Vulva (English Wikipedia)

Bourke, Emily (12 November 2009). "Designer vagina craze worries doctors". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2016.

ajog.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Millner, Vaughn S.; Eichold, Bernard H.; Sharpe, Thomasina H.; Lynn, Sherwood C. (2005). "First glimpse of the functional benefits of clitoral hood piercings". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 193 (3): 675–676. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.130. PMID 16150259. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2011.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Gould, George Milbry (1894). An Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine, Biology and Allied Sciences. London: Balliére, Tindall & Cox. pp. 649, 684, 778–779, 1212, 1610. OCLC 1045367748.
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Sadler, T. (2010). Langman's medical embryology (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 253–258. ISBN 978-0-7817-9069-7.
Larsen, William J. (2001). Human embryology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 284–288. ISBN 978-0-443-06583-5.
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Campbell, Neil (1990). Biology (2nd ed.). Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. pp. 939–946. ISBN 978-0-8053-1800-5.
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Tschachler, Heinz; Devine, Maureen; Draxlbauer, Michael (2003). The EmBodyment of American Culture. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-3-8258-6762-1.
A Dictionary of First Names (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0-19-211651-2. Pet form of Frances, very popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, but now much rarer
Dening, Sarah (1996). "Chapter 3: Sex in Ancient Civilizations". The Mythology of Sex. London, England: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-861207-2.
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bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Labia stretching: Why some British girls are told to do it". BBC News. 7 April 2017. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Burrows (7 October 2009). 100 Questions & Answers About Vulvar Cancer and Other Diseases of the Vulva and Vagina. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1-4496-3091-1. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Neill, Sallie; Lewis, Fiona (6 July 2009). Ridley's The Vulva. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1669-8. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
Fischer, Gayle; Bradford, Jennifer (2023). The Vulva: A Practical Handbook for Clinicians. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-00909-596-9. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
Singh, Vishram (2023). Textbook of Anatomy- Abdomen and Lower Limb, Volume 2- E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-3-66243-680-6.
Fahmy, Mohamed (27 November 2014). Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies: An Illustrated Reference Guide. Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-43680-6. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U (2010). General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-60406-287-8. Archived from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
Kinsey, Alfred (1998). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Indiana University Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-25333-411-4.
Greenberg, Jerrold; Bruess, Clint; Conklin, Sarah (10 March 2010). Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0-7637-7660-2. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
Carroll, Janell L. (2011). Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learning. pp. 86–88, 116–120, 253–256. ISBN 978-0-495-60274-3.
Milner, Danny A. (3 June 2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
Carroll, Lynne; Mizock, Lauren (7 February 2017). Clinical Issues and Affirmative Treatment with Transgender Clients, An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-51004-2. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Farage, Miranda A.; Maibach, Howard I. (19 April 2016). The Vulva: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-0531-8. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Ismail, Buyukcelebi (2003). Living in the Shade of Islam: A Comprehensive Reference of Theory and Practice. Tughra Books. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-932-09921-8.
Dictionaries, Oxford (10 May 2012). Paperback Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964094-2. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
Silverton, Peter (2011). Filthy English: The How, Why, When And What Of Everyday Swearing. Granta Publications. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-84627-452-7. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
Rosewarne, Lauren (2013). American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-313-39934-3. Archived from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016. While pussy as a euphemism for vagina is very common in popular parlance, Mrs Slocombe was actually talking about her pet cat. In this context, the use of "pussy" works as a double entendre rather than as a euphemism.
Hollander, Anne (22 March 1993). Seeing Through Clothes. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08231-1. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
Leick, Gwendolyn (2013) [1994]. Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature. New York: Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-134-92074-7. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
Ceccarelli, Manuel (2016). Enki und Ninmah: Eine mythische Erzählung in sumerischer Sprache. Orientalische Religionen in der Antike. Vol. 16. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. p. 21. ISBN 978-3-16-154278-7. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
Launderville, Dale (2010). Celibacy in the Ancient World: Its Ideal and Practice in Pre-Hellenistic Israel, Mesopotamia, and Greece. A Michael Glazier Book. Collegeville, Maryland: Liturgical Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-8146-5734-8. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. The British Museum Press. pp. 150–152. ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
Freitag, Barbara (2004). Sheela-na-gigs: Unravelling an Enigma. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-34552-1. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Tyndale-Biscoe, C. Hugh; Renfree, Marilyn (30 January 1987). Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33792-2.
Kustritz, Margaret V. Root (2006). The Dog Breeder's Guide to Successful Breeding and Health Management. Saunders Elsevier. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-41603-139-0.
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McEntee, Mark (2012). Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals. Elsevier Science. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-32313-804-8. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
Blüm, Volker (2012). Vertebrate Reproduction: A Textbook. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 74. ISBN 978-3-64271-074-2. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
Andrews, Anthony; Boden, Edward (2015). Black's Veterinary Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 484. ISBN 978-1-40814-955-3. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
Studdert, Virginia P.; Gray, Clive C. (2011). Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary E-Book. Elselvier Health Sciences. p. 1183. ISBN 978-0-70204-744-2.
McEntee, Mark (2012). Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals. Elsevier Science. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-32313-804-8.
Sjaastad, Oystein V.; Sand, Olav; Hove, Knut (2010). Physiology of Domestic Mammals. Scandinavian Veterinarian Press. p. 704. ISBN 978-8-29174-307-3.
Evans, Warren J. (1990). The Horse. W. H. Freeman. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-71671-811-6. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
Advances in the Study of Behavior. Academic Press. 22 September 1983. ISBN 978-0-08-058274-0.

