Tunicate (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tunicate" in English language version.

Last modified: 12:46:54, 24 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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5751nih.gov

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2018adsabs.harvard.edu

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65web.archive.org

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63archive.org

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33books.google.com

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32marinespecies.org

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32microscopy-uk.org.uk

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32hdl.handle.net

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32archives-ouvertes.fr

1,143^rd place

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22jstor.org

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226^th place

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11cleantechnica.com

8,581^st place

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11unimi.it

9,149^th place

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Swalla, B. J.; Trusler, P.; Hall, M. (2012). "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians". Paleontological Journal. 46 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2012PalJ...46....1F. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042. S2CID 128415270.
Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (1 December 2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. Bibcode:2021PalZ...95..623M. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 244957825.
Bone, Quentin; Ryan, K P (5 November 1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327.
Alié, Alexandre; Hiebert, Laurel S.; Scelzo, Marta; Tiozzo, Stefano (19 March 2020). "The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 336 (3): 250–266. Bibcode:2021JEZB..336..250A. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22940. PMID 32190983. S2CID 213181394.
Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Wendt, Jobst (25 July 2018). Hautmann, Michael (ed.). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Odate, S. & Pawlik, J.R. (2007). "The role of vanadium in the chemical defense of the solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (3): 643–654. Bibcode:2007JCEco..33..643O. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9251-z. PMID 17265174. S2CID 116921.
Pisut, D.P. & Pawlik, J.R. (2002). "Anti-predatory chemical defenses of ascidians: Secondary metabolites or inorganic acids?". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 270 (2): 203–214. Bibcode:2002JEMBE.270..203P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.558.3639. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00023-0. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Matthysse, A.G.; Deschet, K.; Williams, M.; Marry, M.; White, A.R. & Smith, W.C. (2004). "A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (4): 986–991. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..986M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0303623101. PMC 327129. PMID 14722352.
Sasakura, Y.; Nakashima, K.; Awazu, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nakayama, A.; Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2005). "Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis revealed the functions of animal cellulose synthase in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (42): 15134–15139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215134S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503640102. PMC 1257696. PMID 16214891.
Mackie, G. O.; Burighel, P. (2005). "The nervous system in adult tunicates: current research directions". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83 (1): 151–183. Bibcode:2005CaJZ...83..151M. doi:10.1139/z04-177.
Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Developmental biology: A chordate with a difference". Nature. 447 (1): 153–155. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..153H. doi:10.1038/447153a. PMID 17495912. S2CID 5549210.
Sawada H, Morita M, Iwano M (August 2014). "Self/non-self recognition mechanisms in sexual reproduction: new insight into the self-incompatibility system shared by flowering plants and hermaphroditic animals". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 450 (3): 1142–8. Bibcode:2014BBRC..450.1142S. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.099. PMID 24878524.
Yokobori, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Oshima, T. (2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): Comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". J. Mol. Evol. 57 (5): 574–587. Bibcode:2003JMolE..57..574Y. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316. S2CID 19474615.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Foster, M. (ed.); Sedgwick, Adam (ed.); The Works of Francis Maitland Balfour. Vol. III. Memorial edition. Pub: Macmillan and co. 1885. May be downloaded from
Dorit, R.L.; Walker, W.F. & Barnes, R.D. (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. pp. 802–804. ISBN 978-0-03-030504-7 – via archive.org.
Dennett, Daniel C. (1991). Consciousness Explained. Little Brown & Co. p. 177. ISBN 978-0316-18065-8.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143^rd place; English: 973^rd place)

hal-sde.archives-ouvertes.fr

Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Delsuc, F.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Lartillot, N.; Philippe, H. (2008). "Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny". Genesis. 46 (11): 592–604. doi:10.1002/dvg.20450. PMID 19003928. S2CID 205771088.

australian.museum (Global: 7,683^rd place; English: 5,131^st place)

"Sea squirts and sea tulips". Australian Museum. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Introduction to the Urochordata". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Gee, H. (27 July 2007). Before the Backbone: Views on the origin of the vertebrates. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-585-25272-8 – via Google Books.
Schlosser, Gerhard (17 June 2021). Evolutionary Origin of Sensory and Neurosecretory Cell Types: Vertebrate Cranial Placodes, volume 2. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-000-36913-7.
Response of Marine Ecosystems to Global Change: Ecological Impact of Appendicularians

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

A rare case of an evolutionary late and ephemeral biomineralization: tunicates with composite calcareous skeletons

cleantechnica.com (Global: 8,581^st place; English: 5,991^st place)

