Tunicate (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tunicate" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

50nih.gov

4^th place

46doi.org

2^nd place

19semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

17harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

6worldcat.org

5^th place

5web.archive.org

1^st place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

3archive.org

6^th place

2marinespecies.org

973^rd place

894^th place

2etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

2psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

2microscopy-uk.org.uk

low place

2handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

2archives-ouvertes.fr

1,031^st place

879^th place

2noaa.gov

212^th place

172^nd place

1nerc.ac.uk

9,617^th place

5,568^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1itis.gov

656^th place

1,126^th place

1australian.museum

low place

6,629^th place

1reference.com

657^th place

613^th place

1si.edu

340^th place

295^th place

1core.ac.uk

1,734^th place

1,312^th place

1techexplorist.com

low place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

462^nd place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

297^th place

1sciencedirect.com

149^th place

178^th place

1taylorfrancis.com

3,142^nd place

2,072^nd place

1pnwscuba.com

low place

1usgs.gov

167^th place

198^th place

1jsonline.com

1,392^nd place

753^rd place

1sciencedaily.com

993^rd place

920^th place

1uchicago.edu

230^th place

214^th place

1cleantechnica.com

7,748^th place

5,149^th place

1unimi.it

9,889^th place

low place

archive.org

Foster, M. (ed.); Sedgwick, Adam (ed.); The Works of Francis Maitland Balfour. Vol. III. Memorial edition. Pub: Macmillan and co. 1885. May be downloaded from [1]
Dorit, R.L.; Walker, W.F. & Barnes, R.D. (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. pp. 802–804. ISBN 978-0-03-030504-7 – via archive.org.
Dennett, Daniel C. (1991). Consciousness Explained. Little Brown & Co. p. 177. ISBN 978-0316-18065-8.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal-sde.archives-ouvertes.fr

Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Delsuc, F.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Lartillot, N.; Philippe, H. (2008). "Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny". Genesis. 46 (11): 592–604. doi:10.1002/dvg.20450. PMID 19003928. S2CID 205771088.

australian.museum

"Sea squirts and sea tulips". Australian Museum. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Introduction to the Urochordata". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

books.google.com

Gee, H. (27 July 2007). Before the Backbone: Views on the origin of the vertebrates. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780585252728 – via Google Books.
Schlosser, Gerhard (17 June 2021). Evolutionary Origin of Sensory and Neurosecretory Cell Types: Vertebrate Cranial Placodes, volume 2. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-000-36913-7.
Response of Marine Ecosystems to Global Change: Ecological Impact of Appendicularians

cambridge.org

A rare case of an evolutionary late and ephemeral biomineralization: tunicates with composite calcareous skeletons

cleantechnica.com

"Biofuel made from marine filter feeders? Tunicates usable as source of biofuels". Cleantechnica. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

core.ac.uk

Tokioka, Takasi (30 June 1971). "Phylogenetic Speculation of the Tunicata" (PDF). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 19 (1): 47. doi:10.5134/175655. S2CID 55491438.

