达赖回国化误解_cctv.com提供". news.cctv.com. Archived from the original on 2008-03-31. Retrieved 2008-04-07.

cfr.org

Bajoria, Jayshree. "The Question of Tibet". www.cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.

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"I. The Consistent Stand Taken by the Successive Chinese Central Governments towards the Sovereignty over Tibet after the Revolution of 1911". www.china-embassy.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-01-29.

china.org.cn

"History of Tibet -- china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
For the PRC's position, see State Council's whitepaper Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation Archived 2006-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, 1992 and Beijing Review's 100 Question about Tibet Archived 2006-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, 1989; for the ROC's position, see Government Information Office's online publication Archived 2006-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
"History of Tibet -- china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 2008-06-23. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
"Did Tibet Become an Independent Country after the Revolution of 1911?" Archived 2004-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, China Internet Information Center
"History of Tibet -- china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 2008-06-23. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
Origins of So-Called "Tibetan Independence Archived 2006-09-18 at the Wayback Machine, Information Office of the State Council, 1992.

chinadaily.com.cn

West is 'waging a new Cold War against China' Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine Chinadaily.com quotes German newspaper. Retrieved on April 17, 2008
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-04/12/content_6612118.htm Archived 2008-04-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 12 April 2008

columbia.edu

Robert Barnett in Steve Lehman, The Tibetans: Struggle to Survive, Umbrage Editions, New York, 1998. pdf p.12 Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine, [2]
"Passages extracted by Robert Barnett from Steve Lehman, The Tibetans: Struggle to Survive, Umbrage Editions, New York, 1998. pdf p.9" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
"Passages extracted by Robert Barnett from Steve Lehman, The Tibetans: Struggle to Survive, Umbrage Editions, New York, 1998. pdf p.13" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-04-13.

cpsa-acsp.ca

Scott David Parker, Department of Political Science, Sierra College Truckee, California, All (Geo-)Politics are Local: the Consequences of the People's Republic of China's Military Doctrine of Local War for the East Asia Region Archived 2014-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Paper submitted for presentation at the Canadian Political Science Association annual meeting, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, June 12–15, 2012 : "In the view of its leadership, the PRC replaced the ROC as the legitimate government of all China under the succession of states theory of international law. That the majority of the world's states agree reinforces this assertion and serves to isolate the Taipei regime".

crwflags.com

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Lama, 14th Dalai. "His Holiness's Middle Way Approach For Resolving the Issue of Tibet". .dalailama.com. Office of His Holiness the Dala Lama. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

dharmakara.net

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Walt Van Praag, Michael C. van, The Status of Tibet: History, Rights and Prospects in International Law Archived 2006-08-26 at the Wayback Machine, (Westview, 1987)

doi.org

Zhu, Yuan Yi (2020). "Suzerainty, Semi-Sovereignty, and International Legal Hierarchies on China's Borderlands". Asian Journal of International Law. 10 (2). Cambridge University Press: 293–320. doi:10.1017/S204425132000020X. S2CID 225302411.

dw-world.de

EU's Barroso Encouraged by Tibet Talks with China Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle, 25 April 2008

eastwestcenter.org

Wang & Nyima 1997, p. 20; Sperling 2004, p. 21 Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, p. 17; Shakya 1999, p. 90; Latourette 1964, p. 419; Spence 1999, p. 500 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org Spence, Jonathan (1999), The Search for Modern China (Second ed.), New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-97351-4 – via archive.org
Wang & Nyima 1997, p. 20; Grunfeld 1996, p. 256; Sperling 2004, p. 10 Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, pp. 6, 7; Goldstein 1989, p. 72. Both cite the ROC's position paper at the 1914 Simla Conference. Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Sperling 2004, p. 21 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, pp. 27–29 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, p. 34 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

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Staff, Britain's suzerain remedy Archived 2008-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist, 6 November 2008

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"EUR-Lex - 51995IP0963 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. 1995. Archived from the original on 2020-05-24. Retrieved 2020-01-29.

