Transgender (English Wikipedia)

APA 2018. "A glossary: Defining transgender terms". American Psychological Association. 49 (8): 32. September 2018. Archived from the original on 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
APA 2024. "According to the APA Style guide, the term transsexual is largely outdated, but some people identify with it; this term should be used only for an individual who specifically claims it." "Answers to your questions about transgender people". American Psychological Association. 2024-07-08 [2023-03-09]. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
APA 2024. "According to the APA Style guide, the term transsexual is largely outdated, but some people identify with it; this term should be used only for an individual who specifically claims it." "Answers to your questions about transgender people". American Psychological Association. 2024-07-08 [2023-03-09]. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
Glicksman, Eve (April 2013). "Transgender terminology: It's complicated". Monitor on Psychology. 44 (4). American Psychological Association: 39. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013. Use whatever name and gender pronoun the person prefers
Answers to Your Questions About Transgender Individuals and Gender Identity Archived 2010-06-15 at the Wayback Machine report from the website of the American Psychological Association - "What is the relationship between transgender and sexual orientation?"
Answers to Your Questions About Transgender Individuals and Gender Identity Archived 2010-06-15 at the Wayback Machine report from the website of the American Psychological Association - "Is being transgender a mental disorder?"
Morris, Bonnie J. (July 21, 2017). "A brief history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender social movements". www.apa.org. American Psychological Association. Archived from the original on 2023-05-19. Retrieved 26 May 2023.

archive.org

Hines, Sally (2007). TransForming Gender: Transgender Practices of Identity, Intimacy and Care. Bristol: Policy Press. pp. 85–101. ISBN 978-1861349163.

archive.today

June, Daniel (13 June 2013). "Transgender Girl in Maine Seeks Supreme Court's Approval to Use School's Girls Room". JD Journal. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.

bartleby.com

E. D. Hirsch, Jr., E.D., Kett, J.F., Trefil, J. (2002) "Transvestite: Someone who dresses in the clothes usually worn by the opposite sex." in Definition of the word "transvestite" Archived 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine from The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Archived August 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2007-08-13.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Harrison, F. (2005) "...He shows me the book in Arabic in which, 41 years ago, Ayatollah Khomeini wrote about new medical issues like transsexuality. "I believe he was the first Islamic scientist in the world of Islam who raised the issue of sex change," says Hojatulislam Kariminia. The Ayatollah's ruling that sex-change operations were allowed has been reconfirmed by Iran's current spiritual leader..." in Iran's sex-change operations Archived 2007-08-17 at the Wayback Machine, from the BBC Archived 1999-04-21 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
Haviland, C. (2005) "...The Gurung people of western Nepal have a tradition of men called maarunis, who dance in female clothes..." in Crossing sexual boundaries in Nepal Archived 2007-08-28 at the Wayback Machine, from the BBC Archived 1999-04-21 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2007-07-22.

genome.ch.bbc.co.uk

Rayner 1979. Dame-Griff 2023. Rayner, Claire (2 June 1979). "Crossing Over". Radio Times. BBC Radio 4 (published 6 June 1979). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023. Dame-Griff, Avery (2023). The Two Revolutions: A History of the Transgender Internet. NYU Press. pp. 9, 22. ISBN 9781479818341.

bbc.com

"Trump: Transgender people 'can't serve' in US military". BBC News. July 26, 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
"London's first Trans Pride support 'overwhelming'". BBC. 14 September 2019. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

bmj.com

bmjopen.bmj.com

Landau, Nitsan; Hamiel, Uri; Latzer, Itay Tokatly; Mauda, Elinor; Levek, Noah; Tripto-Shkolnik, Liana; Pinhas-Hamiel, Orit (2020). "Paediatricians' attitudes and beliefs towards transgender people: a cross-sectional survey in Israel". BMJ Open. 10 (4): e031569. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031569. PMC 7204925. PMID 32341041. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-08-21.

