United States invasion of Panama (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "United States invasion of Panama" in English language version.

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af.mil

mountainhome.af.mil

"366th Fighter Wing History". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2010.

albany.edu

Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 3(2), 1995, pages 43–52, "Exploring State Criminality: The Invasion of Panama Archived August 3, 2019, at the Wayback Machine"

archive.org

Kempe, Frederick (1990). Divorcing the Dictator. New York: Putnam. pp. 26–30, 162. ISBN 978-1-85043-259-3.
Cockburn, Alexander & St. Clair, Jeffrey (1998). Whiteout: the CIA, Drugs, and the Press. London: Verso. ISBN 978-1-85984-139-6. p. 55
Buckley, Kevin (1991). Panama: The Whole Story. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-72794-9. p. 49.
Noriega, Manuel & Eisner, Peter (1997). America's Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. Random House. ISBN 9780679432272.^{[page needed]}
Powell, Colin & Persico, Joseph E. (1995). My American Journey. New York: Random House. ISBN 9780679432968.^{[page needed]}
Pastor, Robert A. (2001). Exiting the Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean. Avalon. p. 96. ISBN 9780813338118.^{[full citation needed]}

archive.today

"Panama Companies Sue U.S. for Damages". The New York Times. July 21, 1990. p. 5. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2020.

archives.gov

"Veterans Preference and "Wartime" Service". archives.gov. August 15, 2016.

army.mil

"Operation Just Cause: The Invasion of Panama, December 1989". United States Army.

usacac.army.mil

Yates, Lawrence (May–June 2005). "Panama, 1988–1990: The Discontent between Combat and Stability Operations" (PDF). Military Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2010.

books.google.com

Chomsky, Noam (1991). Deterring Democracy. Boston, MA: South End Press. p. 164. ISBN 9781466801530.
Jones, Howard (2001). Crucible of Power: A History of US Foreign Relations Since 1897. SR Books. p. 494. ISBN 978-0-8420-2918-6.
Oakley, Robert B.; Dziedzic, Michael J. & Goldberg, Eliot M. (1998). Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press. ISBN 978-1-57906-006-0. p. 76.
Spanish Yearbook of International Law: 1992. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1992. pp. 158–161. ISBN 9041102310.
Combined Arms in Battle Since 1939. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Press. 1992. p. 209.

chicagotribune.com

The Chicago Tribune, December 21, 1989, "In Panama, An Illegal and Unwarranted Invasion"

cidh.org

Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Panama (Report). Organization of American States: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. November 9, 1989. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020.

cnn.com

"Panama Marks '89 Invasion as Day of 'National Mourning'". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008.

cnnespanol.cnn.com

"Gobierno de Panamá declara 20 de diciembre 'Día de duelo nacional' a 30 años de la invasión militar de EE.UU". December 19, 2019.

cpj.org

"Attacks on the Press 2001: Panama". Committee to Protect Journalists. March 26, 2002.

critica.com.pa

Pizzurno, Patricia & Andrés Araúz, Celestino. "Estados Unidos invade Panamá Crónica de una invasión anunciada" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 April 2006.^{[full citation needed]} According to this piece, the PDF had 16,000 troops, but only 3,000 of them were trained for combat: "Para entonces las Fuerzas de Defensa poseían 16.000 efectivos, de los cuales apenas 3.000 estaban entrenados para el combate."

defense.gov

archive.defense.gov

"U.S. Coast Guard Defends Against Terrorism Locally, Globally". archive.defense.gov. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2018. Coast Guardsmen served in the War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Mayaguez Incident in Cambodia in 1975, Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada, Operation Just Cause in Panama,-

doi.org

Loxton, James (2022). "The Puzzle of Panamanian Exceptionalism". Journal of Democracy. 33 (1): 85–99. doi:10.1353/jod.2022.0006.
Cramer, Jane Kellett (2006). ""Just Cause" or Just Politics?: U.S. Panama Invasion and Standardizing Qualitative Tests for Diversionary War". Armed Forces & Society. 32 (2): 178–201. doi:10.1177/0095327x05277899. S2CID 145717080.

dtic.mil

Cole, Ronald H. "Operation Just Cause: Panama" (PDF). Joint History Office, Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2008.

elpais.com

Jauregui, Fernando (March 27, 1988). "Óscar Arias arfirmaa que el general Noriega considera la posibilidad de exiliarse en España". El País (Spain). Retrieved December 25, 2020.
"España ha asumido ante el Departamento de Estado de EE UU la defensa de Juantxu". El País. March 27, 1992. Retrieved May 29, 2015.

