X-ray (English Wikipedia)

Peters P (1995). "W. C. Roentgen and the discovery of x-rays". Textbook of Radiology. Medcyclopedia.com, GE Healthcare. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2008.

arxiv.org

Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute (January 2014). "Angular distribution of Bremsstrahlung photons and of positrons for calculations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and positron beams". Atmospheric Research. 135–136: 432–465. arXiv:1202.4879. Bibcode:2014AtmRe.135..432K. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.03.012.

berkeley.edu

ast.coe.berkeley.edu

Attwood, David (1999). Soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Cambridge University. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-521-65214-8. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Attwood, David (1999). "3". Soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65214-8. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.

birmingham.gov.uk

"Major John Hall-Edwards". Birmingham City Council. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
"Major John Hall-Edwards". Birmingham City Council. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
Birmingham City Council: Major John Hall-Edwards Archived 28 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine

boneandjoint.org.uk

bjjprocs.boneandjoint.org.uk

Van Haver A, Kolk S, DeBoodt S, Valkering K, Verdonk P (2018). "Accuracy of total knee implant position assessment based on postoperative X-rays, registered to pre-operative CT-based 3D models". Orthopaedic Proceedings. 99-B (Supp 4).^{[permanent dead link]}

books.google.com

Dental Assistants' Association of Australia (2005). The Manual of Dental Assisting. Elsevier Australia. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-7295-3737-7.
Illustrated Electrical Review: A Journal of Scientific and Electrical Progress. Electrical Review Publishing Company. 1894.
Glasser O (1993). Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the early history of the roentgen rays. Norman Publishing. pp. 10–15. ISBN 978-0930405229.
Ce4Rt (March 2014). Understanding Ionizing Radiation and Protection. p. 174.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Glasser O (1934). Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays. Norman Publishing. p. 294. ISBN 978-0930405229. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Denny PP, Heaton B (1999). Physics for Diagnostic Radiology. US: CRC Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7503-0591-4.
L'Annunziata M, Abrade M (2003). Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis. Academic Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-12-436603-9.
Whaites E, Cawson R (2002). Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 15–20. ISBN 978-0-443-07027-3.
Bushburg J, Seibert A, Leidholdt E, Boone J (2002). The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-683-30118-2.
Emilio B, Ballerna A (1994). "Preface". Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Radiation: Proceedings of the 128th Course at the International School of Physics -Enrico Fermi- 12–22 July 1994, Varenna, Italy. IOS Press. p. xv. ISBN 90-5199-248-3.
US National Research Council (2006). Health Risks from Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, BEIR 7 phase 2. National Academies Press. pp. 5, fig.PS–2. ISBN 978-0-309-09156-5., data credited to NCRP (US National Committee on Radiation Protection) 1987
Kasai N, Kakudo, M (2005). X-ray diffraction by macromolecules. Tokyo: Kodansha. pp. 291–2. ISBN 978-3-540-25317-4.
Bickmore, Helen (2003). Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 978-1401815554.

borderreport.com

Sanchez, Sandra (17 January 2023). "From the ground up, X-rays scan vehicles for contraband at border checkpoints". Border Report. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

britannica.com

"X-ray microscope | High-Resolution, Non-Destructive, Imaging | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
"X-ray astronomy | X-ray Sources, Celestial Objects & Galaxies | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 8 March 2025.

cancer.gov

seer.cancer.gov

"National Cancer Institute: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data". Seer.cancer.gov. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2011.

carleton.edu

serc.carleton.edu

Mogk, David (13 August 2021). "X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS; aka Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis, ESCA)". Montana Nanotechnology Facility. Montana State University. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

ccohs.ca

Government of Canada, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (9 May 2019). "Radiation – Quantities and Units of Ionizing Radiation: OSH Answers". CCOHS.ca. Retrieved 9 May 2019.

chsopensource.org

"Radiography for Art". Cultural Heritage Science Open Source. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2025.

cwi.nl

ir.cwi.nl

Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute (27 February 2015). "Calculation of beams of positrons, neutrons, and protons associated with terrestrial gamma ray flashes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (4): 1620–1635. Bibcode:2015JGRD..120.1620K. doi:10.1002/2014JD022229.

dentalgentlecare.com

X-Ray Safety Archived 4 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Dentalgentlecare.com (6 February 2008). Retrieved on 2011-05-05.

doctorspiller.com

X-Rays Archived 15 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Doctorspiller.com (9 May 2007). Retrieved on 2011-05-05.

doe.gov

oakridge.doe.gov

D.O.E. – About Radiation Archived 27 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