"Biofuel made from marine filter feeders? Tunicates usable as source of biofuels". Cleantechnica. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,383^rd place; English: 954^th place)

Tokioka, Takasi (30 June 1971). "Phylogenetic Speculation of the Tunicata" (PDF). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 19 (1): 47. doi:10.5134/175655. S2CID 55491438.

diva-portal.org (Global: 2,734^th place; English: 2,594^th place)

uu.diva-portal.org

Stöck, Matthias; Kratochvíl, Lukáš; Kuhl, Heiner; Rovatsos, Michail; Evans, Ben J.; Suh, Alexander; Valenzuela, Nicole; Veyrunes, Frédéric; Zhou, Qi; Gamble, Tony; Capel, Blanche; Schartl, Manfred; Guiguen, Yann (2021). "A brief review of vertebrate sex evolution with a pledge for integrative research: towards ' sexomics '" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 376 (1832). doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0426. PMID 34247497.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Yang, Chuan; Li, Xian-Hua; Zhu, Maoyan; Condon, Daniel J.; Chen, Junyuan (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
Fedonkin, M. A.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Swalla, B. J.; Trusler, P.; Hall, M. (2012). "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians". Paleontological Journal. 46 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2012PalJ...46....1F. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042. S2CID 128415270.
Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (1 December 2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. Bibcode:2021PalZ...95..623M. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 244957825.
Nielsen, C. (2012). "The authorship of higher chordate taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435–436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x. S2CID 83266247.
Tatián, Marcos; Lagger, Cristian; Demarchi, Milagros; Mattoni, Camilo (2011). "Molecular phylogeny endorses the relationship between carnivorous and filter-feeding tunicates (Tunicata, Ascidiacea)". Zoologica Scripta. 40 (6): 603–612. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00493.x. S2CID 86421513.
Giribet, Gonzalo (27 April 2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Onai T (2018). "The evolutionary origin of chordate segmentation: revisiting the enterocoel theory". Theory Biosci. 137 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s12064-018-0260-y. PMID 29488055. S2CID 3553695.
Bone, Quentin; Ryan, K P (5 November 1974). "On the Structure and Innervation of the Muscle Bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 187 (1088): 315–327. Bibcode:1974RSPSB.187..315B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1974.0077. JSTOR 76405. PMID 4154453. S2CID 20806327.
Alié, Alexandre; Hiebert, Laurel S.; Scelzo, Marta; Tiozzo, Stefano (19 March 2020). "The eventful history of nonembryonic development in tunicates". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 336 (3): 250–266. Bibcode:2021JEZB..336..250A. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22940. PMID 32190983. S2CID 213181394.
Delsuc, F.; Brinkmann, H.; Chourrout, D.; Philippe, H. (2006). "Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates" (PDF). Nature. 439 (7079): 965–968. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..965D. doi:10.1038/nature04336. PMID 16495997. S2CID 4382758.
Delsuc, F.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Lartillot, N.; Philippe, H. (2008). "Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny". Genesis. 46 (11): 592–604. doi:10.1002/dvg.20450. PMID 19003928. S2CID 205771088.
Singh, T. R.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Delsuc, F.; Blanquart, S.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Douzery, E. J.; Huchon, D. (2009). "Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny". BMC Genomics. 10: 534. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-534. PMC 2785839. PMID 19922605.
Zeng, L.; Swalla, B. J. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny of the protochordates: chordate evolution". Can. J. Zool. 83: 24–33. doi:10.1139/z05-010.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Delsuc F, Philippe H, Tsagkogeorga G, Simion P, Tilak MK, Turon X, López-Legentil S, Piette J, Lemaire P, Douzery EJ (April 2018). "A phylogenomic framework and timescale for comparative studies of tunicates". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0499-2. PMC 5899321. PMID 29653534.
Tokioka, Takasi (30 June 1971). "Phylogenetic Speculation of the Tunicata" (PDF). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 19 (1): 47. doi:10.5134/175655. S2CID 55491438.
Franchi, Nicola; Ballarin, Loriano (2017). "Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 674. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00674. PMC 5465252. PMID 28649250.
Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Janvier, Philippe (23 April 2015). "Facts and fancies about early fossil chordates and vertebrates". Nature. 520: 483–89. doi:10.1038/nature14437.
Wendt, Jobst (25 July 2018). Hautmann, Michael (ed.). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef.
Syvanen, M.; Ducore, J. (2010). "Whole genome comparisons reveals a possible chimeric origin for a major metazoan assemblage". Journal of Biological Systems. 18 (2): 261–275. doi:10.1142/S0218339010003408.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Nakayama-Ishimura, Akie; Chambon, Jean-Phillippe; Horie, Takeo; Satoh, Nori; Sasakura, Yasunori (2009). "Delineating metamorphic pathways in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Developmental Biology. 326 (2): 357–367. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.11.026. PMID 19100250.
Renganathan, T.K. (2020). "Ascidians". Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean. pp. 507–534. doi:10.1201/9781003077992-16. ISBN 978-1-003-07799-2. S2CID 241318821.
Lemaire, Patrick; Piette, Jacques (2015). "Tunicates: Exploring the sea shores and roaming the open ocean. A tribute to Thomas Huxley". Open Biology. 5 (6) 150053. doi:10.1098/rsob.150053. PMC 4632506. PMID 26085517.
Fodor ACA; Powers, M. M.; Andrykovich, K.; Liu, J.; Lowe, E. K.; Brown, C. T.; Di Gregorio, A.; Stolfi, A.; Swalla, B. J. (2021). "The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61 (2): 358–369. doi:10.1093/icb/icab022. PMC 10452958. PMID 33881514.
Ostrovsky, A. N.; Lidgard, S.; Gordon, D. P.; Schwaha, T.; Genikhovich, G.; Ereskovsky, A. V. (2015). "Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: A new paradigm". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 91 (3): 673–711. doi:10.1111/brv.12189. PMC 5098176. PMID 25925633.
Odate, S. & Pawlik, J.R. (2007). "The role of vanadium in the chemical defense of the solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (3): 643–654. Bibcode:2007JCEco..33..643O. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9251-z. PMID 17265174. S2CID 116921.
Pisut, D.P. & Pawlik, J.R. (2002). "Anti-predatory chemical defenses of ascidians: Secondary metabolites or inorganic acids?". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 270 (2): 203–214. Bibcode:2002JEMBE.270..203P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.558.3639. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00023-0. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Matthysse, A.G.; Deschet, K.; Williams, M.; Marry, M.; White, A.R. & Smith, W.C. (2004). "A functional cellulose synthase from ascidian epidermis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (4): 986–991. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101..986M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0303623101. PMC 327129. PMID 14722352.
Hirose, E.; Nakashima, K. & Nishino, A. (2011). "Is there intracellular cellulose in the appendicularian tail epidermis? A tale of the adult tail of an invertebrate chordate". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 4 (6): 768–771. doi:10.4161/cib.17757. PMC 3306355. PMID 22446551.
Sasakura, Y.; Ogura, Y.; Treen, N.; et al. (2016). "Transcriptional regulation of a horizontally transferred gene from bacterium to chordate". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283 (1845) 20161712. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1712. PMC 5204163. PMID 28003446.
Sasakura, Y.; Nakashima, K.; Awazu, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nakayama, A.; Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2005). "Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis revealed the functions of animal cellulose synthase in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (42): 15134–15139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215134S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503640102. PMC 1257696. PMID 16214891.
Henriet, S.; Aasjord, A.; Chourrout, D. (2022). "Laboratory study of Fritillaria lifecycle reveals key morphogenetic events leading to genus-specific anatomy". Frontiers in Zoology. 19 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/s12983-022-00471-y. PMC 9617304. PMID 36307829.
Deibel, Don; Lowen, Ben (2012). "A review of the life cycles and life-history adaptations of pelagic tunicates to environmental conditions". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 69 (3): 358–369. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsr159.
Stöck, Matthias; Kratochvíl, Lukáš; Kuhl, Heiner; Rovatsos, Michail; Evans, Ben J.; Suh, Alexander; Valenzuela, Nicole; Veyrunes, Frédéric; Zhou, Qi; Gamble, Tony; Capel, Blanche; Schartl, Manfred; Guiguen, Yann (2021). "A brief review of vertebrate sex evolution with a pledge for integrative research: towards ' sexomics '" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 376 (1832). doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0426. PMID 34247497.