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

"Texts adopted by the European Parliament - Resolution on the situation in panama p.73-74 in: Minutes of the sitting of Thursday, 18 January 1990 OJ C 38, p. 62–129, Official Journal of the European Communities". eur-lex.europa.eu. February 18, 1990. Retrieved November 16, 2024.

op.europa.eu

European Parliament, Office for official publications of the European Communities (May 3, 1990). The Political Situation in Romania (Report). European Parliament. p. 78. Retrieved April 19, 2022. The Ceausescu regime criticised the US invasion of Panama as 'brutal aggression.'

fas.org

Congressional Research Service, March 28, 2017, "The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice"

findlaw.com

caselaw.findlaw.com

"UNITED STATES v. NORIEGA". On December 15, 1989, Noriega publicly declared that a state of war existed between Panama and the United States.
"BOP: FCI Miami". Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2010.

ghostarchive.org

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Trent, Barbara (1992). The Panama Deception.

gwu.edu

nsarchive2.gwu.edu

The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations. National Security Archive Electronic Briefing, George Washington University. 1999. p. 2.

heinonline.org

Louis Henkin, 29 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 293 (1991), "The Invasion of Panama under International Law: A Gross Violation"

hrw.org

"Human Rights in Post-Invasion Panama: Justice Delayed is Justice Denied". April 7, 1991.^{[full citation needed]}
"Panama". Human Rights Watch World Report 1989. Human Rights Watch. 1989.^{[full citation needed]}

idrc.ca

"The Responsibility to Protect". International Development Research Centre. December 2001. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007.^{[full citation needed]}

iht.com

"Panama's President Vetoes Law Declaring Anniversary of US Invasion a 'Day of Mourning'". Archived from the original on 13 March 2008.^{[full citation needed]}

jcs.mil

Cole, Ronald H. (1995). Operation Just Cause: The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Panama, February 1988 – January 1990 (PDF). Joint History Office, Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7881-3557-6.
Cole, Ronald H. (1995). Operation Just Cause: The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Panama, February 1988 – January 1990 (PDF). Joint History Office, Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7881-3557-6.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Loxton, James (2022). "The Puzzle of Panamanian Exceptionalism". Journal of Democracy. 33 (1): 85–99. doi:10.1353/jod.2022.0006.

jstor.org

Carl Bogus, "The Invasion of Panama and the Rule of Law", The International Lawyer (a publication of the American Bar Association's Section on International Law and Practice), Vol. 26, No. 3 (Fall 1992), p. 786
Eileen Burgin, "Congress, the War Powers Resolution, & the Invasion of Panama", Polity, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Winter, 1992), pp. 217–242

latimes.com

"'It's Been Worth It': Bush—U.S. Troops Take Control of Panama". Los Angeles Times. December 21, 1989.
Broder, John M. (June 19, 1990). "'Friendly Fire' Killed 2 GIs in Panama, Invasion: The Pentagon sharply increases its estimate of U.S. casualties inflicted by own forces". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 12, 2014.

lonelyplanet.com

"Panama". Lonely Planet. Retrieved May 30, 2021.

nacion.com

Chinchilla, Sofia (December 18, 2019). "Archivo de CIA revela gestiones de Óscar Arias y Daniel Oduber para negociar salida de Noriega". La Nación (San José). Retrieved December 25, 2020.

nationalguard.mil

"Guard News – the National Guard".

nla.gov.au

trove.nla.gov.au

"US Plot". The Canberra Times.

nytimes.com

Archibold, Randal C. (May 30, 2017). "Manuel Noriega, Dictator Ousted by U.S. in Panama, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Rohter, Larry (April 1, 1990). "Panama and U.S. Strive to Settle on Death Toll". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
Riding, Alan (June 24, 1990). "U.S. Sued in Death of a Journalist in Panama". The New York Times.
"A Transcript of Bush's Address on the Decision to Use Force in Panama". The New York Times. December 21, 1989. p. A19.
Baker, Russell (January 3, 1990). "Is This Justice Necessary?". The New York Times. p. A19. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
Brooke, James (December 21, 1989). "U.S. Denounced by Nations Touchy About Intervention". The New York Times. p. A24.
Kagay, Michael. "The Noriega Case: Public Opinion; Panamanians Strongly Back U.S. Move". The New York Times. 6 Jan 1990.
"Panama Companies Sue U.S. for Damages". The New York Times. July 21, 1990. p. 5. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
Lewis, Neil A. (March 11, 1988). "Reagan Considering Measures to Weaken Panamanian Leader". Archived from the original on May 25, 2015.