doi.org

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Swalla, B. J.; Trusler, P.; Hall, M. (2012). "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians". Paleontological Journal. 46 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2012PalJ...46....1F. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042. S2CID 128415270.
Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (1 December 2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. Bibcode:2021PalZ...95..623M. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 244957825.
Nielsen, C. (2012). "The authorship of higher chordate taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435–436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x. S2CID 83266247.
Giribet, Gonzalo (27 April 2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Tatián, Marcos; Lagger, Cristian; Demarchi, Milagros; Mattoni, Camilo (2011). "Molecular phylogeny endorses the relationship between carnivorous and filter-feeding tunicates (Tunicata, Ascidiacea)". Zoologica Scripta. 40 (6): 603–612. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00493.x. S2CID 86421513.
Onai T (2018). "The evolutionary origin of chordate segmentation: revisiting the enterocoel theory". Theory Biosci. 137 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s12064-018-0260-y. PMID 29488055. S2CID 3553695.
Bone, Q., and K. P. Ryan (1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327. Retrieved 13 May 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Alié, Alexandre; Hiebert, Laurel S.; Scelzo, Marta; Tiozzo, Stefano (19 March 2020). "The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 336 (3): 250–266. Bibcode:2021JEZB..336..250A. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22940. PMID 32190983. S2CID 213181394.
Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.
Delsuc, F.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Lartillot, N.; Philippe, H. (2008). "Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny". Genesis. 46 (11): 592–604. doi:10.1002/dvg.20450. PMID 19003928. S2CID 205771088.
Singh, T. R.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Delsuc, F.; Blanquart, S.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Douzery, E. J.; Huchon, D. (2009). "Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny". BMC Genomics. 10: 534. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-534. PMC 2785839. PMID 19922605.
Zeng, L.; Swalla, B. J. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny of the protochordates: chordate evolution". Can. J. Zool. 83: 24–33. doi:10.1139/z05-010.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Delsuc F, Philippe H, Tsagkogeorga G, Simion P, Tilak MK, Turon X, López-Legentil S, Piette J, Lemaire P, Douzery EJ (April 2018). "A phylogenomic framework and timescale for comparative studies of tunicates". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0499-2. PMC 5899321. PMID 29653534.
Tokioka, Takasi (30 June 1971). "Phylogenetic Speculation of the Tunicata" (PDF). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 19 (1): 47. doi:10.5134/175655. S2CID 55491438.
Franchi, Nicola; Ballarin, Loriano (2017). "Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 674. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00674. PMC 5465252. PMID 28649250.
Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Chen, Jun-Yuan; Huang, Di-Ying; Peng, Qing-Qing; Chi, Hui-Mei; Wang,Xiu-Qiang; Feng, Man (2003). "The first tunicate from the Early Cambrian of South China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8314–8318. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8314C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431177100. PMC 166226. PMID 12835415.
Wendt, Jobst (25 July 2018). Hautmann, Michael (ed.). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef.
Syvanen, M.; Ducore, J. (2010). "Whole genome comparisons reveals a possible chimeric origin for a major metazoan assemblage". Journal of Biological Systems. 18 (2): 261–275. doi:10.1142/S0218339010003408.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Nakayama-Ishimura, Akie; Chambon, Jean-Phillippe; Horie, Takeo; Satoh, Nori; Sasakura, Yasunori (2009). "Delineating metamorphic pathways in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Developmental Biology. 326 (2): 357–367. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.11.026. PMID 19100250.
Renganathan, T.K. (2020). "Ascidians". Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean. pp. 507–534. doi:10.1201/9781003077992-16. ISBN 9781003077992. S2CID 241318821.
Lemaire, Patrick; Piette, Jacques (2015). "Tunicates: Exploring the sea shores and roaming the open ocean. A tribute to Thomas Huxley". Open Biology. 5 (6): 150053. doi:10.1098/rsob.150053. PMC 4632506. PMID 26085517.
Fodor ACA; Powers, M. M.; Andrykovich, K.; Liu, J.; Lowe, E. K.; Brown, C. T.; Di Gregorio, A.; Stolfi, A.; Swalla, B. J. (2021). "The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61 (2): 358–369. doi:10.1093/icb/icab022. PMC 10452958. PMID 33881514.
Ostrovsky, A. N.; Lidgard, S.; Gordon, D. P.; Schwaha, T.; Genikhovich, G.; Ereskovsky, A. V. (2015). "Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: A new paradigm". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 91 (3): 673–711. doi:10.1111/brv.12189. PMC 5098176. PMID 25925633.
