Wheel (English Wikipedia)

"American Heritage Dictionary Entry: wheel". Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2012.

ambergriscaye.com

Smith, Herman. "Real smart folks, but no wheel". Dig It. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

aramcoworld.com

Chandler, Graham (August 2017). "Why Reinvent the Wheel?". AramcoWorld. 68 (4): 28–33. ISSN 1530-5821.

archive.org

V. Gordon Childe (1928). New Light on the Most Ancient East. p. 110.
Bulliet, Richard W. (2016). The Wheel: Inventions And Reinventions. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 6, 51–70. ISBN 978-0-231-54061-2.
Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-393-31755-8. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-21592-3. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

archive.today

"When was the wheel invented?". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
"The Invention of the Wheel". www.thoughtco.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
Chasin Calvo, Sherri. "The Technology of the Incas and Aztecs". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021. There were no wheeled carts, or even wheelbarrows. Although wheeled toys and decorations have been found at Mesoamerican sites, the wheel was never put to practical use.
Smith, Herman. "Real smart folks, but no wheel". Dig It. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

bbc.co.uk

"Bronze Age wheel at 'British Pompeii' Must Farm an 'unprecedented find'". BBC. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2016.

bookrags.com

bookrags.com Archived 27 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine – Wheel and axle

books.google.com

Transportation. BPI. p. 4. ISBN 9788184972436. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
Schier, Wolfram (2015). "Chapter 5: Central and Eastern Europe". In Fowler, Chris; Harding, Jan; Hofmann, Daniela (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe. OUP Oxford. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-954584-1.
Weil, David (3 June 2016). Economic Growth - David Weil - Google Books. Routledge. ISBN 9781315510446. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
Bulliet, Richard W. (19 January 2016). The Wheel Inventions and Reinventions By Richard W. Bulliet page 98 (a BA and a PhD from Harvard university). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231540612. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
Man and Wound in the Ancient World A History of Military Medicine from Sumer to the Fall of Constantinople By Richard A. Gabriel 65 page
Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999) [1994]. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-57506-042-2. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Haarmann, Harald (2020). Advancement in Ancient Civilizations: Life, Culture, Science and Thought. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-4766-4075-4.
Standage, Tom (2021). A Brief History of Motion: From the Wheel, to the Car, to What Comes Next. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 2–5. ISBN 978-1-63557-361-9. OCLC 1184237267.
Schier, Wolfram (2015). "Chapter 5: Central and Eastern Europe". In Fowler, Chris; Harding, Jan; Hofmann, Daniela (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe. OUP Oxford. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-954584-1.
Attema, P. A. J.; Los-Weijns, Ma; Pers, N. D. Maring-Van der (December 2006). "Bronocice, Flintbek, Uruk, Jebel Aruda and Arslantepe: The Earliest Evidence of Wheeled Vehicles in Europe and the Near East". Palaeohistoria. 47/48. University of Groningen: 10–28 (11). ISBN 9789077922187. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
Fowler, Chris; Harding, Jan and Hofmann, Daniela (eds.) (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe. Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine OUP Oxford. ISBN 0-19-166688-2. p. 109.
Attema, P. A. J.; Los-Weijns, Ma; Maring-Van der Pers, N. D. (December 2006). "Bronocice, Flintbek, Uruk, Jebel Aruda and Arslantepe: The Earliest Evidence of Wheeled Vehicles in Europe and the Near East". Palaeohistoria. 47/48. University of Groningen: 10-28 (19-20). ISBN 9789077922187. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
Ryder, Thomas (1986). The Carriage Journal: Vol 23 No 4 Spring 1986. Carriage Assoc. of America. p. 209. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
Jewel, Elizabeth (2006). The Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus. Oxford University Press. p. 722. ISBN 978-0-19-530715-3. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
John Newman (1991). "Blurb/description". In Geshe Lhundub Sopa (ed.). The Wheel of Time: Kalachakra in Context. Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-55939-779-7. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
Hall, Adelaide S. (2005). A Glossary of Important Symbols in Their Hebrew: Pagan and Christian Forms. Cosimo. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-59605-593-3. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

cambridge.org

Rawson, Jessica (2017). "China and the steppe: reception and resistance". Antiquity. 91 (356): 375–388. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.276. ISSN 0003-598X.
Linduff, Katheryn M.; Sun, Yan; Cao, Wei; Liu, Yuanqing (2017). Ancient China and its Eurasian Neighbors: Artifacts, Identity and Death in the Frontier, 3000–700 BCE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 54. doi:10.1017/9781108290555. ISBN 978-1-108-41861-4.

