Trap–neuter–return (English Wikipedia)

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Levy, Julie K.; Crawford, Patti Cynda (November 1, 2004). "Humane strategies for controlling feral cat populations" (PDF). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 225 (9): 1354–60. doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.1354. PMID 15552308. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
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Foley, Patrick; Foley, Janet E. (2005). "Analysis of the impact of trap-neuter-return programs on populations of feral cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 227 (11): 1775–1781. doi:10.2460/javma.2005.227.1775. PMID 16342526. Retrieved April 15, 2025.

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Boone, John D. (August 25, 2015). "Better trap–neuter–return for free-roaming cats: Using models and monitoring to improve population management". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 17 (9): 800–807. doi:10.1177/1098612X15594995. PMC 11148983. PMID 26323805. S2CID 38650821.
Loss, Scott R.; Boughton, Brooke (2022). "Review and synthesis of the global literature on domestic cat impacts on wildlife". Journal of Animal Ecology. 91 (7): 1361–1372. Bibcode:2022JAnEc..91.1361L. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13745. PMID 35593055. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
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Hughes, Kathy L.; Slater, Margaret R. (2002). "The Effects of Implementing a Feral Cat Spay/Neuter Program in a Florida County Animal Control Service". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 5 (4): 285–298. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.9583. doi:10.1207/S15327604JAWS0504_03. PMID 16221079. S2CID 25906054.
Coe, Seraiah T; Elmore, Jared A. (December 23, 2021). "Free-ranging domestic cat abundance and sterilization percentage following five years of a trap–neuter–return program". Wildlife Biology. 2021 (1): 1. Bibcode:2021WildB202100799C. doi:10.2981/wlb.00799. S2CID 233938210.
Roebling, Allison D; Johnson, Dana (June 2014). "Rabies Prevention and Management of Cats in the Context of Trap, Neuter, Vaccinate, Release Programs". Zoonoses Public Health. 61 (4): 290–296. doi:10.1111/zph.12070. PMC 5120395. PMID 23859607. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
Bucklin, Danielle M.; Shedden, Jennifer M. (Spring 2023). "Do trap-neuter-return (TNR) practices contribute to human–coyote conflicts in southern California?". Human–Wildlife Interactions. 17 (1). doi:10.26077/b86e-600f.
Debrot, Adolphe O.; Ruijter, Martin N. M. (January 17, 2022). "A renewed call for conservation leadership 10 years further in the feral cat Trap-Neuter-Return debate and new opportunities for constructive dialogue". Conservation Science and Practice. 4 (4). Bibcode:2022ConSP...4E2641D. doi:10.1111/csp2.12641. S2CID 246512934.
McCarthy, Robert J.; Levine, Stephen H.; Reed, J. Michael (August 15, 2013). "Estimation of effectiveness of three methods of feral cat population control by use of a simulation model". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 243 (4): 502–511. doi:10.2460/javma.243.4.502. PMID 23902443. S2CID 16116016.
Levy, Julie K.; Cornell, Heather N.; Kreisler, Rachael E. (2019). "Decrease in Population and Increase in Welfare of Community Cats in a Twenty-Three Year Trap-Neuter-Return Program in Key Largo, FL: The ORCAT Program". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 6: 7. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00007. ISSN 2297-1769. PMC 6367225. PMID 30775368.
Levy, Julie K.; Gale, David W.; Gale, Leslie A. (January 1, 2003). "Evaluation of the effect of a long-term trap–neuter–return and adoption program on a free-roaming cat population" (PDF). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 222 (1): 42–46. doi:10.2460/javma.2003.222.42. PMID 12523478. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
Spehar, Daniel D.; Wolf, Peter J. (October 31, 2017). "An Examination of an Iconic Trap-Neuter-Return Program: The Newburyport, Massachusetts Case Study". Animals. 7 (11): 81. doi:10.3390/ani7110081. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 5704110. PMID 29088106.
