Vacuum (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Vacuum" in English language version.

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Barrow, John D. (2000). The Book of Nothing: Vacuums, Voids, and the Latest Ideas about the Origins of the Universe (1st American ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-09-928845-9. OCLC 46600561.
Harding, Richard M. (1989). Survival in Space: Medical Problems of Manned Spaceflight. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-00253-0. OCLC 18744945..

books.google.com

Campbell, Jeff (2005). Speed cleaning. Rodale. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-59486-274-8. Note that 1 inch of water is ≈0.0025 atm.
How to Make an Experimental Geissler Tube, Popular Science monthly, February 1919, Unnumbered page. Bonnier Corporation
Barrow, J.D. (2002). The Book of Nothing: Vacuums, Voids, and the Latest Ideas About the Origins of the Universe. Vintage Series. Vintage. pp. 71–72, 77. ISBN 978-0-375-72609-5. LCCN 00058894.
Grant, Edward (1981). Much ado about nothing: theories of space and vacuum from the Middle Ages to the scientific revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22983-8.
Werner S. Weiglhofer (2003). "§ 4.1 The classical vacuum as reference medium". In Werner S. Weiglhofer; Akhlesh Lakhtakia (eds.). Introduction to complex mediums for optics and electromagnetics. SPIE Press. pp. 28, 34. ISBN 978-0-8194-4947-4.
Tom G. MacKay (2008). "Electromagnetic Fields in Linear Bianisotropic Mediums". In Emil Wolf (ed.). Progress in Optics. Vol. 51. Elsevier. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-444-52038-8.
Gilbert Grynberg; Alain Aspect; Claude Fabre (2010). Introduction to Quantum Optics: From the Semi-Classical Approach to Quantized Light. Cambridge University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-521-55112-0. ...deals with the quantum vacuum where, in contrast to the classical vacuum, radiation has properties, in particular, fluctuations, with which one can associate physical effects.
For a qualitative description of vacuum fluctuations and virtual particles, see Leonard Susskind (2006). The cosmic landscape: string theory and the illusion of intelligent design. Little, Brown and Co. pp. 60 ff. ISBN 978-0-316-01333-8.
The relative permeability and permittivity of field-theoretic vacuums is described in Kurt Gottfried; Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1986). Concepts of particle physics. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-19-503393-9. and more recently in John F. Donoghue; Eugene Golowich; Barry R. Holstein (1994). Dynamics of the standard model. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-47652-2. and also R. Keith Ellis; W.J. Stirling; B.R. Webber (2003). QCD and collider physics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–29. ISBN 978-0-521-54589-1. Returning to the vacuum of a relativistic field theory, we find that both paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions are present. QCD vacuum is paramagnetic, while QED vacuum is diamagnetic. See Carlos A. Bertulani (2007). Nuclear physics in a nutshell. Princeton University Press. p. 26. Bibcode:2007npn..book.....B. ISBN 978-0-691-12505-3.
Chattopadhyay, D. & Rakshit, P.C. (2004). Elements of Physics. Vol. 1. New Age International. p. 577. ISBN 978-81-224-1538-4.
Mackay, Tom G & Lakhtakia, Akhlesh (2008). "§ 3.1.1 Free space". In Emil Wolf (ed.). Progress in Optics. Vol. 51. Elsevier. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-444-53211-4.
For example, see Craig, D.P. & Thirunamachandran, T. (1998). Molecular Quantum Electrodynamics (Reprint of Academic Press 1984 ed.). Courier Dover Publications. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-486-40214-7.
In effect, the dielectric permittivity of the vacuum of classical electromagnetism is changed. For example, see Zeidler, Eberhard (2011). "§ 19.1.9 Vacuum polarization in quantum electrodynamics". Quantum Field Theory III: Gauge Theory: A Bridge Between Mathematicians and Physicists. Springer. p. 952. ISBN 978-3-642-22420-1.
Altarelli, Guido (2008). "Chapter 2: Gauge theories and the Standard Model". Elementary Particles: Volume 21/A of Landolt-Börnstein series. Springer. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-3-540-74202-9. The fundamental state of minimum energy, the vacuum, is not unique and there are a continuum of degenerate states that altogether respect the symmetry...