Odate, S. & Pawlik, J.R. (2007). "The role of vanadium in the chemical defense of the solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (3): 643–654. Bibcode:2007JCEco..33..643O. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9251-z. PMID 17265174. S2CID 116921.
Pisut, D.P. & Pawlik, J.R. (2002). "Anti-predatory chemical defenses of ascidians: Secondary metabolites or inorganic acids?". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 270 (2): 203–214. Bibcode:2002JEMBE.270..203P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.558.3639. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00023-0.
Matthysse, A.G.; Deschet, K.; Williams, M.; Marry, M.; White, A.R. & Smith, W.C. (2004). "A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (4): 986–991. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..986M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0303623101. PMC 327129. PMID 14722352.
Hirose, E.; Nakashima, K. & Nishino, A. (2011). "Is there intracellular cellulose in the appendicularian tail epidermis? A tale of the adult tail of an invertebrate chordate". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 4 (6): 768–771. doi:10.4161/cib.17757. PMC 3306355. PMID 22446551.
Sasakura, Y.; Ogura, Y.; Treen, N.; et al. (2016). "Transcriptional regulation of a horizontally transferred gene from bacterium to chordate". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283 (1845): 20161712. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1712. PMC 5204163. PMID 28003446.
Sasakura, Y.; Nakashima, K.; Awazu, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nakayama, A.; Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2005). "Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis revealed the functions of animal cellulose synthase in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (42): 15134–15139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215134S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503640102. PMC 1257696. PMID 16214891.
Mackie, G. O.; Burighel, P. (2005). "The nervous system in adult tunicates: current research directions". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83 (1): 151–183. doi:10.1139/z04-177.
Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Developmental biology: A chordate with a difference". Nature. 447 (1): 153–155. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..153H. doi:10.1038/447153a. PMID 17495912. S2CID 5549210.
Sawada H, Morita M, Iwano M (August 2014). "Self/non-self recognition mechanisms in sexual reproduction: new insight into the self-incompatibility system shared by flowering plants and hermaphroditic animals". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 450 (3): 1142–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.099. PMID 24878524.
Bernstein, H; Hopf, FA; Michod, RE (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex". Molecular Genetics of Development. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 24. pp. 323–70. doi:10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60012-7. ISBN 9780120176243. PMID 3324702.
Gasparini, F; Manni, L; Cima, F; Zaniolo, G; Burighel, P; Caicci, F; Franchi, N; Schiavon, F; Rigon, F; Campagna, D; Ballarin, L (July 2014). "Sexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri". Genesis. 53 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1002/dvg.22802. hdl:11380/1252898. PMID 25044771. S2CID 205772576.
Ganot P, Bouquet JM, Kallesøe T, Thompson EM (February 2007). "The Oikopleura coenocyst, a unique chordate germ cell permitting rapid, extensive modulation of oocyte production". Dev. Biol. 302 (2): 591–600. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.021. PMID 17126826.
Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.
Iannelli, F.; Pesole, G.; Sordino, P.; Gissi, C. (2007). "Mitogenomics reveals two cryptic species in Ciona intestinalis" (PDF). Trends Genet. 23 (9): 419–422. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.07.001. hdl:2434/63110. PMID 17640763.
Yokobori, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Oshima, T. (2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): Comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". J. Mol. Evol. 57 (5): 574–587. Bibcode:2003JMolE..57..574Y. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316. S2CID 19474615.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Small, K. S.; Brudno, M.; Hill, M. M.; Sidow, A. (2007). "A haplome alignment and reference sequence of the highly polymorphic Ciona savignyi genome". Genome Biol. 8 (3): R41. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r41. PMC 1868934. PMID 17374142.
Seo, H. C.; Kube, M.; Edvardsen, R. B.; Jensen, M. F.; Beck, A.; Spriet, E.; Gorsky, G.; Thompson. E. M.; Lehrach, H.; Reinhardt, R.; Chourrout, D. (2001). "Miniature genome in the marine chordate Oikopleura dioica". Science. 294 (5551): 2506. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2506. PMID 11752568.
Clarke, T.; Bouquet, JM; Fu, X; Kallesøe, T.; Schmid, M; Thompson, E.M. (2007). "Rapidly evolving lamins in a chordate, Oikopleura dioica, with unusual nuclear architecture". Gene. 396 (1): 159–169. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.03.006. PMID 17449201.