Filler A (2009). "The History, Development and Impact of Computed Imaging in Neurological Diagnosis and Neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI". Nature Precedings. doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3267.4.
Morgan W (24 February 1785). "Electrical Experiments Made in Order to Ascertain the Non-Conducting Power of a Perfect Vacuum, &c". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 75. Royal Society of London: 272–278. doi:10.1098/rstl.1785.0014.
Anderson JG (January 1945). "William Morgan and X-rays". Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries. 17: 219–221. doi:10.1017/s0071368600003001.
Walden, T L (December 1991). "The first radiation accident in America: a centennial account of the x-ray photograph made in 1890". Radiology. 181 (3): 635–639. doi:10.1148/radiology.181.3.1947073. PMID 1947073.
Hrabak M, Padovan RS, Kralik M, Ozretic D, Potocki K (July 2008). "Scenes from the past: Nikola Tesla and the discovery of X-rays". Radiographics. 28 (4): 1189–1192. doi:10.1148/rg.284075206. PMID 18635636.
Stanton A (23 January 1896). "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen On a New Kind of Rays: translation of a paper read before the Würzburg Physical and Medical Society, 1895". Nature. 53 (1369): 274–6. Bibcode:1896Natur..53R.274.. doi:10.1038/053274b0. see also pp. 268 and 276 of the same issue.
Garcia, J.; Buchwald, N. A.; Feder, B. H.; Koelling, R. A.; Tedrow, L. (1964). "Sensitivity of the head to X-ray". Science. 144 (3625): 1470–1472. Bibcode:1964Sci...144.1470G. doi:10.1126/science.144.3625.1470. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14171545. Rats have been trained to respond to signals consisting of very low doses of chi-ray directed to the head.
Takahashi, K.; Case, B. W.; Dufresne, A.; Fraser, R.; Higashi, T.; Siemiatycki, J. (1994). "Relation between lung asbestos fibre burden and exposure indices based on job history". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 51 (7): 461–469. doi:10.1136/oem.51.7.461. PMC 1128015. PMID 8044245.
Natale, Simone (November 2011). "THE INVISIBLE MADE VISIBLE: X-rays as attraction and visual medium at the end of the nineteenth century". Media History. 17 (4): 345–358. doi:10.1080/13688804.2011.602856. hdl:2134/19408.
Natale S (4 August 2011). "A Cosmology of Invisible Fluids: Wireless, X-Rays, and Psychical Research Around 1900". Canadian Journal of Communication. 36 (2): 263–276. doi:10.22230/cjc.2011v36n2a2368. hdl:2318/1770480.
Grove AW (1997). "Röntgen's ghosts: photography, X-rays, and the Victorian imagination". Literature and Medicine. 16 (2): 141–173. doi:10.1353/lm.1997.0016. PMID 9368224.
Feldman A (November 1989). "A sketch of the technical history of radiology from 1896 to 1920". Radiographics. 9 (6): 1113–1128. doi:10.1148/radiographics.9.6.2685937. PMID 2685937.
"Sciagraphs of British Batrachians and Reptiles1". Nature. 55 (1432): 539–540. 1 April 1897. Bibcode:1897Natur..55..539.. doi:10.1038/055539a0.
Mayba, Ihor I.; Gaiua, Roman; Kyle, Robert A.; Shampo, Marc A. (July 1997). "Ukrainian Physicist Contributes to the Discovery of X-Rays". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 72 (7): 658. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)63573-8. PMID 9212769.
Spiegel PK (January 1995). "The first clinical X-ray made in America—100 years". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 164 (1): 241–243. doi:10.2214/ajr.164.1.7998549. PMID 7998549.
Daniel J (April 1896). "THE X-RAYS". Science. 3 (67): 562–563. Bibcode:1896Sci.....3..562D. doi:10.1126/science.3.67.562. PMID 17779817.
Sansare K, Khanna V, Karjodkar F (February 2011). "Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception". Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology. 40 (2): 123–125. doi:10.1259/dmfr/73488299. PMC 3520298. PMID 21239576.
Stoddart, Charlotte (March 2022). "Structural biology: How proteins got their close-up". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022822-1.
Soltis, Tomas; Folan, Lorcan M.; Eltareb, Waleed (May 2017). "One hundred years of Moseley's law: An undergraduate experiment with relativistic effects". American Journal of Physics. 85 (5): 352–358. Bibcode:2017AmJPh..85..352S. doi:10.1119/1.4977793.
Fitzgerald R (2000). "Phase-sensitive x-ray imaging". Physics Today. 53 (7): 23–26. Bibcode:2000PhT....53g..23F. doi:10.1063/1.1292471.
David C, Nöhammer B, Solak H, Ziegler (2002). "Differential x-ray phase contrast imaging using a shearing interferometer". Applied Physics Letters. 81 (17): 3287–3289. Bibcode:2002ApPhL..81.3287D. doi:10.1063/1.1516611.
Wilkins SW, Gureyev TE, Gao D, Pogany A, Stevenson AW (1996). "Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays". Nature. 384 (6607): 335–338. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..335W. doi:10.1038/384335a0.
Davis TJ, Gao D, Gureyev TE, Stevenson AW, Wilkins SW (1995). "Phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials using hard X-rays". Nature. 373 (6515): 595–598. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..595D. doi:10.1038/373595a0.