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David Miliband, Written Ministerial Statement on Tibet (29/10/2008) Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Foreign Office website. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
Our ability to get our points across has sometimes been clouded by the position the UK took at the start of the 20th century on the status of Tibet, a position based on the geo-politics of the time. Our recognition of China's "special position" in Tibet developed from the outdated concept of suzerainty. Some have used this to cast doubt on the aims we are pursuing and to claim that we are denying Chinese sovereignty over a large part of its own territory. We have made clear to the Chinese Government, and publicly, that we do not support Tibetan independence. Like every other EU member state, and the United States, we regard Tibet as part of the People's Republic of China. Our interest is in long term stability, which can only be achieved through respect for human rights and greater autonomy for the Tibetans.
— British Foreign Secretary

fmprc.gov.cn

Since then Tibet has been regarded by Nepal Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine and the Republic of India Archived 2008-03-06 at the Wayback Machine as a Region of China

fpif.org

Grunfeld. A.T., Reassessing Tibet policy, Foreign Policy in Focus, 2005
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Reassessing Tibet Policy by A. Tom Grunfeld Archived 2006-09-06 at the Wayback Machine; Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question by Melvyn C. Goldstein Archived 2006-11-06 at the Wayback Machine; Tibet, the 'great game' and the CIA Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
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Pawan Sharma (April 2, 2004). "First Tibetan Passport Found after 15 Years". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

gio.gov.tw

For the PRC's position, see State Council's whitepaper Tibet - Its Ownership and Human Rights Situation Archived 2006-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, 1992 and Beijing Review's 100 Question about Tibet Archived 2006-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, 1989; for the ROC's position, see Government Information Office's online publication Archived 2006-07-24 at the Wayback Machine

gpo.gov

Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995, Pub. L. No. 103–236, § 536, 108 Stat. 382, 481 (1994), saying "Because Congress has determined that Tibet is an occupied sovereign country under international law". Congress has imposed a reporting requirement on the Secretary of State regarding, inter alia, the state of relations between the United States and "those recognized by Congress as the true representatives of the Tibetan people.", see also Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, Pub. L. No. 102–138, § 355, 105 Stat. 647, 713 (1991) saying "It is the sense of the Congress that...Tibet...is an occupied country under the established principles of international law [and] Tibet's true representatives are the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government in exile as recognized by the Tibetan people..." (See the Bill Archived 2013-11-19 at the Wayback Machine)

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Anand 2009, pp. 246–247 Anand, Dibyesh (2009), Strategic Hypocrisy: The British Imperial Scripting of Tibet's Geopolitical Identity. The Journal of Asian Studies, 68(1), 227–252., China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5, JSTOR 20619680

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[3] Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine TIBET, TIBET, A PERSONAL HISTORY OF A LOST LAND Nov 17, 2008 Category: Book Reviews

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Martine Bulard, "Chine-Tibet, des identités communes" [China–Tibet, common identities], reproduced on Planète Asie Archived 2012-01-06 at the Wayback Machine from Monde Diplomatique, 30 April 2008: "Rappelons que les Nations unies n’ont jamais inclus le Tibet dans les pays à décoloniser (avant comme après 1971 – date du remplacement de Taïwan par la Chine populaire) et qu’aucun pays n’a reconnu le « gouvernement » tibétain en exil et donc la possibilité d’une indépendance." ["Remember that the United Nations has never included Tibet in the countries to be decolonized (before and after 1971 - when Taiwan was replaced by the People's Republic of China) and that no country has recognized the Tibetan "government" in exile and therefore the possibility of independence."]