Young, Craig M.; Swalla, Billie J.; Cloney, Richard A. (2025). "Phylum Chordata: Tunicata". Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. pp. 755–791. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102871-1.00027-0. ISBN 978-0-08-102871-1.
Mackie, G. O.; Burighel, P. (2005). "The nervous system in adult tunicates: current research directions". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83 (1): 151–183. Bibcode:2005CaJZ...83..151M. doi:10.1139/z04-177.
Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Developmental biology: A chordate with a difference". Nature. 447 (1): 153–155. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..153H. doi:10.1038/447153a. PMID 17495912. S2CID 5549210.
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Bernstein, H; Hopf, FA; Michod, RE (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex". Molecular Genetics of Development. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 24. pp. 323–70. doi:10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60012-7. ISBN 978-0-12-017624-3. PMID 3324702.
Gasparini, F; Manni, L; Cima, F; Zaniolo, G; Burighel, P; Caicci, F; Franchi, N; Schiavon, F; Rigon, F; Campagna, D; Ballarin, L (July 2014). "Sexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri". Genesis. 53 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1002/dvg.22802. hdl:11380/1252898. PMID 25044771. S2CID 205772576.
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Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.
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Small, K. S.; Brudno, M.; Hill, M. M.; Sidow, A. (2007). "A haplome alignment and reference sequence of the highly polymorphic Ciona savignyi genome". Genome Biol. 8 (3): R41. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r41. PMC 1868934. PMID 17374142.
Seo, H. C.; Kube, M.; Edvardsen, R. B.; Jensen, M. F.; Beck, A.; Spriet, E.; Gorsky, G.; Thompson. E. M.; Lehrach, H.; Reinhardt, R.; Chourrout, D. (2001). "Miniature genome in the marine chordate Oikopleura dioica". Science. 294 (5551): 2506. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2506. PMID 11752568.
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etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Franchi, Nicola; Ballarin, Loriano (2017). "Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 674. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00674. PMC 5465252. PMID 28649250.
Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
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Sawada H, Morita M, Iwano M (August 2014). "Self/non-self recognition mechanisms in sexual reproduction: new insight into the self-incompatibility system shared by flowering plants and hermaphroditic animals". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 450 (3): 1142–8. Bibcode:2014BBRC..450.1142S. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.099. PMID 24878524.
Bernstein, H; Hopf, FA; Michod, RE (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex". Molecular Genetics of Development. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 24. pp. 323–70. doi:10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60012-7. ISBN 978-0-12-017624-3. PMID 3324702.
Gasparini, F; Manni, L; Cima, F; Zaniolo, G; Burighel, P; Caicci, F; Franchi, N; Schiavon, F; Rigon, F; Campagna, D; Ballarin, L (July 2014). "Sexual and asexual reproduction in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri". Genesis. 53 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1002/dvg.22802. hdl:11380/1252898. PMID 25044771. S2CID 205772576.
Ganot P, Bouquet JM, Kallesøe T, Thompson EM (February 2007). "The Oikopleura coenocyst, a unique chordate germ cell permitting rapid, extensive modulation of oocyte production". Dev. Biol. 302 (2): 591–600. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.021. PMID 17126826.
Kürn, Ulrich; Rendulic, Snjezana; Tiozzo, Stefano; Lauzon, Robert J. (August 2011). "Asexual Propagation and Regeneration in Colonial Ascidians". The Biological Bulletin. 221 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1086/BBLv221n1p43. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 21876110. S2CID 37526690.
Iannelli, F.; Pesole, G.; Sordino, P.; Gissi, C. (2007). "Mitogenomics reveals two cryptic species in Ciona intestinalis" (PDF). Trends Genet. 23 (9): 419–422. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.07.001. hdl:2434/63110. PMID 17640763.
Yokobori, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Oshima, T. (2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): Comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". J. Mol. Evol. 57 (5): 574–587. Bibcode:2003JMolE..57..574Y. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316. S2CID 19474615.