onwar.com

"US Invasion of Panama 1989". Wars of za warudo. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2007.

outsidethebeltway.com

Joyner, James (May 12, 2011). "War and Rhetoric". Outside the Beltway. Retrieved May 30, 2021.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cramer, Jane Kellett (2006). ""Just Cause" or Just Politics?: U.S. Panama Invasion and Standardizing Qualitative Tests for Diversionary War". Armed Forces & Society. 32 (2): 178–201. doi:10.1177/0095327x05277899. S2CID 145717080.

smallwarsjournal.com

Conley, William J. Jr. "Operations 'Just Cause' and 'Promote Liberty': The implications of Military Operations Other than War" (PDF). Small Wars Journal.^{[full citation needed]}

theatlantic.com

Charles C., Moskos (August 1990). "Army Women". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 26, 2019.

un.org

documents.un.org

"United Nations, 88th plenary meeting of the General Assembly, Resolution 44/240: Effects of the military intervention of the United States of America in Panama on the situation in Central America" (PDF). documents.un.org. December 29, 1989. Retrieved November 16, 2024.

un.org

United Nations General Assembly, A/RES/44/240, 88th Plenary Meeting, December 29, 1989 [1]

undocs.org

United Nations Security Council Draft Resolution S/21048 December 22, 1989.
United Nations Security Council Verbatim Report 2902. S/PV/2902 page 15. December 23, 1989. ^{[dead link‍]}
United Nations Security Council Verbatim Report 2902. S/PV/2902 page 10. December 22, 1989. ^{[dead link‍]}

unu.edu

postgraduate.ias.unu.edu

DAM Rodolfo, United Nations Peace and Progress, Vol. 3 (1), pp. 50–63 "Legality of the 1989 Panama Invasion and the 'Responsibility to Protect' Doctrine"

usafunithistory.com

"507th AIR CONTROL WING" (PDF).

ww35.usafunithistory.com

"602nd Tactical Air Control Wing" (PDF). Retrieved February 28, 2022.

washingtonpost.com

Moore, Molly (January 20, 1990). "Army Probes Allegations Two Women Refused to Obey Orders in Panama". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 26, 2019.

web.archive.org

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Trent, Barbara (1992). The Panama Deception.
Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Panama (Report). Organization of American States: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. November 9, 1989. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020.
"U.S. Coast Guard Defends Against Terrorism Locally, Globally". archive.defense.gov. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2018. Coast Guardsmen served in the War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Mayaguez Incident in Cambodia in 1975, Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada, Operation Just Cause in Panama,-
"366th Fighter Wing History". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
Pizzurno, Patricia & Andrés Araúz, Celestino. "Estados Unidos invade Panamá Crónica de una invasión anunciada" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 April 2006.^{[full citation needed]} According to this piece, the PDF had 16,000 troops, but only 3,000 of them were trained for combat: "Para entonces las Fuerzas de Defensa poseían 16.000 efectivos, de los cuales apenas 3.000 estaban entrenados para el combate."
Cole, Ronald H. "Operation Just Cause: Panama" (PDF). Joint History Office, Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
"US Invasion of Panama 1989". Wars of za warudo. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2007.
"First Woman to Lead U.S. Troops in Battle". Women in Military Service for America Memorial (Women's Memorial). Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
Yates, Lawrence (May–June 2005). "Panama, 1988–1990: The Discontent between Combat and Stability Operations" (PDF). Military Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 3(2), 1995, pages 43–52, "Exploring State Criminality: The Invasion of Panama Archived August 3, 2019, at the Wayback Machine"
"The Responsibility to Protect". International Development Research Centre. December 2001. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007.^{[full citation needed]}
"Panama's President Vetoes Law Declaring Anniversary of US Invasion a 'Day of Mourning'". Archived from the original on 13 March 2008.^{[full citation needed]}
"Panama Marks '89 Invasion as Day of 'National Mourning'". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008.
"BOP: FCI Miami". Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
Lewis, Neil A. (March 11, 1988). "Reagan Considering Measures to Weaken Panamanian Leader". Archived from the original on May 25, 2015.

womensmemorial.org

"First Woman to Lead U.S. Troops in Battle". Women in Military Service for America Memorial (Women's Memorial). Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2019.

yale.edu

openyls.law.yale.edu

Quigley, John. "The Legality of the United States Invasion of Panama" (PDF).

digitalcommons.law.yale.edu

John B. Quigley, "The Legality of the United States Invasion of Panama", 15 Yale Journal of International Law (1990), page 285 https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjil/vol15/iss2/3

youtube.com

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Trent, Barbara (1992). The Panama Deception.