Voting Rights Act of 1965 (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Voting Rights Act of 1965" in English language version.

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americancriminallawreview.com

Brewster, Henry; Dubler, Grant; Klym, Peter (2013). "Election Law Violations". American Criminal Law Review. 50. Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.(Subscription required.)

annistonstar.com

Fleming, John (March 6, 2005). "The Death of Jimmie Lee Jackson". The Anniston Star. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2015.

archive.org

May, Gary (April 9, 2013). Bending Toward Justice: The Voting Rights Act and the Transformation of American Democracy (Kindle ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01846-8.
Williams, Juan (2002). Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965. New York, NY: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-009653-8.

archive.today

"History of Federal Voting Rights Laws: The Voting Rights Act of 1965". United States Department of Justice. July 28, 2017. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Introduction to Federal Voting Rights Laws: The Effect of the Voting Rights Act". U.S. Department of Justice. June 19, 2009. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
Feder, Catalina; Miller, Michael G. (June 1, 2020). "Voter Purges After Shelby: Part of Special Symposium on Election Sciences". American Politics Research. 48 (6): 687–692. doi:10.1177/1532673x20916426. ISSN 1532-673X. S2CID 221131969. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021.
Soronen, Lisa (October 8, 2020). "Supreme Court to Decide Significant Voting Case". ncsl.org. The National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
Totenberg, Nina (July 1, 2021). "The Supreme Court Deals A New Blow To Voting Rights, Upholding Arizona Restrictions". NPR. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.

archives.gov

"Milestone Documents: Voting Rights Act (1965)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2023.

congresslink.org

"Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964". CongressLink. Dirksen Congressional Center. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
"Voting Rights Act of 1965". The Dirksen Congressional Center. Congresslink. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

constitutioncenter.org

Denniston, Lyle (August 13, 2015). "Constitution Check: Is another key part of the Voting Rights Act in trouble?". National Constitution Center. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 3(c); 52 U.S.C. § 10302(c) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973a(c))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 14(c)(3); 52 U.S.C. § 10310(c)(3) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973l(c)(3))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 2; 52 U.S.C. § 10301 (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973)
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 201; 52 U.S.C. § 10501 (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973aa)
Voting Rights Act § 14(c)(2); 52 U.S.C. § 10310(c)(2) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973l(c)(2))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 5; 52 U.S.C. § 10304 (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973c)
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 5(b); 52 U.S.C. § 10304(b) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973c(b))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 5(c); 52 U.S.C. § 10304(c) (formerly 42 U.S.C. 1973c(c))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 4(a); 52 U.S.C. § 10303(a)(1)(F) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973b(a)(1)(F))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 4(f)(4); 52 U.S.C. § 10303(f)(4) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973b(f)(4))
Voting Rights Act of 1965 § 4(e); 52 U.S.C. § 10303(e) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 1973b(e))

crmvet.org

The March to Montgomery ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive.

doi.org

Feder, Catalina; Miller, Michael G. (June 1, 2020). "Voter Purges After Shelby: Part of Special Symposium on Election Sciences". American Politics Research. 48 (6): 687–692. doi:10.1177/1532673x20916426. ISSN 1532-673X. S2CID 221131969. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021.
Bernini, Andrea; Facchini, Giovanni; Tabellini, Marco; Testa, Cecilia (July 2023). "Black Empowerment and White Mobilization: The Effects of the Voting Rights Act". National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 31425. doi:10.3386/w31425.
Fresh, Adriane (February 23, 2018). "The Effect of the Voting Rights Act on Enfranchisement: Evidence from North Carolina". The Journal of Politics. 80 (2): 713–718. doi:10.1086/697592. S2CID 158668168.
Ang, Desmond (2019). "Do 40-Year-Old Facts Still Matter? Long-Run Effects of Federal Oversight under the Voting Rights Act". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 11 (3): 1–53. doi:10.1257/app.20170572. ISSN 1945-7782.
Shah, P. R.; Marschall, M. J.; Ruhil, A. V. S. (2013). "Are We There Yet? The Voting Rights Act and Black Representation on City Councils, 1981–2006". The Journal of Politics. 75 (4): 993–1008. doi:10.1017/s0022381613000972. hdl:1911/71875. S2CID 62823836.
Schuit, Sophie; Rogowski, Jon C. (December 1, 2016). "Race, Representation, and the Voting Rights Act". American Journal of Political Science. 61 (3): 513–526. doi:10.1111/ajps.12284. ISSN 1540-5907.
Cascio, Elizabeth U.; Washington, Ebonya (February 1, 2014). "Valuing the Vote: The Redistribution of Voting Rights and State Funds following the Voting Rights Act of 1965". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 129 (1): 379–433. doi:10.1093/qje/qjt028. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 617854.
Bernini, Andrea; Facchini, Giovanni; Testa, Cecilia (April 2023). "Race, Representation, and Local Governments in the US South: The Effect of the Voting Rights Act". Journal of Political Economy. 131 (4). Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press: 994–1056. doi:10.1086/722092. ISSN 0022-3808. S2CID 158339446.
Persily, Nathaniel (2007). "The Promise and Pitfalls of the New Voting Rights Act". Yale Law Journal. 117 (2): 174–254. doi:10.2307/20455790. JSTOR 20455790. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
Gerken, Heather K. (2001). "Understanding the Right to an Undiluted Vote". Harvard Law Review. 114 (6): 1663–1743. doi:10.2307/1342651. JSTOR 1342651. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
Feder, Catalina; Miller, Michael G. (2020). "Voter Purges After Shelby". American Politics Research. 48 (6): 687–692. doi:10.1177/1532673x20916426. ISSN 1532-673X. S2CID 221131969.