Dehal, P.; Satou, Y.; Campbell, R. K.; Chapman, J., Degnan, B., De Tomaso, A.; Davidson, B.; Di Gregorio, A.; Gelpke, M.; Goodstein, D. M.; Harafuji, N.; Hastings, K. E.; Ho, I.; Hotta, K.; Huang, W.; Kawashima, T.; Lemaire, P.; Martinez, D.; Meinertzhagen, I. A.; Necula, S.; Nonaka, M.; Putnam, N.; Rash, S.; Saiga, H.; Satake, M.; Terry, A.; Yamada L.; Wang, H. G.; Awazu, S.; Azumi, K.; Boore, J.; Branno, M.; Chin-Bow, S.; DeSantis, R.; Doyle, S., Francino, P.; Keys, D. N.; Haga, S.; Hayashi, H.; Hino, K.; Imai, K. S.; Inaba, K.; Kano, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, M.; Lee, B. I.; Makabe, K. W.; Manohar, C.; Matassi, G.; Medina, M.; Mochizuki, Y.; Mount, S.; Morishita, T.; Miura, S.; Nakayama, A.; Nishizaka, S.; Nomoto, H.; Ohta, F.; Oishi, K.; Rigoutsos, I.; Sano, M.; Sasaki, A.; Sasakura, Y.; Shoguchi, E.; Shin-i, T.; Spagnuolo, A.; Stainier, D.; Suzuki, M. M.; Tassy, O.; Takatori, N.; Tokuoka, M.; Yagi, K.; Yoshizaki, F.; Wada, S.; Zhang C.; Hyatt, P. D.; Larimer, F.; Detter, C.; Doggett, N.; Glavina, T.; Hawkins, T.; Richardson, P.; Lucas, S.; Kohara, Y.; Levine, M.; Satoh, N.; Rokhsar, D. S. (2002). "The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins". Science. 298 (5601): 2157–2167. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2157D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.2643. doi:10.1126/science.1080049. PMID 12481130. S2CID 15987281. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Small, K. S.; Brudno, M.; Hill, M. M.; Sidow, A. (2007). "A haplome alignment and reference sequence of the highly polymorphic Ciona savignyi genome". Genome Biol. 8 (3): R41. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r41. PMC 1868934. PMID 17374142.
Seo, H. C.; Kube, M.; Edvardsen, R. B.; Jensen, M. F.; Beck, A.; Spriet, E.; Gorsky, G.; Thompson. E. M.; Lehrach, H.; Reinhardt, R.; Chourrout, D. (2001). "Miniature genome in the marine chordate Oikopleura dioica". Science. 294 (5551): 2506. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2506. PMID 11752568.
Clarke, T.; Bouquet, JM; Fu, X; Kallesøe, T.; Schmid, M; Thompson, E.M. (2007). "Rapidly evolving lamins in a chordate, Oikopleura dioica, with unusual nuclear architecture". Gene. 396 (1): 159–169. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.03.006. PMID 17449201.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Giribet, Gonzalo (27 April 2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Singh, T. R.; Tsagkogeorga, G.; Delsuc, F.; Blanquart, S.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Douzery, E. J.; Huchon, D. (2009). "Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny". BMC Genomics. 10: 534. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-534. PMC 2785839. PMID 19922605.
Tsagkogeorga, G.; Turon, X.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Tilak, M. K.; Feldstein, T.; Shenkar, N.; Loya, Y.; Huchon, D.; Douzery, E. J.; Delsuc, F. (2009). "An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 187. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..187T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187. PMC 2739199. PMID 19656395.
Delsuc F, Philippe H, Tsagkogeorga G, Simion P, Tilak MK, Turon X, López-Legentil S, Piette J, Lemaire P, Douzery EJ (April 2018). "A phylogenomic framework and timescale for comparative studies of tunicates". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0499-2. PMC 5899321. PMID 29653534.
Franchi, Nicola; Ballarin, Loriano (2017). "Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective". Frontiers in Immunology. 8: 674. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00674. PMC 5465252. PMID 28649250.
Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting closest relatives". BMC Biology. 16 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0517-4. PMC 5924484. PMID 29703197.
Daugavet, M. A.; Dobrynina, M. I.; Shaposhnikova, T. G.; Solovyeva, A. I.; Mittenberg, A. G.; Shabelnikov, S. V.; Babkina, I. Yu; Grinchenko, A. V.; Ilyaskina, D. V.; Podgornaya, O. I. (22 August 2022). "New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 14326. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1214326D. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9395347. PMID 35995990.
Lemaire, Patrick; Piette, Jacques (2015). "Tunicates: Exploring the sea shores and roaming the open ocean. A tribute to Thomas Huxley". Open Biology. 5 (6) 150053. doi:10.1098/rsob.150053. PMC 4632506. PMID 26085517.
Fodor ACA; Powers, M. M.; Andrykovich, K.; Liu, J.; Lowe, E. K.; Brown, C. T.; Di Gregorio, A.; Stolfi, A.; Swalla, B. J. (2021). "The Degenerate Tale of Ascidian Tails". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61 (2): 358–369. doi:10.1093/icb/icab022. PMC 10452958. PMID 33881514.
Ostrovsky, A. N.; Lidgard, S.; Gordon, D. P.; Schwaha, T.; Genikhovich, G.; Ereskovsky, A. V. (2015). "Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: A new paradigm". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 91 (3): 673–711. doi:10.1111/brv.12189. PMC 5098176. PMID 25925633.
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Tunicate (English Wikipedia)

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