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Wang & Nyima 1997, p. 20; Grunfeld 1996, p. 256; Sperling 2004, p. 10 Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, pp. 6, 7; Goldstein 1989, p. 72. Both cite the ROC's position paper at the 1914 Simla Conference. Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Sperling 2004, p. 21 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
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Melvyn C. Goldstein (with Cynthia M. Beall), Nomads of Western Tibet — The Survival of a Way of Life Archived 2023-04-25 at the Wayback Machine, University of California Press, 1990 ISBN 0520072111, 9780520072114, p. 50 (Historical background): "while Tibet was loosely subordinate to China for several hundred years prior to 1911, between then and 1951, it functioned as a de facto independent political entity, although it never received de jure international recognition of an independent legal status separate from China."
Barry Sautman, "Cultural genocide" and Tibet Archived 2010-01-26 at the Wayback Machine, in Texas International Law Journal, ` April 2006, reproduced at allbusiness.com: "every state in the world recognizes that Tibet is part of China, and no state deems Tibet a colony."
Martine Bulard, "Chine-Tibet, des identités communes" [China–Tibet, common identities], reproduced on Planète Asie Archived 2012-01-06 at the Wayback Machine from Monde Diplomatique, 30 April 2008: "Rappelons que les Nations unies n’ont jamais inclus le Tibet dans les pays à décoloniser (avant comme après 1971 – date du remplacement de Taïwan par la Chine populaire) et qu’aucun pays n’a reconnu le « gouvernement » tibétain en exil et donc la possibilité d’une indépendance." ["Remember that the United Nations has never included Tibet in the countries to be decolonized (before and after 1971 - when Taiwan was replaced by the People's Republic of China) and that no country has recognized the Tibetan "government" in exile and therefore the possibility of independence."]
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The World in 1945, no. 4135 Archived 2017-06-23 at the Wayback Machine "The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or any area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers boundaries."
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Our ability to get our points across has sometimes been clouded by the position the UK took at the start of the 20th century on the status of Tibet, a position based on the geo-politics of the time. Our recognition of China's "special position" in Tibet developed from the outdated concept of suzerainty. Some have used this to cast doubt on the aims we are pursuing and to claim that we are denying Chinese sovereignty over a large part of its own territory. We have made clear to the Chinese Government, and publicly, that we do not support Tibetan independence. Like every other EU member state, and the United States, we regard Tibet as part of the People's Republic of China. Our interest is in long term stability, which can only be achieved through respect for human rights and greater autonomy for the Tibetans.
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Sperling 2004, p. 17; Shakya 1999, p. 90; Latourette 1964, p. 419; Spence 1999, p. 500 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Shakya, Tsering (1999), The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, Pimlico, ISBN 978-0-7126-6533-9, ISBN 0-231-11814-7 Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, Their History and Culture (Fourth ed.), New York: Macmillan Company, Library of Congress catalog card number 64-17372 – via archive.org Spence, Jonathan (1999), The Search for Modern China (Second ed.), New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-97351-4 – via archive.org
Wang & Nyima 1997, p. 20; Grunfeld 1996, p. 256; Sperling 2004, p. 10 Wang, Jiawei; Nyima, Gyaincain (1997), The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5 Grunfeld, A. Tom (1996), The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-7656-3455-9, ISBN 978-1-56324-713-2 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sperling 2004, pp. 6, 7; Goldstein 1989, p. 72. Both cite the ROC's position paper at the 1914 Simla Conference. Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1989), A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-91176-5, ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8
Sperling 2004, p. 21 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
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Sperling 2004, p. 34 Sperling, Elliot (2004). The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF). Washington: East-West Center. ISBN 1-932728-13-9. ISSN 1547-1330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-30. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

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"crack bombing at Tibetan township government building". Archived from the original on 2012-04-04. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
"[4] Archived 2008-07-20 at the Wayback Machine." Full Text of Speech By Chinese President Hu Jintao at Tibet's Peaceful Liberation Anniversary Rally

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Tell you a true Tibet -- Peaceful Liberation of Tibet^{[dead link‍]}
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