Momose A, Takeda T, Itai Y, Hirano K (April 1996). "Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography for observing biological soft tissues". Nature Medicine. 2 (4): 473–475. doi:10.1038/nm0496-473. PMID 8597962.
Paul, Sudip; Saikia, Angana; Majhi, Vinayak; Pandey, Vinay Kumar (2022). "Radiological devices". Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation and Its Applications. pp. 169–211. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821674-3.00004-8. ISBN 978-0-12-821674-3.
Lin, Eugene C. (2010). "Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (12): 1142–1146. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0260. PMC 2996147. PMID 21123642.
Kissel, Lynn (August 2000). "RTAB: the Rayleigh scattering database". Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 59 (2): 185–200. Bibcode:2000RaPC...59..185K. doi:10.1016/S0969-806X(00)00290-5.
Camara, Carlos G.; Escobar, Juan V.; Hird, Jonathan R.; Putterman, Seth J. (October 2008). "Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick–slip friction in peeling tape". Nature. 455 (7216): 1089–1092. Bibcode:2008Natur.455.1089C. doi:10.1038/nature07378.
Paul H, Muhr J (1986). "Review of experimental cross sections for K-shell ionization by light ions". Physics Reports. 135 (2): 47–97. Bibcode:1986PhR...135...47P. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(86)90149-3.
Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute (January 2014). "Angular distribution of Bremsstrahlung photons and of positrons for calculations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and positron beams". Atmospheric Research. 135–136: 432–465. arXiv:1202.4879. Bibcode:2014AtmRe.135..432K. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.03.012.
Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute (27 February 2015). "Calculation of beams of positrons, neutrons, and protons associated with terrestrial gamma ray flashes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (4): 1620–1635. Bibcode:2015JGRD..120.1620K. doi:10.1002/2014JD022229.
Kochkin, Pavlo; Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute; van Deursen, Lex (August 2016). "Analyzing x-ray emissions from meter-scale negative discharges in ambient air" (PDF). Plasma Sources Science and Technology. 25 (4): 044002. Bibcode:2016PSST...25d4002K. doi:10.1088/0963-0252/25/4/044002.
Cooray V, Arevalo L, Rahman M, Dwyer J, Rassoul H (2009). "On the possible origin of X-rays in long laboratory sparks". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 71 (17–18): 1890–1898. Bibcode:2009JASTP..71.1890C. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.010.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (March 2017). "Electron acceleration during streamer collisions in air". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (5): 2604–2613. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.2604K. doi:10.1002/2016GL072216. PMC 5405581. PMID 28503005.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Babich LP, Neubert T (2018). "Streamer properties and associated x-rays in perturbed air". Plasma Sources Science and Technology. 27 (1): 015017. Bibcode:2018PSST...27a5017K. doi:10.1088/1361-6595/aaa5d8.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (May 2018). "High-Energy Emissions Induced by Air Density Fluctuations of Discharges". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (10): 5194–5203. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.5194K. doi:10.1029/2018GL077788. PMC 6049893. PMID 30034044.
Förster A, Brandstetter S, Schulze-Briese C (June 2019). "Transforming X-ray detection with hybrid photon counting detectors". Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 377 (2147): 20180241. Bibcode:2019RSPTA.37780241F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0241. PMC 6501887. PMID 31030653.
Thomas, Adrian M.K. (August 2007). "The first 50 years of military radiology 1895–1945". European Journal of Radiology. 63 (2): 214–219. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.05.024. PMID 17629432.
Roobottom CA, Mitchell G, Morgan-Hughes G (November 2010). "Radiation-reduction strategies in cardiac computed tomographic angiography". Clinical Radiology. 65 (11): 859–867. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2010.04.021. PMID 20933639. Of the 5 billion imaging investigations performed worldwide...
Rhinehart, D. A. (December 1931). "Air and Gas in the Soft Tissues: A Radiologic Study". Radiology. 17 (6): 1158–1170. doi:10.1148/17.6.1158.
Davros, William J. (April 2007). "Fluoroscopy: basic science, optimal use, and patient/operator protection". Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management. 11 (2): 44–54. doi:10.1053/j.trap.2007.02.005.
Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry in Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C (March 2014). "Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 59 (6): R183 – R231. Bibcode:2014PMB....59R.183H. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/r183. PMID 24584183.
Thwaites DI, Tuohy JB (July 2006). "Back to the future: the history and development of the clinical linear accelerator". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 51 (13): R343 – R362. Bibcode:2006PMB....51R.343T. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R20. PMID 16790912.