etymonline.com

"Tunicate: adjective & noun". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
"Origin and history of tunicate (adj.)". Etymology Online. Retrieved 14 April 2025.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Gasparini, F; Manni, L; Cima, F; Zaniolo, G; Burighel, P; Caicci, F; Franchi, N; Schiavon, F; Rigon, F; Campagna, D; Ballarin, L (July 2014). "Sexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri". Genesis. 53 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1002/dvg.22802. hdl:11380/1252898. PMID 25044771. S2CID 205772576.
Iannelli, F.; Pesole, G.; Sordino, P.; Gissi, C. (2007). "Mitogenomics reveals two cryptic species in Ciona intestinalis" (PDF). Trends Genet. 23 (9): 419–422. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.07.001. hdl:2434/63110. PMID 17640763.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Swalla, B. J.; Trusler, P.; Hall, M. (2012). "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians". Paleontological Journal. 46 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2012PalJ...46....1F. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042. S2CID 128415270.
Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (1 December 2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. Bibcode:2021PalZ...95..623M. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 244957825.
Bone, Q., and K. P. Ryan (1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327. Retrieved 13 May 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Alié, Alexandre; Hiebert, Laurel S.; Scelzo, Marta; Tiozzo, Stefano (19 March 2020). "The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 336 (3): 250–266. Bibcode:2021JEZB..336..250A. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22940. PMID 32190983. S2CID 213181394.
Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Chen, Jun-Yuan; Huang, Di-Ying; Peng, Qing-Qing; Chi, Hui-Mei; Wang,Xiu-Qiang; Feng, Man (2003). "The first tunicate from the Early Cambrian of South China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8314–8318. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8314C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431177100. PMC 166226. PMID 12835415.
Wendt, Jobst (25 July 2018). Hautmann, Michael (ed.). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Odate, S. & Pawlik, J.R. (2007). "The role of vanadium in the chemical defense of the solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (3): 643–654. Bibcode:2007JCEco..33..643O. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9251-z. PMID 17265174. S2CID 116921.
Pisut, D.P. & Pawlik, J.R. (2002). "Anti-predatory chemical defenses of ascidians: Secondary metabolites or inorganic acids?". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 270 (2): 203–214. Bibcode:2002JEMBE.270..203P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.558.3639. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00023-0.
Matthysse, A.G.; Deschet, K.; Williams, M.; Marry, M.; White, A.R. & Smith, W.C. (2004). "A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (4): 986–991. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..986M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0303623101. PMC 327129. PMID 14722352.
Sasakura, Y.; Nakashima, K.; Awazu, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nakayama, A.; Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2005). "Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis revealed the functions of animal cellulose synthase in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (42): 15134–15139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215134S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503640102. PMC 1257696. PMID 16214891.
Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Developmental biology: A chordate with a difference". Nature. 447 (1): 153–155. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..153H. doi:10.1038/447153a. PMID 17495912. S2CID 5549210.
Yokobori, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Oshima, T. (2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): Comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". J. Mol. Evol. 57 (5): 574–587. Bibcode:2003JMolE..57..574Y. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316. S2CID 19474615.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

itis.gov

Tunicata Lamarck, 1816 Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2017-03-30.

jsonline.com

Johnson, Mark. "International team of scientists identifies new treatment for COVID-19 that appears to be far more effective than drugs in use now". Journal Sentinel.

jstor.org

Bone, Q., and K. P. Ryan (1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327. Retrieved 13 May 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

marinespecies.org

Sanamyan, Karen (2013). "Tunicata". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
Tunicata World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-11-12.