duke.edu

scholarship.law.duke.edu

Posner, Mark A. (2006). "The Real Story Behind the Justice Department's Implementation of Section 5 of the VRA: Vigorous Enforcement, As Intended by Congress". Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy. 1 (1). Retrieved November 30, 2013.

ebscohost.com

connection.ebscohost.com

Kousser, J. Morgan (2008). "The Strange, Ironic Career of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, 1965–2007". Texas Law Review. 86. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2013. – via EBSCOhost (Subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries.)

emory.edu

beck.library.emory.edu

Mcdonald, Laughlin (1985). "The Attack on Voting Rights". Southern Changes. 7 (5). Archived from the original on October 14, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2017.

fairelectionsnetwork.com

Sherman, Jon (November 11, 2013). "Three Strategies (So Far) to Strike Down Strict Voter ID Laws Under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act". Fair Elections Legal Network. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2015.

ferris.edu

Baumgartner, Neil (December 2012). "James Reeb". Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia. Ferris State University. Retrieved November 16, 2020.

findlaw.com

caselaw.lp.findlaw.com

Bartlett v. Strickland, 556 U.S. 1 (2009)
Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder, 557 U.S. 193 (2009)

gao.gov

Staats, Elmer B. (February 6, 1978). "Voting Rights Act: Enforcement Needs Strengthening". Report of the Comptroller General of the United States (GGD-78-19). Retrieved October 27, 2013.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Dywer, Devin (July 1, 2021). "Supreme Court upholds Arizona restrictions in major voting rights, racial discrimination case". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.

govtrack.us

"Senate Vote #67 in 1965: To Invoke Cloture and End Debate on S. 1564, the Voting Rights Act of 1965". govtrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
"Senate Vote #78 in 1965: To Pass S. 1564, the Voting Rights Act of 1965". govtrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
"House Vote #86 in 1965: To Recommit H.R. 6400, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, with Instructions to Substitute the Text of H.R. 7896 Prohibiting the Denial to Any Person of the Right to Register or to Vote Because of his Failure to Pay a Poll Tax or Any Other Such Tax, for the Language of the Committee Amendment". govtrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
"House Vote #87 in 1965: To Pass H.R. 6400, the Voting Rights Act of 1965". govtrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
"House Vote #107 in 1965: To Agree to Conference Report on S. 1564, the Voting Rights Act". govtrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
"Senate Vote #178 in 1965: To Agree to Conference Report on S. 1564, the Voting Rights Act of 1965". govtrack.us. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
"H.R. 885: Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2015". govtrack.us. Retrieved December 27, 2015.

gpo.gov

"Public Law 91-285". June 22, 1970. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
"Public Law 94-73". August 6, 1975. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
"Public Law 97-205". June 29, 1982. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
"Public Law 102-344". August 26, 1992. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
"Public Law 109-246". July 27, 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
"Public Law 110-258". July 1, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2014. (amending short title of P.L. 109-246)

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Shah, P. R.; Marschall, M. J.; Ruhil, A. V. S. (2013). "Are We There Yet? The Voting Rights Act and Black Representation on City Councils, 1981–2006". The Journal of Politics. 75 (4): 993–1008. doi:10.1017/s0022381613000972. hdl:1911/71875. S2CID 62823836.

harvard.edu

law.harvard.edu

Guinier, Lani (1994). "(e)Racing Democracy: The Voting Rights Cases" (PDF). Harvard Law Review. 108. Retrieved November 24, 2013.