Hall EJ, Brenner DJ (May 2008). "Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology". The British Journal of Radiology. 81 (965): 362–378. doi:10.1259/bjr/01948454. PMID 18440940.
Brenner DJ (2010). "Should we be concerned about the rapid increase in CT usage?". Reviews on Environmental Health. 25 (1): 63–68. Bibcode:2010RvEH...25.1.63B. doi:10.1515/REVEH.2010.25.1.63. PMID 20429161.
De Santis M, Cesari E, Nobili E, Straface G, Cavaliere AF, Caruso A (September 2007). "Radiation effects on development". Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today. 81 (3): 177–182. doi:10.1002/bdrc.20099. PMID 17963274.
Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (November 2007). "Computed tomography—an increasing source of radiation exposure". The New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (22): 2277–2284. doi:10.1056/NEJMra072149. PMID 18046031.
Upton AC (July 2003). "The state of the art in the 1990's: NCRP Report No. 136 on the scientific bases for linearity in the dose-response relationship for ionizing radiation". Health Physics. 85 (1): 15–22. Bibcode:2003HeaPh..85...15U. doi:10.1097/00004032-200307000-00005. PMID 12852466.
Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA (February 2003). "Toxicology rethinks its central belief". Nature. 421 (6924): 691–692. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..691C. doi:10.1038/421691a. PMID 12610596.
Oakley PA, Ehsani NN, Harrison DE (1 April 2019). "The Scoliosis Quandary: Are Radiation Exposures From Repeated X-Rays Harmful?". Dose-Response. 17 (2): 1559325819852810. doi:10.1177/1559325819852810. PMC 6560808. PMID 31217755.
Berrington de González A, Darby S (January 2004). "Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays: estimates for the UK and 14 other countries". Lancet. 363 (9406): 345–351. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15433-0. PMID 15070562.
Caon M, Bibbo G, Pattison J (2000). "Monte Carlo calculated effective dose to teenage girls from computed tomography examinations". Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 90 (4): 445–448. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033172.
Gregory KJ, Bibbo G, Pattison JE (August 2008). "On the Uncertainties in Effective Dose Estimates of Adult CT Head Scans". Medical Physics. 35 (8): 3501–3510. Bibcode:2008MedPh..35.3501G. doi:10.1118/1.2952359. PMID 18777910.
Giles D, Hewitt D, Stewart A, Webb J (September 1956). "Malignant disease in childhood and diagnostic irradiation in utero". Lancet. 271 (6940): 447. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(56)91923-7. PMID 13358242.
Ratnapalan S, Bentur Y, Koren G (December 2008). ""Doctor, will that x-ray harm my unborn child?"". CMAJ. 179 (12): 1293–1296. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080247. PMC 2585137. PMID 19047611.
Donnelly LF (February 2005). "Reducing radiation dose associated with pediatric CT by decreasing unnecessary examinations". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 184 (2): 655–657. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.2.01840655. PMID 15671393.
Chalkley M, Listl S (March 2018). "First do no harm – The impact of financial incentives on dental X-rays". Journal of Health Economics. 58 (March 2018): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.005. hdl:2066/190628. PMID 29408150.
Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Verbeeck J, et al. (February 2011). "Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 1. Artificially aged model samples". Analytical Chemistry. 83 (4): 1214–1223. Bibcode:2011AnaCh..83.1214M. doi:10.1021/ac102424h. PMID 21314201.
Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Dik J, et al. (February 2011). "Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 2. Original paint layer samples". Analytical Chemistry. 83 (4): 1224–1231. doi:10.1021/ac1025122. PMID 21314202.
Ahi, Kiarash; Anwar, Mehdi (2016). "Advanced terahertz techniques for quality control and counterfeit detection". In Anwar, Mehdi F.; Crowe, Thomas W.; Manzur, Tariq (eds.). Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems X: Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense. Vol. 9856. pp. 98560G. doi:10.1117/12.2228684.
Tendler, Irwin I.; Hartford, Alan; Jermyn, Michael; LaRochelle, Ethan; Cao, Xu; Borza, Victor; Alexander, Daniel; Bruza, Petr; Hoopes, Jack; Moodie, Karen; Marr, Brian P.; Williams, Benjamin B.; Pogue, Brian W.; Gladstone, David J.; Jarvis, Lesley A. (February 2020). "Experimentally Observed Cherenkov Light Generation in the Eye During Radiation Therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 106 (2): 422–429. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.10.031. PMC 7161418. PMID 31669563.
Charman, W. N.; Dennis, J. A.; Fazio, G. G.; Jelley, J. V. (April 1971). "Visual Sensations produced by Single Fast Particles". Nature. 230 (5295): 522–524. Bibcode:1971Natur.230..522C. doi:10.1038/230522a0. PMID 4927751.
Als-Nielsen, Jens; McMorrow, Des (2011). Elements of Modern X-ray Physics. pp. 40–41. doi:10.1002/9781119998365. ISBN 978-0-470-97395-0.