microscopy-uk.org.uk

Cavanihac, Jean-Marie (2000). "Tunicates extraordinaire". Microscope UK. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
Parmentier, Jan (1998). "Botryllus: A colonial ascidian". Microscope UK. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

nerc.ac.uk

nora.nerc.ac.uk

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Giribet, Gonzalo (27 April 2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Onai T (2018). "The evolutionary origin of chordate segmentation: revisiting the enterocoel theory". Theory Biosci. 137 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s12064-018-0260-y. PMID 29488055. S2CID 3553695.
Bone, Q., and K. P. Ryan (1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327. Retrieved 13 May 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Alié, Alexandre; Hiebert, Laurel S.; Scelzo, Marta; Tiozzo, Stefano (19 March 2020). "The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 336 (3): 250–266. Bibcode:2021JEZB..336..250A. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22940. PMID 32190983. S2CID 213181394.
Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.
Delsuc, F.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Lartillot, N.; Philippe, H. (2008). "Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny". Genesis. 46 (11): 592–604. doi:10.1002/dvg.20450. PMID 19003928. S2CID 205771088.
Singh, T. R.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Delsuc, F.; Blanquart, S.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Douzery, E. J.; Huchon, D. (2009). "Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny". BMC Genomics. 10: 534. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-534. PMC 2785839. PMID 19922605.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Delsuc F, Philippe H, Tsagkogeorga G, Simion P, Tilak MK, Turon X, López-Legentil S, Piette J, Lemaire P, Douzery EJ (April 2018). "A phylogenomic framework and timescale for comparative studies of tunicates". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0499-2. PMC 5899321. PMID 29653534.
Franchi, Nicola; Ballarin, Loriano (2017). "Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 674. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00674. PMC 5465252. PMID 28649250.
Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Chen, Jun-Yuan; Huang, Di-Ying; Peng, Qing-Qing; Chi, Hui-Mei; Wang,Xiu-Qiang; Feng, Man (2003). "The first tunicate from the Early Cambrian of South China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8314–8318. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8314C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431177100. PMC 166226. PMID 12835415.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Nakayama-Ishimura, Akie; Chambon, Jean-Phillippe; Horie, Takeo; Satoh, Nori; Sasakura, Yasunori (2009). "Delineating metamorphic pathways in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Developmental Biology. 326 (2): 357–367. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.11.026. PMID 19100250.
Lemaire, Patrick; Piette, Jacques (2015). "Tunicates: Exploring the sea shores and roaming the open ocean. A tribute to Thomas Huxley". Open Biology. 5 (6): 150053. doi:10.1098/rsob.150053. PMC 4632506. PMID 26085517.
Fodor ACA; Powers, M. M.; Andrykovich, K.; Liu, J.; Lowe, E. K.; Brown, C. T.; Di Gregorio, A.; Stolfi, A.; Swalla, B. J. (2021). "The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61 (2): 358–369. doi:10.1093/icb/icab022. PMC 10452958. PMID 33881514.
Ostrovsky, A. N.; Lidgard, S.; Gordon, D. P.; Schwaha, T.; Genikhovich, G.; Ereskovsky, A. V. (2015). "Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: A new paradigm". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 91 (3): 673–711. doi:10.1111/brv.12189. PMC 5098176. PMID 25925633.
Odate, S. & Pawlik, J.R. (2007). "The role of vanadium in the chemical defense of the solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (3): 643–654. Bibcode:2007JCEco..33..643O. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9251-z. PMID 17265174. S2CID 116921.