Foley, Patrick; Foley, Janet E. (2005). "Analysis of the impact of trap-neuter-return programs on populations of feral cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 227 (11): 1775–1781. doi:10.2460/javma.2005.227.1775. PMID 16342526. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
Andersen, Mark C.; Martin, Brent J.; Roemer, Gary W. (December 15, 2004). "Use of matrix population models to estimate the efficacy of euthanasia versus trap-neuter-return for management of free-roaming cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 225 (12): 1871–1876. doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.1871. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 15643836. S2CID 17789584.
Swarbrick, Helen; Rand, Jacquie (May 17, 2018). "Application of a Protocol Based on Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) to Manage Unowned Urban Cats on an Australian University Campus". Animals. 8 (5): 77. doi:10.3390/ani8050077. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 5981288. PMID 29772788.
Longcore, Travis; Rich, Catherine; Sullivan, Lauren M.; et al. (2009). "Critical Assessment of Claims Regarding Management of Feral Cats by Trap–Neuter–Return" (PDF). Conservation Biology. 23 (4): 887–894. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01174.x. PMID 19245489. S2CID 48293. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2014 – via UrbanWildlands.org.
Levy, Julie K.; Crawford, Patti Cynda (November 1, 2004). "Humane strategies for controlling feral cat populations" (PDF). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 225 (9): 1354–60. doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.1354. PMID 15552308. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
Hughes, Kathy L.; Slater, Margaret R.; Haller, Linda (October 2002). "The Effects of Implementing a Feral Cat Spay/Neuter Program in a Florida County Animal Control Service". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 5 (4): 285–298. doi:10.1207/s15327604jaws0504_03. ISSN 1088-8705. PMID 16221079. S2CID 25906054. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
Lohr, Cheryl A.; Cox, Linda J. (2012). "Costs and Benefits of Trap-Neuter-Release and Euthanasia for Removal of Urban Cats in Oahu, Hawaii". Conservation Biology. 27 (1): 64–73. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01935.x. PMID 23009077. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
Benka, Valerie A.; Boone, John D.; Miller, Philip S.; Briggs, Joyce R.; Anderson, Aaron M.; Slootmaker, Christopher; Slater, Margaret; Levy, Julie K.; Nutter, Felicia B.; Zawistowski, Stephen (November 29, 2022). "Guidance for management of free-roaming community cats: a bioeconomic analysis". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 24 (10): 975–985. doi:10.1177/1098612X211055685. ISSN 1532-2750. PMC 9511502. PMID 34842477.
Hayward, Andrea; Lamb, Kate; Fisher, Gina; Rand, Jacquie (2019). "Public Opinions on Strategies for Managing Stray Cats and Predictors of Opposition to Trap-Neuter and Return in Brisbane, Australia". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5: 290. doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00290. ISSN 2297-1769. PMC 6387915. PMID 30834249.
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Finkler, Hilit; Gunther, Idit; Terkel, Joseph (May 1, 2011). "Behavioral differences between urban feeding groups of neutered and sexually intact free-roaming cats following a trap-neuter-return procedure". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 238 (9): 1141–1149. doi:10.2460/javma.238.9.1141. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 21529236.
Hughes, Kathy L.; Slater, Margaret R. (2002). "Implementation of a feral cat management program on a university campus". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 5 (1): 15–28. doi:10.1207/S15327604JAWS0501_2. ISSN 1088-8705. PMID 12738586. S2CID 11650452.