britannica.com

"Otto von Guericke | Prussian physicist, engineer, and philosopher | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-08-11.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Gabrielse, G.; Fei, X.; Orozco, L.; Tjoelker, R.; Haas, J.; Kalinowsky, H.; Trainor, T.; Kells, W. (1990). "Thousandfold improvement in the measured antiproton mass" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 65 (11): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1990PhRvL..65.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1317. PMID 10042233.

denmark.com.au

"The World's Largest Barometer". Archived from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-04-30.

doi.org

Gabrielse, G.; Fei, X.; Orozco, L.; Tjoelker, R.; Haas, J.; Kalinowsky, H.; Trainor, T.; Kells, W. (1990). "Thousandfold improvement in the measured antiproton mass" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 65 (11): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1990PhRvL..65.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1317. PMID 10042233.
Pickering, W.H. (1912). "Solar system, the motion of the, relatively to the interstellar absorbing medium". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 72 (9): 740. Bibcode:1912MNRAS..72..740P. doi:10.1093/mnras/72.9.740.
Andrews, Dana G.; Zubrin, Robert M. (1990). "Magnetic Sails & Interstellar Travel" (PDF). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 43: 265–272. doi:10.2514/3.26230. S2CID 55324095. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-02. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
Ishimaru, H (1989). "Ultimate Pressure of the Order of 10⁻¹³ torr in an Aluminum Alloy Vacuum Chamber". Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology. 7 (3–II): 2439–2442. Bibcode:1989JVSTA...7.2439I. doi:10.1116/1.575916.
Wheeler, R.M.; Wehkamp, C.A.; Stasiak, M.A.; Dixon, M.A.; Rygalov, V.Y. (2011). "Plants survive rapid decompression: Implications for bioregenerative life support". Advances in Space Research. 47 (9): 1600–1607. Bibcode:2011AdSpR..47.1600W. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.12.017. hdl:2060/20130009997.
Jönsson, K. Ingemar; Rabbow, Elke; Schill, Ralph O.; Harms-Ringdahl, Mats & Rettberg, Petra (9 September 2008). "Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit". Current Biology. 18 (17): R729–R731. Bibcode:2008CBio...18.R729J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.048. PMID 18786368. S2CID 8566993.
Öpik, E.J. (1962). "The lunar atmosphere". Planetary and Space Science. 9 (5): 211–244. Bibcode:1962P&SS....9..211O. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(62)90149-6.

ephf.ca

"Kenotometer Vacuum Gauge". Edmonton Power Historical Foundation. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2014.