heinonline.org

De Oliveira, Pedro (2009). "Same Day Voter Registration: Post-Crawford Reform to Address the Growing Burdens on Lower-Income Voters". Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy. 16. Retrieved April 13, 2019. (Subscription required.)
Buss, William G. (January 1998). "Federalism, Separation of Powers, and the Demise of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act". Iowa Law Review. 83. Retrieved January 7, 2014. (Subscription required.)

house.gov

sensenbrenner.house.gov

"Reps. Sensenbrenner and Conyers Reintroduce Bipartisan Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2017". Congressman Jim Sensenbrenner. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.

iu.edu

mckinneylaw.iu.edu

Tokaji, Daniel P. (2010). "Public Rights and Private Rights of Action: The Enforcement of Federal Election Laws" (PDF). Indiana Law Review. 44. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2014.

jstor.org

Persily, Nathaniel (2007). "The Promise and Pitfalls of the New Voting Rights Act". Yale Law Journal. 117 (2): 174–254. doi:10.2307/20455790. JSTOR 20455790. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
Gerken, Heather K. (2001). "Understanding the Right to an Undiluted Vote". Harvard Law Review. 114 (6): 1663–1743. doi:10.2307/1342651. JSTOR 1342651. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
Grofman, Bernard; Handley, Lisa (February 1991). "The Impact of the Voting Rights Act on Black Representation in Southern State Legislatures" (PDF). Legislative Studies Quarterly. 16 (1): 111. JSTOR 439970. Retrieved January 5, 2014.

justia.com

supreme.justia.com

In Gingles, the Supreme Court held that the Gingles test applies to claims that an at-large election scheme results in vote dilution. The court later held, in Growe v. Emison, 507 U.S. 25 (1993), that the Gingles test also applies to claims that a redistricting plan results in vote dilution through the arrangement of single-member districts.^[100]^: 1006
Shelby County v. Holder, No. 12–96, 570 U.S. ___ (2014)
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966)
"South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966), at 313 and 314. Footnotes omitted". Justia US Supreme Court Center. March 7, 1966. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
"South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966), at 327–329. Footnotes omitted". Justia US Supreme Court Center. March 7, 1966. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board, 528 U.S. 320 (2000)
Georgia v. Ashcroft, 539 U.S. 461 (2003)
"Allen v. State Bd. of Elections, 393 U.S. 544 (1969), at 565-566". Justia US Supreme Court Center. March 3, 1969. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
Allen v. State Bd. of Elections, 393 U.S. 544 (1969)
Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980)
"Chisom v. Roemer, 501 U.S. 380 (1991), at 394–395". Justia US Supreme Court Center. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
"Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964), at 17-18". Justia US Supreme Court Center. February 17, 1964. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
Johnson v. De Grandy, 512 U.S. 997 (1994)
Thornburg v. Gingles, 478 U.S. 30 (1986)
Campos v. City of Baytown, 840 F.2d 1240 (5th Cir.), cert denied, 492 U.S. 905 (1989)
League of United Latin American Citizens v. Clements, 999 F.3d 831 (5th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 510 U.S. 1071 (1994)
"Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964), at 555 and 561–562". Justia US Supreme Court Center. June 15, 1964. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
Holder v. Hall, 512 U.S. 874 (1994)
Richardson v. Ramirez, 418 U.S. 24 (1974)
Allen v. State Board of Elections, 393 U.S. 544 (1969)
Hathorn v. Lovorn, 457 U.S. 255 (1982)
Lopez v. Monterey County (Lopez I), 519 U.S. 9 (1996)
Morris v. Gressette, 432 U.S. 491 (1977)
Beer v. United States, 425 U.S. 130 (1976)
Katzenbach v. Morgan, 384 U.S. 641 (1966)
Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970)
Mississippi Republican Executive Opinion v. Brooks, 469 U.S. 1002 (1984)
South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966)
City of Rome v. United States, 446 U.S. 156 (1980)
Lopez v. Monterey County (Lopez II), 525 U.S. 266 (1999)
Shaw v. Reno (Shaw I), 509 U.S. 630 (1993)
Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 (1995)
Bush v. Vera, 517 U.S. 952 (1996)

justice.gov

"History of Federal Voting Rights Laws: The Voting Rights Act of 1965". United States Department of Justice. July 28, 2017. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Introduction to Federal Voting Rights Laws: The Effect of the Voting Rights Act". U.S. Department of Justice. June 19, 2009. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
"About Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act". U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
"Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act". The United States Department of Justice. September 11, 2020. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
"Section 3 of the Voting Rights Act". U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
"Brief for the Federal Respondent, Shelby County v. Holder, 2013 United States Supreme Court Briefs No. 12-96" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
"What Must Be Submitted Under Section 5". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
"About Federal Observers and Election Monitoring". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Groves, Robert M. (October 13, 2011). "Voting Rights Act Amendments of 2006, Determinations Under Section 203" (PDF). Federal Register. 76 (198). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2017.