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Ho, Ying-Yi; Chang, Hsueh-Wen (September 2024). "Effectiveness of the trap-neuter-return method for free-roaming dog management in an urban protected area: Wildlife cannot wait". Global Ecology and Conservation. 53 e02990. Bibcode:2024GEcoC..5302990H. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02990. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
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Berteselli GV, Rapagnà C, Salini R, Badagliacca P, Bellucci F, Iannino F, Dalla Villa P. (October 30, 2021). "A Pilot Study to Develop an Assessment Tool for Dogs Undergoing Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) in Italy. An Overview on the National Implementation of TNR Programmes". Animals. 11 (11): 3107. doi:10.3390/ani11113107. PMC 8614265. PMID 34827842.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Lepczyk, Christopher A.; Duffy, David C. (August 20, 2022). "A science-based policy for managing free-roaming cats". Biological Invasions. 24 (12): 3693–3701. Bibcode:2022BiInv..24.3693L. doi:10.1007/s10530-022-02888-2. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
Coe, Seraiah T; Elmore, Jared A. (December 23, 2021). "Free-ranging domestic cat abundance and sterilization percentage following five years of a trap–neuter–return program". Wildlife Biology. 2021 (1): 1. Bibcode:2021WildB202100799C. doi:10.2981/wlb.00799. S2CID 233938210.
Debrot, Adolphe O.; Ruijter, Martin N. M. (January 17, 2022). "A renewed call for conservation leadership 10 years further in the feral cat Trap-Neuter-Return debate and new opportunities for constructive dialogue". Conservation Science and Practice. 4 (4). Bibcode:2022ConSP...4E2641D. doi:10.1111/csp2.12641. S2CID 246512934.
Dickman, Chris R.; Ritchie, Euan G.; Nimmo, Dale G.; Glen, Alistair S.; Doherty, Tim S. (October 4, 2016). "Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (40): 11261–11265. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11311261D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602480113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5056110. PMID 27638204.
Ho, Ying-Yi; Chang, Hsueh-Wen (September 2024). "Effectiveness of the trap-neuter-return method for free-roaming dog management in an urban protected area: Wildlife cannot wait". Global Ecology and Conservation. 53 e02990. Bibcode:2024GEcoC..5302990H. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02990. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
Trouwborst, Arie; McCormack, Phillipa (February 2020). "Domestic cats and their impacts on biodiversity: A blind spot in the application of nature conservation law". People and Nature. 2 (1): 235–250. Bibcode:2020PeoNa...2..235T. doi:10.1002/pan3.10073. S2CID 214180358.

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Spehar, Daniel D.; Wolf, Peter J. (October 31, 2017). "An Examination of an Iconic Trap-Neuter-Return Program: The Newburyport, Massachusetts Case Study". Animals. 7 (11): 81. doi:10.3390/ani7110081. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 5704110. PMID 29088106.
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Benka, Valerie A.; Boone, John D.; Miller, Philip S.; Briggs, Joyce R.; Anderson, Aaron M.; Slootmaker, Christopher; Slater, Margaret; Levy, Julie K.; Nutter, Felicia B.; Zawistowski, Stephen (November 29, 2022). "Guidance for management of free-roaming community cats: a bioeconomic analysis". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 24 (10): 975–985. doi:10.1177/1098612X211055685. ISSN 1532-2750. PMC 9511502. PMID 34842477.
Hayward, Andrea; Lamb, Kate; Fisher, Gina; Rand, Jacquie (2019). "Public Opinions on Strategies for Managing Stray Cats and Predictors of Opposition to Trap-Neuter and Return in Brisbane, Australia". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5: 290. doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00290. ISSN 2297-1769. PMC 6387915. PMID 30834249.
Dickman, Chris R.; Ritchie, Euan G.; Nimmo, Dale G.; Glen, Alistair S.; Doherty, Tim S. (October 4, 2016). "Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (40): 11261–11265. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11311261D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602480113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5056110. PMID 27638204.
Berteselli GV, Rapagnà C, Salini R, Badagliacca P, Bellucci F, Iannino F, Dalla Villa P. (October 30, 2021). "A Pilot Study to Develop an Assessment Tool for Dogs Undergoing Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) in Italy. An Overview on the National Implementation of TNR Programmes". Animals. 11 (11): 3107. doi:10.3390/ani11113107. PMC 8614265. PMID 34827842.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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Trap–neuter–return (English Wikipedia)

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