bronwenevans.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Women's problems in early 1800s". Bronwen Evans. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

cancerresearchuk.org (Global: 9,972^nd place; English: 7,596^th place)

"About vulval cancer". Cancer Research UK. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
"Types of vulval cancer". Cancer Research UK. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2018.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"CDC - What Are the Symptoms of Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
"Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2 November 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
"STD Facts - Gonorrhea". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 16 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
"Genital Herpes – CDC Fact Sheet". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
"Risk Factors - Molluscum Contagiosum". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
"STD Facts - Trichomoniasis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2017.

dbnl.org (Global: 1,412^th place; English: 1,636^th place)

"Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Wit over zwart · dbnl". DBNL (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2018.

dermnetnz.org (Global: 9,182^nd place; English: 8,192^nd place)

Vanessa Ngan (2002). "Vulval and vaginal problems in prepubertal females". DermNet NZ. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Amanda Oakley (2011). "Labial adhesion in prepubertal girls". Hamilton, New Zealand: DermNet NZ. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"Vulva | Define Vulva at Dictionary.com". Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hennekam, RC; Allanson, JE; Biesecker, LG; Carey, JC; Opitz, JM; Vilain, E (June 2013). "Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 161A (6): 1238–63. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.35934. PMC 4440541. PMID 23650202.
O'Connell, HE; Sanjeevan, KV; Hutson, JM (October 2005). "Anatomy of the clitoris". The Journal of Urology. 174 (4 Pt 1): 1189–95. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd. PMID 16145367. S2CID 26109805.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; May, Taymaa; Vicus, Danielle; Gien, Lilian T.; Laframboise, Stéphane (April 2020). "Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 21 (2): 285–295. doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x. ISSN 1179-1888. PMC 7125071. PMID 31784896.
Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; Laframboise, Stéphane (24 November 2020). "Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 25 (2): 146–151. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. ISSN 1526-0976. PMC 7984764. PMID 33252450.
Dudley, Lynn M; Kettle, Christine; Ismail, Khaled MK; Dudley, Lynn M (2013). "Secondary suturing compared to non-suturing for broken down perineal wounds following childbirth" (PDF). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (9) CD008977. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008977.pub2. PMC 11994255. PMID 24065561. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
Basevi, Vittorio; Lavender, Tina; Basevi, Vittorio (2014). "Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour". Reviews. 2014 (11) CD001236. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2. PMC 7076285. PMID 25398160.
Liao, Lih Mei; Sarah M Creighton (24 May 2007). "Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: how should healthcare providers respond?". BMJ. 334 (7603): 1090–1092. doi:10.1136/bmj.39206.422269.BE. PMC 1877941. PMID 17525451.
Audet, CM; Blevins, M; Cherry, CB; González-Calvo, L; Green, AF; Moon, TD (May 2017). "Understanding intra-vaginal and labia minora elongation practices among women heads-of-households in Zambézia Province, Mozambique". Culture, Health & Sexuality. 19 (5): 616–629. doi:10.1080/13691058.2016.1257739. PMC 5460297. PMID 27921861.
Klein, Elliot; Helzner, Elizabeth; Shayowitz, Michelle; Kohlhoff, Stephan; Smith-Norowitz, Tamar A. (10 July 2018). "Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications—A Short Literature Review". Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2018 7365715. doi:10.1155/2018/7365715. ISSN 1687-9589. PMC 6079349. PMID 30116269.
Kimani, S.; Esho, T.; Kimani, V.; Muniu, S.; Kamau, J.; Kigondu, C.; Karanja, J.; Guyo, J. (2018). "Figure 3 | Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Innovative Training Approach for Nurse-Midwives in High Prevalent Settings". Obstetrics and Gynecology International. doi:10.1155/2018/5043512. PMC 5875060. PMID 29736171. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
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For slang terms for the vulva, see WikiSaurus:female genitalia — the WikiSaurus list of synonyms and slang words for female genitalia in many languages.