emedicinelive.com

"Pregnant Women and Radiation Exposure". eMedicine Live online medical consultation. Medscape. 28 December 2008. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2009.^{[unreliable source?]}

engadget.com

Dent S (12 February 2015). "Scientists achieve X-ray vision with safe, visible light". Engadget. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

engole.info

"JOHN HALL-EDWARDS". Engole the Elven for Knowledge. 15 June 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2023.

epa.gov

"Radiation and Airport Security Scanning". EPA. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com

"X-ray imaging enables automated parenteral product particulate inspection". European Pharmaceutical Review. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

excillum.com

Aksnes, Ingrid (8 November 2020). "History of X-rays - 125 years in the making (pt 1)". Excillum. Retrieved 17 February 2025.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Thomson, Joseph John (1900). "Leonard's Experiments". The Discharge of Electricity Through Gases. C. Scribner's Sons. pp. 182–186. hdl:2027/uiug.30112112077497.
Natale, Simone (November 2011). "THE INVISIBLE MADE VISIBLE: X-rays as attraction and visual medium at the end of the nineteenth century". Media History. 17 (4): 345–358. doi:10.1080/13688804.2011.602856. hdl:2134/19408.
Natale S (4 August 2011). "A Cosmology of Invisible Fluids: Wireless, X-Rays, and Psychical Research Around 1900". Canadian Journal of Communication. 36 (2): 263–276. doi:10.22230/cjc.2011v36n2a2368. hdl:2318/1770480.
Chalkley M, Listl S (March 2018). "First do no harm – The impact of financial incentives on dental X-rays". Journal of Health Economics. 58 (March 2018): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.005. hdl:2066/190628. PMID 29408150.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Stanton A (23 January 1896). "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen On a New Kind of Rays: translation of a paper read before the Würzburg Physical and Medical Society, 1895". Nature. 53 (1369): 274–6. Bibcode:1896Natur..53R.274.. doi:10.1038/053274b0. see also pp. 268 and 276 of the same issue.
Garcia, J.; Buchwald, N. A.; Feder, B. H.; Koelling, R. A.; Tedrow, L. (1964). "Sensitivity of the head to X-ray". Science. 144 (3625): 1470–1472. Bibcode:1964Sci...144.1470G. doi:10.1126/science.144.3625.1470. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14171545. Rats have been trained to respond to signals consisting of very low doses of chi-ray directed to the head.
"Sciagraphs of British Batrachians and Reptiles1". Nature. 55 (1432): 539–540. 1 April 1897. Bibcode:1897Natur..55..539.. doi:10.1038/055539a0.
Daniel J (April 1896). "THE X-RAYS". Science. 3 (67): 562–563. Bibcode:1896Sci.....3..562D. doi:10.1126/science.3.67.562. PMID 17779817.
Soltis, Tomas; Folan, Lorcan M.; Eltareb, Waleed (May 2017). "One hundred years of Moseley's law: An undergraduate experiment with relativistic effects". American Journal of Physics. 85 (5): 352–358. Bibcode:2017AmJPh..85..352S. doi:10.1119/1.4977793.
Fitzgerald R (2000). "Phase-sensitive x-ray imaging". Physics Today. 53 (7): 23–26. Bibcode:2000PhT....53g..23F. doi:10.1063/1.1292471.
David C, Nöhammer B, Solak H, Ziegler (2002). "Differential x-ray phase contrast imaging using a shearing interferometer". Applied Physics Letters. 81 (17): 3287–3289. Bibcode:2002ApPhL..81.3287D. doi:10.1063/1.1516611.
Wilkins SW, Gureyev TE, Gao D, Pogany A, Stevenson AW (1996). "Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays". Nature. 384 (6607): 335–338. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..335W. doi:10.1038/384335a0.
Davis TJ, Gao D, Gureyev TE, Stevenson AW, Wilkins SW (1995). "Phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials using hard X-rays". Nature. 373 (6515): 595–598. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..595D. doi:10.1038/373595a0.
Kissel, Lynn (August 2000). "RTAB: the Rayleigh scattering database". Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 59 (2): 185–200. Bibcode:2000RaPC...59..185K. doi:10.1016/S0969-806X(00)00290-5.
Camara, Carlos G.; Escobar, Juan V.; Hird, Jonathan R.; Putterman, Seth J. (October 2008). "Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick–slip friction in peeling tape". Nature. 455 (7216): 1089–1092. Bibcode:2008Natur.455.1089C. doi:10.1038/nature07378.
Paul H, Muhr J (1986). "Review of experimental cross sections for K-shell ionization by light ions". Physics Reports. 135 (2): 47–97. Bibcode:1986PhR...135...47P. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(86)90149-3.
Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute (January 2014). "Angular distribution of Bremsstrahlung photons and of positrons for calculations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and positron beams". Atmospheric Research. 135–136: 432–465. arXiv:1202.4879. Bibcode:2014AtmRe.135..432K. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.03.012.
Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute (27 February 2015). "Calculation of beams of positrons, neutrons, and protons associated with terrestrial gamma ray flashes". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (4): 1620–1635. Bibcode:2015JGRD..120.1620K. doi:10.1002/2014JD022229.
Kochkin, Pavlo; Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute; van Deursen, Lex (August 2016). "Analyzing x-ray emissions from meter-scale negative discharges in ambient air" (PDF). Plasma Sources Science and Technology. 25 (4): 044002. Bibcode:2016PSST...25d4002K. doi:10.1088/0963-0252/25/4/044002.
Cooray V, Arevalo L, Rahman M, Dwyer J, Rassoul H (2009). "On the possible origin of X-rays in long laboratory sparks". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 71 (17–18): 1890–1898. Bibcode:2009JASTP..71.1890C. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.010.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (March 2017). "Electron acceleration during streamer collisions in air". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (5): 2604–2613. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.2604K. doi:10.1002/2016GL072216. PMC 5405581. PMID 28503005.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Babich LP, Neubert T (2018). "Streamer properties and associated x-rays in perturbed air". Plasma Sources Science and Technology. 27 (1): 015017. Bibcode:2018PSST...27a5017K. doi:10.1088/1361-6595/aaa5d8.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (May 2018). "High-Energy Emissions Induced by Air Density Fluctuations of Discharges". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (10): 5194–5203. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.5194K. doi:10.1029/2018GL077788. PMC 6049893. PMID 30034044.
Förster A, Brandstetter S, Schulze-Briese C (June 2019). "Transforming X-ray detection with hybrid photon counting detectors". Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 377 (2147): 20180241. Bibcode:2019RSPTA.37780241F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0241. PMC 6501887. PMID 31030653.
Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry in Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C (March 2014). "Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 59 (6): R183 – R231. Bibcode:2014PMB....59R.183H. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/r183. PMID 24584183.
Thwaites DI, Tuohy JB (July 2006). "Back to the future: the history and development of the clinical linear accelerator". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 51 (13): R343 – R362. Bibcode:2006PMB....51R.343T. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R20. PMID 16790912.
Brenner DJ (2010). "Should we be concerned about the rapid increase in CT usage?". Reviews on Environmental Health. 25 (1): 63–68. Bibcode:2010RvEH...25.1.63B. doi:10.1515/REVEH.2010.25.1.63. PMID 20429161.
Upton AC (July 2003). "The state of the art in the 1990's: NCRP Report No. 136 on the scientific bases for linearity in the dose-response relationship for ionizing radiation". Health Physics. 85 (1): 15–22. Bibcode:2003HeaPh..85...15U. doi:10.1097/00004032-200307000-00005. PMID 12852466.
Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA (February 2003). "Toxicology rethinks its central belief". Nature. 421 (6924): 691–692. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..691C. doi:10.1038/421691a. PMID 12610596.
Gregory KJ, Bibbo G, Pattison JE (August 2008). "On the Uncertainties in Effective Dose Estimates of Adult CT Head Scans". Medical Physics. 35 (8): 3501–3510. Bibcode:2008MedPh..35.3501G. doi:10.1118/1.2952359. PMID 18777910.
Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Verbeeck J, et al. (February 2011). "Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 1. Artificially aged model samples". Analytical Chemistry. 83 (4): 1214–1223. Bibcode:2011AnaCh..83.1214M. doi:10.1021/ac102424h. PMID 21314201.
Charman, W. N.; Dennis, J. A.; Fazio, G. G.; Jelley, J. V. (April 1971). "Visual Sensations produced by Single Fast Particles". Nature. 230 (5295): 522–524. Bibcode:1971Natur.230..522C. doi:10.1038/230522a0. PMID 4927751.