law.edu

scholarship.law.edu

Kosterlitz, Mary J. (1987). "Thornburg v. Gingles: The Supreme Court's New Test for Analyzing Minority Vote Dilution". Catholic University Law Review. 36. Retrieved April 13, 2019.

middlebury.edu

cfm40.middlebury.edu

Kryn, Randy. "Movement Revision Research Summary Regarding James Bevel". Chicago Freedom Movement. Middlebury College. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2014.

motherjones.com

Berman, Ari (March 1, 2021). "Voting Rights: Republicans Are Trying to Kill What's Left of the Voting Rights Act". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.

naacpldf.org

"Moving Forward on the VRAA". NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. Retrieved April 19, 2014.

nbcnews.com

Timm, Jane (November 20, 2023). "Federal court threatens to deal a death blow to the Voting Rights Act". NBC News. Retrieved November 20, 2023.

nccu.edu

archives.law.nccu.edu

Roseman, Brandon (2009). "Equal Opportunities Do Not Always Equate to Equal Representation: How Bartlett v. Strickland is a Regression in the Face of the Ongoing Civil Rights Movement". North Carolina Central Law Review. 32. Retrieved April 13, 2019.

ncsl.org

Soronen, Lisa (October 8, 2020). "Supreme Court to Decide Significant Voting Case". ncsl.org. The National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.

npr.org

"The Supreme Court Deals A New Blow To Voting Rights, Upholding Arizona Restrictions". NPR. July 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 26, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
Totenberg, Nina (July 1, 2021). "The Supreme Court Deals A New Blow To Voting Rights, Upholding Arizona Restrictions". NPR. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
Totenberg, Nina. "Supreme Court Weighs Future Of Voting Rights Act". National Public Radio. National Public Radio. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.

nvrmi.com

"Voting Rights Act". National Voting Rights Museum and Institute. Retrieved May 23, 2014.

nytimes.com

Wicker, Tom (March 15, 1965). "Johnson Urges Congress at Joint Session to Pass Law Insuring Negro Vote". The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
Liptak, Adam (July 1, 2021). "Supreme Court Upholds Arizona Voting Restrictions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
Liptak, Adam (January 14, 2014). "Judge Reinstates Some Federal Oversight of Voting Practices for an Alabama City". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
Liptak, A. (June 25, 2013). "Supreme Court Invalidates Key Part of Voting Rights Act". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
Liptak, Adam (June 23, 2009). "Justices Let Stand a Central Provision of Voting Rights Act". The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
Boyd, James (May 17, 1970). "Nixon's Southern Strategy: 'It's All in the Charts'" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
Liptak, Adam (June 22, 2009). "Justices Retain Oversight by U.S. on Voting". The New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2014.

nyujlpp.org

Tucker, James Thomas (2006). "Enfranchising Language Minority Citizens: The Bilingual Election Provisions of the Voting Rights Act" (PDF). New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Posner, Mark A. (2006). "Time is Still on Its Side: Why Congressional Reauthorization of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act Represents a Congruent and Proportional Response to Our Nation's History of Discrimination in Voting" (PDF). New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy. 10. Retrieved December 14, 2013.

onu.edu

0-heinonline.org.polar.onu.edu

Harper, Charlotte Marx (2000). "Lopez v. Monterey County: A Remedy Gone Too Far?". Baylor Law Review. 52. Retrieved May 24, 2014.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Cascio, Elizabeth U.; Washington, Ebonya (February 1, 2014). "Valuing the Vote: The Redistribution of Voting Rights and State Funds following the Voting Rights Act of 1965". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 129 (1): 379–433. doi:10.1093/qje/qjt028. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 617854.

ourdocuments.gov

"Voting Rights Act (1965)". Our Documents. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Voting Rights Act (1965): Document Info". Our Documents. Retrieved September 8, 2013.

redrawingthelines.org

"The Role of Section 2 – Redistricting & Vote Dilution". Redrawing the Lines. NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.

repec.org

ideas.repec.org

Lacroix, Jean (April 13, 2020). "Ballots instead of Bullets? The effect of the Voting Rights Act on political violence". Working Papers CEB. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023.

reuters.com

Chung, Andrew (February 24, 2021). "U.S. Supreme Court set to weigh Republican-backed voting restrictions". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.

rosaparksfacts.com

Moholtra, Ajay (June 1, 2008). "Rosa Parks Early Life & Childhood". Rosa Park Facts.com. Retrieved April 1, 2015.

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