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Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; May, Taymaa; Vicus, Danielle; Gien, Lilian T.; Laframboise, Stéphane (April 2020). "Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 21 (2): 285–295. doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x. ISSN 1179-1888. PMC 7125071. PMID 31784896.
Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; Laframboise, Stéphane (24 November 2020). "Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 25 (2): 146–151. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. ISSN 1526-0976. PMC 7984764. PMID 33252450.
Barret, Maximilien; de Parades, Vincent; Battistella, Maxime; Sokol, Harry; Lemarchand, Nicolas; Marteau, Philippe (2014). "Crohn's disease of the vulva". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. 8 (7): 563–570. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.10.009. ISSN 1873-9946. PMID 24252167.
Lefebvre, A.; Saliou, P.; Lucet, J.C.; Mimoz, O.; Keita-Perse, O.; Grandbastien, B.; Bruyère, F.; Boisrenoult, P.; Lepelletier, D.; Aho-Glélé, L.S. (2015). "Preoperative hair removal and surgical site infections: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Journal of Hospital Infection. 91 (2): 100–108. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2015.06.020. ISSN 0195-6701. PMID 26320612.
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Vieira-Baptista, Pedro; Almeida, Gutemberg; Bogliatto, Fabrizio; Bohl, Tanja Gizela; Burger, Matthé; Cohen-Sacher, Bina; Gibbon, Karen; Goldstein, Andrew; Heller, Debra (July 2018). "International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Recommendations Regarding Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 22 (4): 415–434. doi:10.1097/lgt.0000000000000412. ISSN 1526-0976. PMID 29994815. S2CID 51613481.
Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (4 June 2015). "Female genital mutilation practised in Iran, study reveals". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
Klein, Elliot; Helzner, Elizabeth; Shayowitz, Michelle; Kohlhoff, Stephan; Smith-Norowitz, Tamar A. (10 July 2018). "Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications—A Short Literature Review". Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2018 7365715. doi:10.1155/2018/7365715. ISSN 1687-9589. PMC 6079349. PMID 30116269.
El-Hamamsy, Dina; Parmar, Chanel; Shoop-Worrall, Stephanie; Reid, Fiona M. (31 March 2021). "Public understanding of female genital anatomy and pelvic organ prolapse (POP); a questionnaire-based pilot study". International Urogynecology Journal. 33 (2): 309–318. doi:10.1007/s00192-021-04727-9. ISSN 1433-3023. PMC 8803818. PMID 33787954. S2CID 232423955.
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Vulva (English Wikipedia)

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