canadiangeographic.ca

Singer, Ben (May 2005). A brief history of the horse in America. Canadian Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014.

cssn.cn

kaogu.cssn.cn

"Central China discovers earliest wheel ruts". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.

discovermagazine.com

"What the Nubians Ate". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.

doi.org

Roux, Valentine; de Miroschedji, Pierre (2009). "Revisiting the History of the Potter's Wheel in the Southern Levant". Levant. 41 (2): 155–173. doi:10.1179/007589109X12484491671095. ISSN 0075-8914.
Rawson, Jessica (2017). "China and the steppe: reception and resistance". Antiquity. 91 (356): 375–388. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.276. ISSN 0003-598X.
Linduff, Katheryn M.; Sun, Yan; Cao, Wei; Liu, Yuanqing (2017). Ancient China and its Eurasian Neighbors: Artifacts, Identity and Death in the Frontier, 3000–700 BCE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 54. doi:10.1017/9781108290555. ISBN 978-1-108-41861-4.
Ekholm, Gordon F. (April 1946). "Wheeled Toys in Mexico". American Antiquity. 11 (4): 222–28. doi:10.2307/275722. JSTOR 275722. S2CID 163472346.
Law, Robin C. (1980). "Wheeled Transportation in Pre-Colonial West Africa". Africa. 50 (3): 249–62. doi:10.2307/1159117. JSTOR 1159117. S2CID 148903113.

encyclopedia.com

Chasin Calvo, Sherri. "The Technology of the Incas and Aztecs". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021. There were no wheeled carts, or even wheelbarrows. Although wheeled toys and decorations have been found at Mesoamerican sites, the wheel was never put to practical use.

etymonline.com

"wheel". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2007.

harvard.edu

scholar.harvard.edu

Chaves, Isaías; Engerman, Stanley L.; Robinson, James A. (2012). Reinventing the Wheel: The Economic Benefits of Wheeled Transportation in Early Colonial British West Africa (PDF). Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014. One of the great technological puzzles of Sub-Saharan African economic history is that wheeled transportation was barely used prior to the colonial period. Instead, head porterage was the main method of transportation.

jalopnik.com

"Here Is What Those Strips Hanging Off Of Truck Wheels Are For". Jalopnik. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.

jstor.org

Ekholm, Gordon F. (April 1946). "Wheeled Toys in Mexico". American Antiquity. 11 (4): 222–28. doi:10.2307/275722. JSTOR 275722. S2CID 163472346.
Law, Robin C. (1980). "Wheeled Transportation in Pre-Colonial West Africa". Africa. 50 (3): 249–62. doi:10.2307/1159117. JSTOR 1159117. S2CID 148903113.

koorihistory.com

koorihistory.com (1 December 2019). ""Aboriginal people never even invented the wheel."". Koori History - Aboriginal History of South Eastern Australia. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.

newscientist.com

"When was the wheel invented?". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

"Crafts – Uncovering Treasures of Ancient Nubia". NYTimes.com. 27 February 1994. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ekholm, Gordon F. (April 1946). "Wheeled Toys in Mexico". American Antiquity. 11 (4): 222–28. doi:10.2307/275722. JSTOR 275722. S2CID 163472346.
Law, Robin C. (1980). "Wheeled Transportation in Pre-Colonial West Africa". Africa. 50 (3): 249–62. doi:10.2307/1159117. JSTOR 1159117. S2CID 148903113.

sino-platonic.org

Ramsden, Shaun (2021). "Indo-Europeans in the Ancient Yellow River Valley" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers (311): 21–23. eISSN 2157-9687. ISSN 2157-9679.

tandfonline.com

Roux, Valentine; de Miroschedji, Pierre (2009). "Revisiting the History of the Potter's Wheel in the Southern Levant". Levant. 41 (2): 155–173. doi:10.1179/007589109X12484491671095. ISSN 0075-8914.

techzle.com

"Ancient wheel tracks in Northern Germany". 15 April 2022. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.

tesla.com

shop.tesla.com

"Another example of "tire totes"". Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.

theguardian.com

Williams, Liz (29 July 2013). "Paganism, part 3: the Wheel of the Year". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

thoughtco.com

"The Invention of the Wheel". www.thoughtco.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

tirerack.com

tires.tirerack.com

"Examples of "tire totes"". Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.