geoffreylandis.com

Landis, Geoffrey (7 August 2007). "Human Exposure to Vacuum". geoffreylandis.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2006.
Czarnik, Tamarack R. (1999). "EBULLISM AT 1 MILLION FEET: Surviving Rapid/Explosive Decompression". unpublished review by Landis, Geoffrey A. geoffreylandis.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Billings, Charles E. (1973). "Chapter 1) Barometric Pressure". In Parker, James F.; West, Vita R. (eds.). Bioastronautics Data Book (Second ed.). NASA. p. 5. hdl:2060/19730006364. NASA SP-3006.
Wheeler, R.M.; Wehkamp, C.A.; Stasiak, M.A.; Dixon, M.A.; Rygalov, V.Y. (2011). "Plants survive rapid decompression: Implications for bioregenerative life support". Advances in Space Research. 47 (9): 1600–1607. Bibcode:2011AdSpR..47.1600W. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.12.017. hdl:2060/20130009997.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gabrielse, G.; Fei, X.; Orozco, L.; Tjoelker, R.; Haas, J.; Kalinowsky, H.; Trainor, T.; Kells, W. (1990). "Thousandfold improvement in the measured antiproton mass" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 65 (11): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1990PhRvL..65.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1317. PMID 10042233.
Tadokoro, M. (1968). "A Study of the Local Group by Use of the Virial Theorem". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 20: 230. Bibcode:1968PASJ...20..230T. This source estimates a density of 7×10⁻²⁹ g/cm³ for the Local Group. An atomic mass unit is 1.66×10⁻²⁴ g, for roughly 40 atoms per cubic meter.
Pickering, W.H. (1912). "Solar system, the motion of the, relatively to the interstellar absorbing medium". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 72 (9): 740. Bibcode:1912MNRAS..72..740P. doi:10.1093/mnras/72.9.740.
The relative permeability and permittivity of field-theoretic vacuums is described in Kurt Gottfried; Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1986). Concepts of particle physics. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-19-503393-9. and more recently in John F. Donoghue; Eugene Golowich; Barry R. Holstein (1994). Dynamics of the standard model. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-47652-2. and also R. Keith Ellis; W.J. Stirling; B.R. Webber (2003). QCD and collider physics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–29. ISBN 978-0-521-54589-1. Returning to the vacuum of a relativistic field theory, we find that both paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions are present. QCD vacuum is paramagnetic, while QED vacuum is diamagnetic. See Carlos A. Bertulani (2007). Nuclear physics in a nutshell. Princeton University Press. p. 26. Bibcode:2007npn..book.....B. ISBN 978-0-691-12505-3.
Ishimaru, H (1989). "Ultimate Pressure of the Order of 10⁻¹³ torr in an Aluminum Alloy Vacuum Chamber". Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology. 7 (3–II): 2439–2442. Bibcode:1989JVSTA...7.2439I. doi:10.1116/1.575916.
Wheeler, R.M.; Wehkamp, C.A.; Stasiak, M.A.; Dixon, M.A.; Rygalov, V.Y. (2011). "Plants survive rapid decompression: Implications for bioregenerative life support". Advances in Space Research. 47 (9): 1600–1607. Bibcode:2011AdSpR..47.1600W. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.12.017. hdl:2060/20130009997.
Jönsson, K. Ingemar; Rabbow, Elke; Schill, Ralph O.; Harms-Ringdahl, Mats & Rettberg, Petra (9 September 2008). "Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit". Current Biology. 18 (17): R729–R731. Bibcode:2008CBio...18.R729J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.048. PMID 18786368. S2CID 8566993.
Öpik, E.J. (1962). "The lunar atmosphere". Planetary and Space Science. 9 (5): 211–244. Bibcode:1962P&SS....9..211O. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(62)90149-6.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Barrow, J.D. (2002). The Book of Nothing: Vacuums, Voids, and the Latest Ideas About the Origins of the Universe. Vintage Series. Vintage. pp. 71–72, 77. ISBN 978-0-375-72609-5. LCCN 00058894.

luizmonteiro.com

Computed using "1976 Standard Atmosphere Properties" calculator. Retrieved 2012-01-28

nasa.gov

tpsx.arc.nasa.gov

Squire, Tom (September 27, 2000). "U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976". Thermal Protection Systems Expert and Material Properties Database. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Catalog of Earth Satellite Orbits". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2019-01-28.

ntrs.nasa.gov

Koestler, A. G. (November 1965). "The Effect on the Chimpanzee of Rapid Decompression to a near Vacuum" (PDF). NASA.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gabrielse, G.; Fei, X.; Orozco, L.; Tjoelker, R.; Haas, J.; Kalinowsky, H.; Trainor, T.; Kells, W. (1990). "Thousandfold improvement in the measured antiproton mass" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 65 (11): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1990PhRvL..65.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1317. PMID 10042233.
Webb P. (1968). "The Space Activity Suit: An Elastic Leotard for Extravehicular Activity". Aerospace Medicine. 39 (4): 376–383. PMID 4872696.
Cooke, J.P.; Bancroft, R.W. (1966). "Some cardiovascular responses in anesthetized dogs during repeated decompressions to a near-vacuum". Aerospace Medicine. 37 (11): 1148–1152. PMID 5972265.
Ferl, RJ; Schuerger, AC; Paul, AL; Gurley, WB; Corey, K; Bucklin, R (2002). "Plant adaptation to low atmospheric pressures: Potential molecular responses". Life Support & Biosphere Science. 8 (2): 93–101. PMID 11987308.
Jönsson, K. Ingemar; Rabbow, Elke; Schill, Ralph O.; Harms-Ringdahl, Mats & Rettberg, Petra (9 September 2008). "Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit". Current Biology. 18 (17): R729–R731. Bibcode:2008CBio...18.R729J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.048. PMID 18786368. S2CID 8566993.

