Virtual private network (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Virtual private network" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

19web.archive.org

1^st place

5ietf.org

214^th place

176^th place

4rfc-editor.org

6,184^th place

4,465^th place

3doi.org

2^nd place

2cisco.com

2,882^nd place

2,105^th place

2apple.com

67^th place

64^th place

2worldcat.org

5^th place

2inka.de

low place

2microsoft.com

153^rd place

151^st place

2sourceforge.net

1,669^th place

1,290^th place

1nist.gov

355^th place

454^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1support.google.com

1,091^st place

936^th place

1android.com

3,145^th place

2,798^th place

1softether.org

low place

1infradead.org

low place

1uspto.gov

1,459^th place

991^st place

1openbsd.org

low place

6,737^th place

1cb.vu

low place

1arstechnica.com

388^th place

265^th place

1googlesource.com

low place

7,297^th place

1ieee.org

652^nd place

515^th place

1redhat.com

5,386^th place

4,042^nd place

1litux.nl

low place

1books.google.com

3^rd place

1techtarget.com

2,435^th place

1,699^th place

1officer.com

low place

1wsj.com

79^th place

65^th place

1hackercombat.com

low place

android.com

source.android.com

"IPsec/IKEv2 Library". Android Open Source Project. Retrieved 11 July 2024.

apple.com

support.apple.com

"VPN settings overview for Apple devices". Apple Support. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
"VPN overview for Apple device deployment". Apple Support. Retrieved 9 July 2024.

archive.org

Mason, Andrew G. (2002). Cisco Secure Virtual Private Network. Cisco Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781587050336.

arstechnica.com

Salter, Jim (30 March 2020). "WireGuard VPN makes it to 1.0.0—and into the next Linux kernel". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

books.google.com

Cisco Systems, Inc. (2004). Internetworking Technologies Handbook. Networking Technology Series (4 ed.). Cisco Press. p. 233. ISBN 9781587051197. Retrieved 15 February 2013. [...] VPNs using dedicated circuits, such as Frame Relay [...] are sometimes called trusted VPNs, because customers trust that the network facilities operated by the service providers will not be compromised.

cb.vu

"ssh(1) – OpenBSD manual pages". man.openbsd.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- Barschel, Colin. "Unix Toolbox". cb.vu. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

cisco.com

"What Is a VPN? - Virtual Private Network". Cisco. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
"Security for VPNs with IPsec Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 15S - VPN Acceleration Module [Support]". Cisco. Retrieved 9 July 2024.

doi.org

RFC 3809 - Generic Requirements for Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks. sec. 1.1. doi:10.17487/RFC3809. RFC 3809.
E. Jankiewicz; J. Loughney; T. Narten (December 2011). IPv6 Node Requirements. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6434. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 6434. Obsolete. p. 17. Obsoleted by RFC 8504. Obsoletes RFC 4294. Previously, IPv6 mandated implementation of IPsec and recommended the key management approach of IKE. This document updates that recommendation by making support of the IPsec Architecture RFC4301 a SHOULD for all IPv6 nodes.
Younglove, R. (December 2000). "Virtual private networks - how they work". Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 11 (6): 260–262. doi:10.1049/cce:20000602 (inactive 12 July 2025). ISSN 0956-3385.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)^{[dead link]}
- Benjamin Dowling, and Kenneth G. Paterson (12 June 2018). "A cryptographic analysis of the WireGuard protocol". International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security. ISBN 978-3-319-93386-3.

googlesource.com

android.googlesource.com

"Diff - 99761f1eac33d14a4b1613ae4b7076f41cb2df94^! - kernel/common - Git at Google". android.googlesource.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2020.

hackercombat.com

Sowells, Julia (7 August 2017). "Virtual Private Network (VPN) : What VPN Is And How It Works". Hackercombat. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Younglove, R. (December 2000). "Virtual private networks - how they work". Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 11 (6): 260–262. doi:10.1049/cce:20000602 (inactive 12 July 2025). ISSN 0956-3385.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)^{[dead link]}
- Benjamin Dowling, and Kenneth G. Paterson (12 June 2018). "A cryptographic analysis of the WireGuard protocol". International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security. ISBN 978-3-319-93386-3.