web.archive.org

"wheel". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2007.
"American Heritage Dictionary Entry: wheel". Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
Transportation. BPI. p. 4. ISBN 9788184972436. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
Weil, David (3 June 2016). Economic Growth - David Weil - Google Books. Routledge. ISBN 9781315510446. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
Bulliet, Richard W. (19 January 2016). The Wheel Inventions and Reinventions By Richard W. Bulliet page 98 (a BA and a PhD from Harvard university). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231540612. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999) [1994]. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-57506-042-2. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
"Ancient wheel tracks in Northern Germany". 15 April 2022. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
"Wheel I Never: Europes Oldest Stone Age Cart Tracks Found". 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
Attema, P. A. J.; Los-Weijns, Ma; Pers, N. D. Maring-Van der (December 2006). "Bronocice, Flintbek, Uruk, Jebel Aruda and Arslantepe: The Earliest Evidence of Wheeled Vehicles in Europe and the Near East". Palaeohistoria. 47/48. University of Groningen: 10–28 (11). ISBN 9789077922187. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
Fowler, Chris; Harding, Jan and Hofmann, Daniela (eds.) (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe. Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine OUP Oxford. ISBN 0-19-166688-2. p. 109.
Attema, P. A. J.; Los-Weijns, Ma; Maring-Van der Pers, N. D. (December 2006). "Bronocice, Flintbek, Uruk, Jebel Aruda and Arslantepe: The Earliest Evidence of Wheeled Vehicles in Europe and the Near East". Palaeohistoria. 47/48. University of Groningen: 10-28 (19-20). ISBN 9789077922187. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
"Central China discovers earliest wheel ruts". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
"Bronze Age wheel at 'British Pompeii' Must Farm an 'unprecedented find'". BBC. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-393-31755-8. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
Singer, Ben (May 2005). A brief history of the horse in America. Canadian Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014.
Ryder, Thomas (1986). The Carriage Journal: Vol 23 No 4 Spring 1986. Carriage Assoc. of America. p. 209. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
koorihistory.com (1 December 2019). ""Aboriginal people never even invented the wheel."". Koori History - Aboriginal History of South Eastern Australia. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
"Crafts – Uncovering Treasures of Ancient Nubia". NYTimes.com. 27 February 1994. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
"What the Nubians Ate". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-21592-3. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
Chaves, Isaías; Engerman, Stanley L.; Robinson, James A. (2012). Reinventing the Wheel: The Economic Benefits of Wheeled Transportation in Early Colonial British West Africa (PDF). Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014. One of the great technological puzzles of Sub-Saharan African economic history is that wheeled transportation was barely used prior to the colonial period. Instead, head porterage was the main method of transportation.
bookrags.com Archived 27 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine – Wheel and axle
Jewel, Elizabeth (2006). The Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus. Oxford University Press. p. 722. ISBN 978-0-19-530715-3. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
"Examples of snow chains". Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
"Examples of "tire totes"". Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
"Another example of "tire totes"". Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
"Here Is What Those Strips Hanging Off Of Truck Wheels Are For". Jalopnik. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
John Newman (1991). "Blurb/description". In Geshe Lhundub Sopa (ed.). The Wheel of Time: Kalachakra in Context. Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-55939-779-7. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
Hall, Adelaide S. (2005). A Glossary of Important Symbols in Their Hebrew: Pagan and Christian Forms. Cosimo. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-59605-593-3. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
Williams, Liz (29 July 2013). "Paganism, part 3: the Wheel of the Year". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Roux, Valentine; de Miroschedji, Pierre (2009). "Revisiting the History of the Potter's Wheel in the Southern Levant". Levant. 41 (2): 155–173. doi:10.1179/007589109X12484491671095. ISSN 0075-8914.
Chandler, Graham (August 2017). "Why Reinvent the Wheel?". AramcoWorld. 68 (4): 28–33. ISSN 1530-5821.
Standage, Tom (2021). A Brief History of Motion: From the Wheel, to the Car, to What Comes Next. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 2–5. ISBN 978-1-63557-361-9. OCLC 1184237267.
Ramsden, Shaun (2021). "Indo-Europeans in the Ancient Yellow River Valley" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers (311): 21–23. eISSN 2157-9687. ISSN 2157-9679.
Rawson, Jessica (2017). "China and the steppe: reception and resistance". Antiquity. 91 (356): 375–388. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.276. ISSN 0003-598X.

yahoo.com

search.yahoo.com

"Examples of snow chains". Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.

zenger.news

"Wheel I Never: Europes Oldest Stone Age Cart Tracks Found". 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.