books.google.com

Bevan 2014. "The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince." Referencing Oliven 1965, p. 514. Bevan, Dana J. (17 November 2014). The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio/Greenwood Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 9781440831270. OCLC 1021404840. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022. Oliven, John F. (1965). Sexual Hygiene and Pathology: A Manual for the Physician and the Professions (2nd ed.). Lippincott. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
Franklin 2014, p. 740. "Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identities, gender expressions, and/or behaviors are different from those culturally associated with the sex that they were assigned at birth. Transgender encompasses a wide variety of identities including, but not limited to, transsexual, genderqueer, bi-gender, third gender, cross-dresser, and drag king/queen." Franklin, Kolbe (2014). "Transgender Lifestyles". In Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1483364698.
Franklin 2014, p. 740. "Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identities, gender expressions, and/or behaviors are different from those culturally associated with the sex that they were assigned at birth. Transgender encompasses a wide variety of identities including, but not limited to, transsexual, genderqueer, bi-gender, third gender, cross-dresser, and drag king/queen." Franklin, Kolbe (2014). "Transgender Lifestyles". In Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1483364698.
Franklin 2014, p. 740. "Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identities, gender expressions, and/or behaviors are different from those culturally associated with the sex that they were assigned at birth. Transgender encompasses a wide variety of identities including, but not limited to, transsexual, genderqueer, bi-gender, third gender, cross-dresser, and drag king/queen." Franklin, Kolbe (2014). "Transgender Lifestyles". In Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1483364698.
Lamm & Eckstein 2015, p. 745. "Many transgender people experience gender dysphoria – distress that results from the discordance of biological sex and experienced gender. Treatment for gender dysphoria, considered to be highly effective, includes physical, medical, and/or surgical treatments [...] some [transgender people] may not choose to transition at all." Lamm, Marnie; Eckstein, Barbara (19 November 2015). "Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Health". In Maizes, Victoria; Low Dog, Tieraona (eds.). Integrative Women's Health. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190214807.
Simon 2017. "According to scholars, the word first appeared in print in John F. Oliven's 1965 book, Sexual Hygiene and Pathology. Oliven writes: 'Where the compulsive urge reaches beyond female vestments, and becomes an urge for gender ("sex") change, transvestism becomes transsexualism. The term is misleading; actually, transgenderism is what is meant, because sexuality is not a major factor in primary transvestism.' Although Oliven's understanding of transgender is not the same as our understanding of it today, his use of it is still significant. As K.J. Rawson and Cristan Williams note in their book, Transgender*: The Rhetorical Landscape of a Term, Oliven didn't use the word in the book's 1955 edition; it was added later, when the second edition was revised and published. Gradually, some members of this marginalized community began to apply the word transgender to themselves. For example, Virginia Charles Prince, publisher of the long-running periodical Transvestia, occasionally used a variation of the word, transgenderal." Quoting Oliven 1965, p. 514, and referencing Rawson & Williams 2014. Simon, Ray (2017). "Stirring up the origin of the 'alphabet soup'". Erie Gay News. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Oliven, John F. (1965). Sexual Hygiene and Pathology: A Manual for the Physician and the Professions (2nd ed.). Lippincott. Retrieved 2020-08-22. Rawson, K. J.; Williams, Cristan (2014). "Transgender*: The Rhetorical Landscape of a term". Present Tense: A Journal of Rhetoric in Society. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 2017-05-15. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
Ekins & King 2006, pp. 13–14. Ekins, Richard; King, Dave (2006). The Transgender Phenomenon. Sage. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-7619-7163-4.
Vincent, Ben (2020). Non-Binary Genders: Navigating Communities, Identities, and Healthcare. Bristol, UK: Policy Press. p. 17, note 10. doi:10.2307/j.ctv138wrbg. ISBN 978-1-4473-5192-4. JSTOR j.ctv138wrbg. S2CID 225850961.
Hickman, H.; Porfilio, B.J. (2012). The New Politics of the Textbook: Problematizing the Portrayal of Marginalized Groups in Textbooks. Constructing Knowledge: Curriculum Studies in Action. SensePublishers. p. 235. ISBN 978-94-6091-912-1. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
Boslaugh, Sarah (3 August 2018). Transgender Health Issues. ABC-CLIO. pp. 43–44. ISBN 9781440858888. OCLC 1031430413. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
Currah, Paisley; M. Juang, Richard; Minter, Shannon Price, eds. (2006). Transgender Rights. Minnesota University Press. pp. 51–73. ISBN 978-0-8166-4312-7. Archived from the original on 2021-05-04. Retrieved 2020-11-07.