nist.gov

physics.nist.gov

"Speed of light in vacuum, c, c₀". The NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty: Fundamental physical constants. NIST. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
"Electric constant, ε₀". The NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty: Fundamental physical constants. NIST. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
"Magnetic constant, μ₀". The NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty: Fundamental physical constants. NIST. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
"Characteristic impedance of vacuum, Z₀". The NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty: Fundamental physical constants. Retrieved 2011-11-28.

oxforddictionaries.com

en.oxforddictionaries.com

"What words in the English language contain two u's in a row?". Oxford Dictionaries Online. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Andrews, Dana G.; Zubrin, Robert M. (1990). "Magnetic Sails & Interstellar Travel" (PDF). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 43: 265–272. doi:10.2514/3.26230. S2CID 55324095. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-02. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
Jönsson, K. Ingemar; Rabbow, Elke; Schill, Ralph O.; Harms-Ringdahl, Mats & Rettberg, Petra (9 September 2008). "Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit". Current Biology. 18 (17): R729–R731. Bibcode:2008CBio...18.R729J. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.048. PMID 18786368. S2CID 8566993.

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Andrews, Dana G.; Zubrin, Robert M. (1990). "Magnetic Sails & Interstellar Travel" (PDF). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 43: 265–272. doi:10.2514/3.26230. S2CID 55324095. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-02. Retrieved 2019-07-21.

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

McGinnis, Jon (2022), "Arabic and Islamic Natural Philosophy and Natural Science", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 ed.), retrieved 2022-08-11.

swipnet.se

home.swipnet.se

Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–69 (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine).

uchicago.edu

humanities.uchicago.edu

Dallal, Ahmad (2001–2002). "The Interplay of Science and Theology in the Fourteenth-century Kalam". From Medieval to Modern in the Islamic World, Sawyer Seminar at the University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2008-02-02.

unh.edu

www-ssg.sr.unh.edu

University of New Hampshire Experimental Space Plasma Group. "What is the Interstellar Medium". The Interstellar Medium, an online tutorial. Archived from the original on 2006-02-17. Retrieved 2006-03-15.

uva.nl

seop.illc.uva.nl

Druart, Therese-Anne (2016), "al-Farabi", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 ed.), retrieved 2022-10-25

web.archive.org

"What words in the English language contain two u's in a row?". Oxford Dictionaries Online. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
Dallal, Ahmad (2001–2002). "The Interplay of Science and Theology in the Fourteenth-century Kalam". From Medieval to Modern in the Islamic World, Sawyer Seminar at the University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–69 (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine).
"The World's Largest Barometer". Archived from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
Squire, Tom (September 27, 2000). "U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976". Thermal Protection Systems Expert and Material Properties Database. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
Andrews, Dana G.; Zubrin, Robert M. (1990). "Magnetic Sails & Interstellar Travel" (PDF). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 43: 265–272. doi:10.2514/3.26230. S2CID 55324095. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-02. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
Landis, Geoffrey (7 August 2007). "Human Exposure to Vacuum". geoffreylandis.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2006.
University of New Hampshire Experimental Space Plasma Group. "What is the Interstellar Medium". The Interstellar Medium, an online tutorial. Archived from the original on 2006-02-17. Retrieved 2006-03-15.

worldcat.org

Chambers, Austin (2004). Modern Vacuum Physics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2438-3. OCLC 55000526.^{[page needed]}
Genz, Henning (1994). Nothingness: The Science of Empty Space. New York: Perseus Book Publishing (published 1999). ISBN 978-0-7382-0610-3. OCLC 48836264.
Barrow, John D. (2000). The Book of Nothing: Vacuums, Voids, and the Latest Ideas about the Origins of the Universe (1st American ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-09-928845-9. OCLC 46600561.
John H., Moore; Christopher Davis; Michael A. Coplan & Sandra Greer (2002). Building Scientific Apparatus. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4007-4. OCLC 50287675.^{[page needed]}
Harding, Richard M. (1989). Survival in Space: Medical Problems of Manned Spaceflight. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-00253-0. OCLC 18744945..

zenodo.org

Pickering, W.H. (1912). "Solar system, the motion of the, relatively to the interstellar absorbing medium". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 72 (9): 740. Bibcode:1912MNRAS..72..740P. doi:10.1093/mnras/72.9.740.