health.mil

medicalmuseum.health.mil

"National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM): Discovery of the X-ray: A New Kind of Invisible Light: Röntgen and the Discovery". medicalmuseum.health.mil. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

hispanicphysicists.org

"Albert Baez Page of the NSHP". 17 October 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2025.

hpa.org.uk

Shrimpton, P.C; Miller, H.C; Lewis, M.A; Dunn, M. Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) examinations in the UK – 2003 Review Archived 22 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine

iaea.org

"X ray spectrometry". www.iaea.org. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
"Industrial radiography". IAEA. International Atomic Energy Agency. 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2025.

isu.edu

physics.isu.edu

"Dental X-Rays". Idaho State University. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

lbl.gov

xdb.lbl.gov

"X-Ray Data Booklet Table 1-3" (PDF). Center for X-ray Optics and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2016.

lumafield.com

"What is industrial CT?". Lumafield. 30 October 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

medcyclopaedia.com

Peters P (1995). "W. C. Roentgen and the discovery of x-rays". Textbook of Radiology. Medcyclopedia.com, GE Healthcare. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2008.

nasa.gov

science.nasa.gov

"X-Rays". Science Mission Directorate. NASA. 10 August 2016.

science.hq.nasa.gov

Sample S (27 March 2007). "X-Rays". The Electromagnetic Spectrum. NASA. Retrieved 3 December 2007.

nationalgallery.org.uk

"X-Rays". National Gallery, London. Retrieved 27 May 2025.