boston.com

Sudborough 2022. Sudborough, Susannah (2022-06-22). "Rita Hester's murder and legacy are important to Boston, so she's getting a mural in Allston". Boston.com. Archived from the original on 2023-05-30. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

britannica.com

Britannica 2024. "Transgender". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2024-09-18. Archived from the original on 2024-09-23. Retrieved 2024-09-24.

cbc.ca

Easton 2022. Easton, Rob (27 April 2022). "'Historic' census data sheds light on number of trans and non-binary people for the first time". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
CBC 2013. "Nenshi proclaims Trans Day of Visibility". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
Tasker, John Paul (June 16, 2017). "Canada enacts protections for transgender community". CBC News. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.

cbsnews.com

Adams, Cydney (March 24, 2017). "The difference between sexual orientation and gender identity". CBS News. Viacom CBS. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

ccdi.ca

"Overview of Human Rights Codes by Province and Territory in Canada" (PDF). Canadian Center for Diversity and Inclusion. January 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-09-03.

cdc.gov

CDC 2020. "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Transgender Persons". CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. September 29, 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

census.gov

Harris, Benjamin Cerf (2015). "Likely Transgender Individuals in U.S. Federal Administrative Records and the 2010 Census" (PDF). Census.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2019-08-23.

charlotteobserver.com

Garloch 2016. Garloch, Karen (9 May 2016). "What it means to be transgender: Answers to 5 key questions". Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

clevelandclinic.org

health.clevelandclinic.org

Cleveland Clinic 2022. Cleveland Clinic (November 8, 2022). "AFAB and AMAB: What the Sex You're Assigned at Birth Means for Your Health". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

cnn.com

Grinberg, Emanuella (May 14, 2016). "Feds issue guidance on transgender access to school bathrooms". CNN. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
Kate Sullivan (25 January 2021). "Biden lifts transgender military ban". CNN. Archived from the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
Hahn, L. (2005) "...Aware that he often felt more like a woman than a man, Jin Xing underwent a sex change in 1995; a daring move in a conservative Chinese society..." in Jin Xing TalkAsia Interview Transcript – June 13, 2005 Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine from CNN Archived 2001-09-11 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2007-07-22.

coe.int

hudoc.echr.coe.int

"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". hudoc.echr.coe.int. Archived from the original on 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2017-10-18.

collinsdictionary.com

"Out definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2024-12-19.

cristanwilliams.com

research.cristanwilliams.com

Peo 1984. Peo, Roger E (1984). "The 'Origins' and 'Cures' for Transgender Behavior". The TV-TS Tapestry. Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
ICTLEP 1992. "Transgendered persons include transsexuals, transgenderists, and other crossdressers of both sexes, transitioning in either direction (male to female or female to male), of any sexual orientation, and of all races, creeds, religions, ages, and degrees of physical impediment." "First International Conference on Transgender Law and Employment Policy (1992)". organizational pamphlet. ICTLEP. 1992. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
Parker, Jerry (October 18, 1979). "Christine Recalls Life as Boy from the Bronx". Newsday/Winnipeg Free Press. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012. If you understand trans-genders," she says, (the word she prefers to transsexuals), "then you understand that gender doesn't have to do with bed partners, it has to do with identity.
"News From California: 'Transgender'". Appeal-Democrat/Associate Press. May 11, 1982. pp. A–10. Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012. she describes people who have had such operations' "transgender" rather than transsexual. "Sexuality is who you sleep with, but gender is who you are," she explained

cuhk.edu.hk

Hung, L. (2007) "...there are many archetypal flamboyant embodiments of female-to-male transgender physicality living and displaying their unrestrained, dashing iconic presence..." in Trans-Boy Fashion, or How to Tailor-Make a King Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine from the Gender Studies programme of The Chinese University of Hong Kong . Retrieved 2007-07-22.

danwei.org

Goldkorn, J. (2006) "...At one point in 2003, there was so much media coverage of transsexuals in China that Danwei started a special section for it..." in Transsexuals in the Chinese media again Archived 2007-08-27 at the Wayback Machine from Danwei Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2007-07-22.

defense.gov

Cronk, Terri Moon (June 30, 2016). "Transgender Service Members Can Now Serve Openly, Carter Announces". Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.