Matthysse, A.G.; Deschet, K.; Williams, M.; Marry, M.; White, A.R. & Smith, W.C. (2004). "A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (4): 986–991. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..986M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0303623101. PMC 327129. PMID 14722352.
Hirose, E.; Nakashima, K. & Nishino, A. (2011). "Is there intracellular cellulose in the appendicularian tail epidermis? A tale of the adult tail of an invertebrate chordate". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 4 (6): 768–771. doi:10.4161/cib.17757. PMC 3306355. PMID 22446551.
Sasakura, Y.; Ogura, Y.; Treen, N.; et al. (2016). "Transcriptional regulation of a horizontally transferred gene from bacterium to chordate". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283 (1845): 20161712. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1712. PMC 5204163. PMID 28003446.
Sasakura, Y.; Nakashima, K.; Awazu, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nakayama, A.; Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2005). "Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis revealed the functions of animal cellulose synthase in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (42): 15134–15139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215134S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503640102. PMC 1257696. PMID 16214891.
Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Developmental biology: A chordate with a difference". Nature. 447 (1): 153–155. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..153H. doi:10.1038/447153a. PMID 17495912. S2CID 5549210.
Sawada H, Morita M, Iwano M (August 2014). "Self/non-self recognition mechanisms in sexual reproduction: new insight into the self-incompatibility system shared by flowering plants and hermaphroditic animals". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 450 (3): 1142–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.099. PMID 24878524.
Bernstein, H; Hopf, FA; Michod, RE (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex". Molecular Genetics of Development. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 24. pp. 323–70. doi:10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60012-7. ISBN 9780120176243. PMID 3324702.
Gasparini, F; Manni, L; Cima, F; Zaniolo, G; Burighel, P; Caicci, F; Franchi, N; Schiavon, F; Rigon, F; Campagna, D; Ballarin, L (July 2014). "Sexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri". Genesis. 53 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1002/dvg.22802. hdl:11380/1252898. PMID 25044771. S2CID 205772576.
Ganot P, Bouquet JM, Kallesøe T, Thompson EM (February 2007). "The Oikopleura coenocyst, a unique chordate germ cell permitting rapid, extensive modulation of oocyte production". Dev. Biol. 302 (2): 591–600. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.021. PMID 17126826.
Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.
Iannelli, F.; Pesole, G.; Sordino, P.; Gissi, C. (2007). "Mitogenomics reveals two cryptic species in Ciona intestinalis" (PDF). Trends Genet. 23 (9): 419–422. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.07.001. hdl:2434/63110. PMID 17640763.
Yokobori, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Oshima, T. (2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): Comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". J. Mol. Evol. 57 (5): 574–587. Bibcode:2003JMolE..57..574Y. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316. S2CID 19474615.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Small, K. S.; Brudno, M.; Hill, M. M.; Sidow, A. (2007). "A haplome alignment and reference sequence of the highly polymorphic Ciona savignyi genome". Genome Biol. 8 (3): R41. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r41. PMC 1868934. PMID 17374142.
Seo, H. C.; Kube, M.; Edvardsen, R. B.; Jensen, M. F.; Beck, A.; Spriet, E.; Gorsky, G.; Thompson. E. M.; Lehrach, H.; Reinhardt, R.; Chourrout, D. (2001). "Miniature genome in the marine chordate Oikopleura dioica". Science. 294 (5551): 2506. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2506. PMID 11752568.