ietf.org

Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP" Archived 30 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2661, W. Townsley et al., August 1999
IP Based Virtual Private Networks Archived 9 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2341, A. Valencia et al., May 1998
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Archived 2 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2637, K. Hamzeh et al., July 1999

datatracker.ietf.org

RFC 3809 - Generic Requirements for Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks. sec. 1.1. doi:10.17487/RFC3809. RFC 3809.
E. Jankiewicz; J. Loughney; T. Narten (December 2011). IPv6 Node Requirements. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6434. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 6434. Obsolete. p. 17. Obsoleted by RFC 8504. Obsoletes RFC 4294. Previously, IPv6 mandated implementation of IPsec and recommended the key management approach of IKE. This document updates that recommendation by making support of the IPsec Architecture RFC4301 a SHOULD for all IPv6 nodes.

infradead.org

"OpenConnect". Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2013. OpenConnect is a client for Cisco's AnyConnect SSL VPN [...] OpenConnect is not officially supported by, or associated in any way with, Cisco Systems. It just happens to interoperate with their equipment.

inka.de

sites.inka.de

"Why TCP Over TCP Is A Bad Idea". sites.inka.de. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
Titz, Olaf (20 December 2011). "CIPE - Crypto IP Encapsulation". CIPE - Crypto IP Encapsulation. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

litux.nl

Fuller, Johnray; Ha, John (2002). Red Hat Linux 9: Red Hat Linux Security Guide (PDF). United States: Red Hat, Inc. pp. 48–53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- Petersen, Richard (2004). "Chapter 17: Internet Protocol Security: IPsec, Crypto IP Encapsulation for Virtual Private Networks". Red Hat - The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition. United States: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. ISBN 0-07-223075-4. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.

microsoft.com

support.microsoft.com

"Connect to a VPN in Windows - Microsoft Support". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 11 July 2024.

learn.microsoft.com

"About Always On VPN for Windows Server Remote Access". learn.microsoft.com. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2024.

nist.gov

csrc.nist.gov

"virtual private network". NIST Computer Security Resource Center Glossary. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

officer.com

Willett, Andy. "Solving the Computing Challenges of Mobile Officers" Archived 12 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, www.officer.com, May, 2006.

openbsd.org

man.openbsd.org

"ssh(1) – OpenBSD manual pages". man.openbsd.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- Barschel, Colin. "Unix Toolbox". cb.vu. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

redhat.com

archive.download.redhat.com

Fuller, Johnray; Ha, John (2002). Red Hat Linux 9: Red Hat Linux Security Guide (PDF). United States: Red Hat, Inc. pp. 48–53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- Petersen, Richard (2004). "Chapter 17: Internet Protocol Security: IPsec, Crypto IP Encapsulation for Virtual Private Networks". Red Hat - The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition. United States: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. ISBN 0-07-223075-4. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.

rfc-editor.org

E. Jankiewicz; J. Loughney; T. Narten (December 2011). IPv6 Node Requirements. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6434. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 6434. Obsolete. p. 17. Obsoleted by RFC 8504. Obsoletes RFC 4294. Previously, IPv6 mandated implementation of IPsec and recommended the key management approach of IKE. This document updates that recommendation by making support of the IPsec Architecture RFC4301 a SHOULD for all IPv6 nodes.
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP" Archived 30 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2661, W. Townsley et al., August 1999
IP Based Virtual Private Networks Archived 9 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2341, A. Valencia et al., May 1998
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Archived 2 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2637, K. Hamzeh et al., July 1999

softether.org

"1. Ultimate Powerful VPN Connectivity". www.softether.org. SoftEther VPN Project. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.

sourceforge.net

Titz, Olaf (2 April 2013). "CIPE - encrypted IP in UDP tunneling". SourceForge. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- Wilson, Damion (19 October 2002). "CIPE-Win32 - Crypto IP Encapsulation for Windows NT/2000". SourceForge. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
cipe-win32.sourceforge.net
- Titz, Olaf (2 April 2013). "CIPE - encrypted IP in UDP tunneling". SourceForge. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  - Wilson, Damion (19 October 2002). "CIPE-Win32 - Crypto IP Encapsulation for Windows NT/2000". SourceForge. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

support.google.com

"Connect to a virtual private network (VPN) on Android". Retrieved 11 July 2024.

techtarget.com

searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com

Phifer, Lisa. "Mobile VPN: Closing the Gap" Archived 6 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, SearchMobileComputing.com, 16 July 2006.

uspto.gov

tarr.uspto.gov

"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval". tarr.uspto.gov. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2022.