doi.org

Ashley, Florence; Brightly-Brown, Shari; Rider, G. Nic (2024-06-10). "Beyond the trans/cis binary: introducing new terms will enrich gender research". Nature. 630 (8016): 293–295. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-01719-9.
Polly & Nicole 2011, p. 57. "The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas. There are some transsexual individuals, however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history." Polly, Ryan; Nicole, Julie (March 2011). "Understanding transsexual patients: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice". Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 33 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4. ISSN 1931-4485. PMID 21317698. S2CID 2481961. Archived from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
Johnson et al. 2019. Johnson, Austin H.; Hill, Ivy; Beach-Ferrara, Jasmine; Rogers, Baker A.; Bradford, Andrew (2019-12-11). "Common barriers to healthcare for transgender people in the U.S. Southeast". International Journal of Transgender Health. 21 (1): 70–78. doi:10.1080/15532739.2019.1700203. ISSN 2689-5269. PMC 7430435. PMID 33015660.
Lombardi et al. 2008. Lombardi, Emilia L.; Wilchins, Riki Anne; Priesing, Dana; Malouf, Diana (October 2008). "Gender Violence: Transgender Experiences with Violence and Discrimination". Journal of Homosexuality. 42 (1): 89–101. doi:10.1300/J082v42n01_05. PMID 11991568. S2CID 34886642.
Bradford et al. 2013. Bradford, Judith; Reisner, Sari L.; Honnold, Julie A.; Xavier, Jessica (2013). "Experiences of Transgender-Related Discrimination and Implications for Health: Results From the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study". American Journal of Public Health. 103 (10): 1820–1829. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300796. PMC 3780721. PMID 23153142.
Polly & Nicole 2011. Polly, Ryan; Nicole, Julie (March 2011). "Understanding transsexual patients: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice". Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 33 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4. ISSN 1931-4485. PMID 21317698. S2CID 2481961. Archived from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
Ekins & King 1999. "Virginia Prince pioneered the term 'transgenderist' and 'transgenderal' (Prince, 1976: 145) to refer to people who lived full-time in the gender opposite their biological sex, but did not seek sex/gender re-assignment surgery. Richard Ekins established the Trans-Gender Archive, at the University of Ulster, in 1986 (Ekins, 1988). The term was chosen to provide an umbrella concept which avoided such medical categories as transsexual and transvestite; which included the widest possible range of transgender phenomena; and which took the sociological view that aspects of sex, sexuality and gender (not just gender), including the binary divide, all have socially constructed components. Not long afterwards, the 'transgender community' came to be used as an umbrella term to include transsexuals, transvestites, transgenderists, drag queens, and so on, as well as (in some uses) to include their partners and friends and professional service providers." Ekins, Richard; King, Dave (1999). "Towards a Sociology of Transgendered Bodies". The Sociological Review. 47 (3): 580–602. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.00185. S2CID 144738527.
Bouman 2020, ¶ 5. Bouman, Walter Pierre (8 January 2020). "Sumamus exordio: International Journal of Transgender Health". International Journal of Transgender Health. 21 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/15532739.2020.1709316. PMC 7430473. PMID 33015654.
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"[R]esearch in this field is extremely controversial." Danker et al. 2018 Danker, Sara; Narayan, Sasha K.; Bluebond-Langner, Rachel; Schechter, Loren S.; Berli, Jens U. (August 2018). "A Survey Study of Surgeons' Experience with Regret and/or Reversal of Gender-Confirmation Surgeries". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open. 6 (9 Suppl): 189. doi:10.1097/01.GOX.0000547077.23299.00. ISSN 2169-7574. PMC 6212091.
Hall, R.; Mitchell, L.; Sachdeva, J. (1 October 2021). "Access to care and frequency of detransition among a cohort discharged by a UK national adult gender identity clinic: retrospective case-note review". BJPsych Open. 7 (6): e184. doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.1022. ISSN 2056-4724. PMC 8503911. PMID 34593070. Rates of detransitioning are unknown, with estimates ranging from less than 1% to 8%.
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Shim, S. (2006) "...Rush, catering especially to crossdressers and transgenders, is a cafe owned by a 46-year-old man who goes by the female name Lee Cho-rong. "...Many people in South Korea don't really understand the difference between gay and transgender. I'm not gay. I was born a man but eager to live as a woman and be beautiful," said Lee..." in S. Korea in dilemma over transgender citizens right to choose Archived 2007-08-17 at the Wayback Machine from the Yonhap News Agency Archived 2007-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2007-07-22.