Clarke, T.; Bouquet, JM; Fu, X; Kallesøe, T.; Schmid, M; Thompson, E.M. (2007). "Rapidly evolving lamins in a chordate, Oikopleura dioica, with unusual nuclear architecture". Gene. 396 (1): 159–169. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.03.006. PMID 17449201.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Giribet, Gonzalo (27 April 2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Singh, T. R.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Delsuc, F.; Blanquart, S.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Douzery, E. J.; Huchon, D. (2009). "Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny". BMC Genomics. 10: 534. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-534. PMC 2785839. PMID 19922605.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Delsuc F, Philippe H, Tsagkogeorga G, Simion P, Tilak MK, Turon X, López-Legentil S, Piette J, Lemaire P, Douzery EJ (April 2018). "A phylogenomic framework and timescale for comparative studies of tunicates". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0499-2. PMC 5899321. PMID 29653534.
Franchi, Nicola; Ballarin, Loriano (2017). "Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 674. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00674. PMC 5465252. PMID 28649250.
Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Chen, Jun-Yuan; Huang, Di-Ying; Peng, Qing-Qing; Chi, Hui-Mei; Wang,Xiu-Qiang; Feng, Man (2003). "The first tunicate from the Early Cambrian of South China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8314–8318. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8314C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431177100. PMC 166226. PMID 12835415.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Lemaire, Patrick; Piette, Jacques (2015). "Tunicates: Exploring the sea shores and roaming the open ocean. A tribute to Thomas Huxley". Open Biology. 5 (6): 150053. doi:10.1098/rsob.150053. PMC 4632506. PMID 26085517.
Fodor ACA; Powers, M. M.; Andrykovich, K.; Liu, J.; Lowe, E. K.; Brown, C. T.; Di Gregorio, A.; Stolfi, A.; Swalla, B. J. (2021). "The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61 (2): 358–369. doi:10.1093/icb/icab022. PMC 10452958. PMID 33881514.
Ostrovsky, A. N.; Lidgard, S.; Gordon, D. P.; Schwaha, T.; Genikhovich, G.; Ereskovsky, A. V. (2015). "Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: A new paradigm". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 91 (3): 673–711. doi:10.1111/brv.12189. PMC 5098176. PMID 25925633.
Matthysse, A.G.; Deschet, K.; Williams, M.; Marry, M.; White, A.R. & Smith, W.C. (2004). "A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (4): 986–991. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..986M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0303623101. PMC 327129. PMID 14722352.
Hirose, E.; Nakashima, K. & Nishino, A. (2011). "Is there intracellular cellulose in the appendicularian tail epidermis? A tale of the adult tail of an invertebrate chordate". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 4 (6): 768–771. doi:10.4161/cib.17757. PMC 3306355. PMID 22446551.
Sasakura, Y.; Ogura, Y.; Treen, N.; et al. (2016). "Transcriptional regulation of a horizontally transferred gene from bacterium to chordate". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283 (1845): 20161712. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1712. PMC 5204163. PMID 28003446.
Sasakura, Y.; Nakashima, K.; Awazu, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nakayama, A.; Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2005). "Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis revealed the functions of animal cellulose synthase in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (42): 15134–15139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215134S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503640102. PMC 1257696. PMID 16214891.
Small, K. S.; Brudno, M.; Hill, M. M.; Sidow, A. (2007). "A haplome alignment and reference sequence of the highly polymorphic Ciona savignyi genome". Genome Biol. 8 (3): R41. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r41. PMC 1868934. PMID 17374142.