web.archive.org

"virtual private network". NIST Computer Security Resource Center Glossary. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
"What Is a VPN? - Virtual Private Network". Cisco. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
"1. Ultimate Powerful VPN Connectivity". www.softether.org. SoftEther VPN Project. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
"OpenConnect". Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2013. OpenConnect is a client for Cisco's AnyConnect SSL VPN [...] OpenConnect is not officially supported by, or associated in any way with, Cisco Systems. It just happens to interoperate with their equipment.
"Why TCP Over TCP Is A Bad Idea". sites.inka.de. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
"Trademark Status & Document Retrieval". tarr.uspto.gov. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
"ssh(1) – OpenBSD manual pages". man.openbsd.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- Barschel, Colin. "Unix Toolbox". cb.vu. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
- Salter, Jim (30 March 2020). "WireGuard VPN makes it to 1.0.0—and into the next Linux kernel". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- "Diff - 99761f1eac33d14a4b1613ae4b7076f41cb2df94^! - kernel/common - Git at Google". android.googlesource.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- Fuller, Johnray; Ha, John (2002). Red Hat Linux 9: Red Hat Linux Security Guide (PDF). United States: Red Hat, Inc. pp. 48–53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  - Petersen, Richard (2004). "Chapter 17: Internet Protocol Security: IPsec, Crypto IP Encapsulation for Virtual Private Networks". Red Hat - The Complete Reference Enterprise Linux & Fedora Edition. United States: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. ISBN 0-07-223075-4. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  - Titz, Olaf (20 December 2011). "CIPE - Crypto IP Encapsulation". CIPE - Crypto IP Encapsulation. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  - Titz, Olaf (2 April 2013). "CIPE - encrypted IP in UDP tunneling". SourceForge. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
    - Wilson, Damion (19 October 2002). "CIPE-Win32 - Crypto IP Encapsulation for Windows NT/2000". SourceForge. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
    - Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP" Archived 30 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2661, W. Townsley et al., August 1999
    - IP Based Virtual Private Networks Archived 9 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2341, A. Valencia et al., May 1998
    - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Archived 2 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, RFC 2637, K. Hamzeh et al., July 1999
    - Phifer, Lisa. "Mobile VPN: Closing the Gap" Archived 6 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, SearchMobileComputing.com, 16 July 2006.
    - Willett, Andy. "Solving the Computing Challenges of Mobile Officers" Archived 12 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, www.officer.com, May, 2006.
    - Cheng, Roger. "Lost Connections" Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Wall Street Journal, 11 December 2007.
    - Sowells, Julia (7 August 2017). "Virtual Private Network (VPN) : What VPN Is And How It Works". Hackercombat. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

E. Jankiewicz; J. Loughney; T. Narten (December 2011). IPv6 Node Requirements. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6434. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 6434. Obsolete. p. 17. Obsoleted by RFC 8504. Obsoletes RFC 4294. Previously, IPv6 mandated implementation of IPsec and recommended the key management approach of IKE. This document updates that recommendation by making support of the IPsec Architecture RFC4301 a SHOULD for all IPv6 nodes.
Younglove, R. (December 2000). "Virtual private networks - how they work". Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 11 (6): 260–262. doi:10.1049/cce:20000602 (inactive 12 July 2025). ISSN 0956-3385.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)^{[dead link]}
- Benjamin Dowling, and Kenneth G. Paterson (12 June 2018). "A cryptographic analysis of the WireGuard protocol". International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security. ISBN 978-3-319-93386-3.

wsj.com

Cheng, Roger. "Lost Connections" Archived 28 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Wall Street Journal, 11 December 2007.

Virtual private network (English Wikipedia)

android.com

source.android.com

apple.com

support.apple.com

archive.org

arstechnica.com

books.google.com

cb.vu

cisco.com

doi.org

googlesource.com

android.googlesource.com

hackercombat.com

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

ietf.org

ietf.org

datatracker.ietf.org

infradead.org

inka.de

sites.inka.de

litux.nl

microsoft.com

support.microsoft.com

learn.microsoft.com

nist.gov

csrc.nist.gov

officer.com

openbsd.org

man.openbsd.org

redhat.com

archive.download.redhat.com

rfc-editor.org

softether.org

sourceforge.net

sourceforge.net

cipe-win32.sourceforge.net

support.google.com

techtarget.com

searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com

uspto.gov

tarr.uspto.gov

web.archive.org

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

wsj.com