noaa.gov

sh.nefsc.noaa.gov

"Have You Seen This Tunicate?". NOAA Fisheries Service. 19 November 2004. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2011.

lib.noaa.gov

"Sea squirt". Korea-US Aquaculture. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

pnwscuba.com

Dornfeld, Ann (1 May 2008). "Invasive Tunicates of Washington State". NPR. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Pisut, D.P. & Pawlik, J.R. (2002). "Anti-predatory chemical defenses of ascidians: Secondary metabolites or inorganic acids?". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 270 (2): 203–214. Bibcode:2002JEMBE.270..203P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.558.3639. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00023-0.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

"Sea squirt". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

sciencedaily.com

"Sea Squirt, Heal Thyself: Scientists Make Major Breakthrough in Regenerative Medicine". Sciencedaily.com. 24 April 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2011.

sciencedirect.com

Nakayama-Ishimura, Akie; Chambon, Jean-Phillippe; Horie, Takeo; Satoh, Nori; Sasakura, Yasunori (2009). "Delineating metamorphic pathways in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Developmental Biology. 326 (2): 357–367. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.11.026. PMID 19100250.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Swalla, B. J.; Trusler, P.; Hall, M. (2012). "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians". Paleontological Journal. 46 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2012PalJ...46....1F. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042. S2CID 128415270.
Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (1 December 2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. Bibcode:2021PalZ...95..623M. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 244957825.
Nielsen, C. (2012). "The authorship of higher chordate taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435–436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x. S2CID 83266247.
Tatián, Marcos; Lagger, Cristian; Demarchi, Milagros; Mattoni, Camilo (2011). "Molecular phylogeny endorses the relationship between carnivorous and filter-feeding tunicates (Tunicata, Ascidiacea)". Zoologica Scripta. 40 (6): 603–612. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00493.x. S2CID 86421513.
Onai T (2018). "The evolutionary origin of chordate segmentation: revisiting the enterocoel theory". Theory Biosci. 137 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s12064-018-0260-y. PMID 29488055. S2CID 3553695.
Bone, Q., and K. P. Ryan (1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327. Retrieved 13 May 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Alié, Alexandre; Hiebert, Laurel S.; Scelzo, Marta; Tiozzo, Stefano (19 March 2020). "The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 336 (3): 250–266. Bibcode:2021JEZB..336..250A. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22940. PMID 32190983. S2CID 213181394.
Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.
Delsuc, F.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Lartillot, N.; Philippe, H. (2008). "Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny". Genesis. 46 (11): 592–604. doi:10.1002/dvg.20450. PMID 19003928. S2CID 205771088.
Tokioka, Takasi (30 June 1971). "Phylogenetic Speculation of the Tunicata" (PDF). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 19 (1): 47. doi:10.5134/175655. S2CID 55491438.
Wendt, Jobst (25 July 2018). Hautmann, Michael (ed.). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef.
Renganathan, T.K. (2020). "Ascidians". Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean. pp. 507–534. doi:10.1201/9781003077992-16. ISBN 9781003077992. S2CID 241318821.
Odate, S. & Pawlik, J.R. (2007). "The role of vanadium in the chemical defense of the solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (3): 643–654. Bibcode:2007JCEco..33..643O. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9251-z. PMID 17265174. S2CID 116921.
Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Developmental biology: A chordate with a difference". Nature. 447 (1): 153–155. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..153H. doi:10.1038/447153a. PMID 17495912. S2CID 5549210.
Gasparini, F; Manni, L; Cima, F; Zaniolo, G; Burighel, P; Caicci, F; Franchi, N; Schiavon, F; Rigon, F; Campagna, D; Ballarin, L (July 2014). "Sexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri". Genesis. 53 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1002/dvg.22802. hdl:11380/1252898. PMID 25044771. S2CID 205772576.
Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.
Yokobori, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Oshima, T. (2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): Comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". J. Mol. Evol. 57 (5): 574–587. Bibcode:2003JMolE..57..574Y. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316. S2CID 19474615.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

si.edu

sms.si.edu

"Sea pork, Aplidium stellatum". Smithsonian at Fort Pierce. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

taylorfrancis.com

Renganathan, T.K. (2020). "Ascidians". Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean. pp. 507–534. doi:10.1201/9781003077992-16. ISBN 9781003077992. S2CID 241318821.

techexplorist.com

Nagalwade, Vidya (7 July 2023). "A 500 million-year-old fossil reveals the amazing secrets of tunicate origins". Tech Explorist.

uchicago.edu

journals.uchicago.edu

Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.

unimi.it

air.unimi.it

Iannelli, F.; Pesole, G.; Sordino, P.; Gissi, C. (2007). "Mitogenomics reveals two cryptic species in Ciona intestinalis" (PDF). Trends Genet. 23 (9): 419–422. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.07.001. hdl:2434/63110. PMID 17640763.

usgs.gov

woodshole.er.usgs.gov

"Marine Nuisance Species". Woods Hole Science Center. Retrieved 7 December 2011.

web.archive.org

Palmer, T. J.; Wilson, M. A. (1988). "Parasitism of Ordovician bryozoans and the origin of pseudoborings" (PDF). Palaeontology. 31: 939–949. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
"Introduction to the Urochordata". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
"Have You Seen This Tunicate?". NOAA Fisheries Service. 19 November 2004. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
Dornfeld, Ann (1 May 2008). "Invasive Tunicates of Washington State". NPR. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
"Sea squirt". Korea-US Aquaculture. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Wendt, Jobst (25 July 2018). Hautmann, Michael (ed.). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (1 December 2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. Bibcode:2021PalZ...95..623M. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 244957825.
Giribet, Gonzalo (27 April 2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Bosch, Thomas C. G. (2008). Stem cells : from hydra to man. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 9781402082740. OCLC 233972733.
Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.