newspapers.com

"X-ray movies show hard boiled egg fighting digestive organs (1913)". The News-Palladium. 4 April 1913. p. 2. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"X-ray moving pictures latest (1913)". Chicago Tribune. 22 June 1913. p. 32. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"Homeopaths to show movies of body's organs at work (1915)". The Central New Jersey Home News. 10 May 1915. p. 6. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"How X-Ray Movies Are Taken (1918)". Davis County Clipper. 15 March 1918. p. 2. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"X-ray movies (1919)". Tampa Bay Times. 12 January 1919. p. 16. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"X-ray movies perfected. Will show motions of bones and joints of human body. (1918)". The Sun. 7 January 1918. p. 7. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"Talk is cheap? X-ray used by Institute of Phonetics (1920)". New Castle Herald. 2 January 1920. p. 13. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Walden, T L (December 1991). "The first radiation accident in America: a centennial account of the x-ray photograph made in 1890". Radiology. 181 (3): 635–639. doi:10.1148/radiology.181.3.1947073. PMID 1947073.
Peh, W. C. (October 1995). "Part II - Controversies Surrounding and Following Rontgen's Discovery" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 36 (5): 554–558. PMID 8882548.
Hrabak M, Padovan RS, Kralik M, Ozretic D, Potocki K (July 2008). "Scenes from the past: Nikola Tesla and the discovery of X-rays". Radiographics. 28 (4): 1189–1192. doi:10.1148/rg.284075206. PMID 18635636.
Garcia, J.; Buchwald, N. A.; Feder, B. H.; Koelling, R. A.; Tedrow, L. (1964). "Sensitivity of the head to X-ray". Science. 144 (3625): 1470–1472. Bibcode:1964Sci...144.1470G. doi:10.1126/science.144.3625.1470. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14171545. Rats have been trained to respond to signals consisting of very low doses of chi-ray directed to the head.
Baganha, M. F.; Marques, M. A.; Botelho, M. F.; Teixeira, M. L.; Carvalheira, V.; Calisto, J.; Silva, A.; Fernandes, A.; Torres, M.; Brito, J. (1993). "Tomodensitometry and radioisotopic methods in the study of unilateral lung hyperlucencies of vascular origin". Acta Médica Portuguesa. 6 (1): 19–24. PMID 8475784.
Takahashi, K.; Case, B. W.; Dufresne, A.; Fraser, R.; Higashi, T.; Siemiatycki, J. (1994). "Relation between lung asbestos fibre burden and exposure indices based on job history". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 51 (7): 461–469. doi:10.1136/oem.51.7.461. PMC 1128015. PMID 8044245.
Grove AW (1997). "Röntgen's ghosts: photography, X-rays, and the Victorian imagination". Literature and Medicine. 16 (2): 141–173. doi:10.1353/lm.1997.0016. PMID 9368224.
Feldman A (November 1989). "A sketch of the technical history of radiology from 1896 to 1920". Radiographics. 9 (6): 1113–1128. doi:10.1148/radiographics.9.6.2685937. PMID 2685937.
Mayba, Ihor I.; Gaiua, Roman; Kyle, Robert A.; Shampo, Marc A. (July 1997). "Ukrainian Physicist Contributes to the Discovery of X-Rays". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 72 (7): 658. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)63573-8. PMID 9212769.
Spiegel PK (January 1995). "The first clinical X-ray made in America—100 years". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 164 (1): 241–243. doi:10.2214/ajr.164.1.7998549. PMID 7998549.
Daniel J (April 1896). "THE X-RAYS". Science. 3 (67): 562–563. Bibcode:1896Sci.....3..562D. doi:10.1126/science.3.67.562. PMID 17779817.
Sansare K, Khanna V, Karjodkar F (February 2011). "Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception". Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology. 40 (2): 123–125. doi:10.1259/dmfr/73488299. PMC 3520298. PMID 21239576.
Momose A, Takeda T, Itai Y, Hirano K (April 1996). "Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography for observing biological soft tissues". Nature Medicine. 2 (4): 473–475. doi:10.1038/nm0496-473. PMID 8597962.
Lin, Eugene C. (2010). "Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (12): 1142–1146. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0260. PMC 2996147. PMID 21123642.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (March 2017). "Electron acceleration during streamer collisions in air". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (5): 2604–2613. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.2604K. doi:10.1002/2016GL072216. PMC 5405581. PMID 28503005.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (May 2018). "High-Energy Emissions Induced by Air Density Fluctuations of Discharges". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (10): 5194–5203. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.5194K. doi:10.1029/2018GL077788. PMC 6049893. PMID 30034044.
Förster A, Brandstetter S, Schulze-Briese C (June 2019). "Transforming X-ray detection with hybrid photon counting detectors". Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 377 (2147): 20180241. Bibcode:2019RSPTA.37780241F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0241. PMC 6501887. PMID 31030653.
Thomas, Adrian M.K. (August 2007). "The first 50 years of military radiology 1895–1945". European Journal of Radiology. 63 (2): 214–219. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.05.024. PMID 17629432.
Roobottom CA, Mitchell G, Morgan-Hughes G (November 2010). "Radiation-reduction strategies in cardiac computed tomographic angiography". Clinical Radiology. 65 (11): 859–867. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2010.04.021. PMID 20933639. Of the 5 billion imaging investigations performed worldwide...
Stecke, J; Cruz, AD; Almeida, SM; Bóscolo, FN (July 2012). "Alternative X-ray filters for an intra-oral digital radiographic system". Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 41 (5). The British Institute of Radiology: 361–366. PMID 22282509. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
Hermena, Shady; Young, Michael (2025). "CT-scan Image Production Procedures". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 34662062.
Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry in Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C (March 2014). "Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 59 (6): R183 – R231. Bibcode:2014PMB....59R.183H. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/r183. PMID 24584183.
Thwaites DI, Tuohy JB (July 2006). "Back to the future: the history and development of the clinical linear accelerator". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 51 (13): R343 – R362. Bibcode:2006PMB....51R.343T. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R20. PMID 16790912.
Hall EJ, Brenner DJ (May 2008). "Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology". The British Journal of Radiology. 81 (965): 362–378. doi:10.1259/bjr/01948454. PMID 18440940.
Brenner DJ (2010). "Should we be concerned about the rapid increase in CT usage?". Reviews on Environmental Health. 25 (1): 63–68. Bibcode:2010RvEH...25.1.63B. doi:10.1515/REVEH.2010.25.1.63. PMID 20429161.
De Santis M, Cesari E, Nobili E, Straface G, Cavaliere AF, Caruso A (September 2007). "Radiation effects on development". Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today. 81 (3): 177–182. doi:10.1002/bdrc.20099. PMID 17963274.
Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (November 2007). "Computed tomography—an increasing source of radiation exposure". The New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (22): 2277–2284. doi:10.1056/NEJMra072149. PMID 18046031.
Upton AC (July 2003). "The state of the art in the 1990's: NCRP Report No. 136 on the scientific bases for linearity in the dose-response relationship for ionizing radiation". Health Physics. 85 (1): 15–22. Bibcode:2003HeaPh..85...15U. doi:10.1097/00004032-200307000-00005. PMID 12852466.
Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA (February 2003). "Toxicology rethinks its central belief". Nature. 421 (6924): 691–692. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..691C. doi:10.1038/421691a. PMID 12610596.
Oakley PA, Ehsani NN, Harrison DE (1 April 2019). "The Scoliosis Quandary: Are Radiation Exposures From Repeated X-Rays Harmful?". Dose-Response. 17 (2): 1559325819852810. doi:10.1177/1559325819852810. PMC 6560808. PMID 31217755.
Berrington de González A, Darby S (January 2004). "Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays: estimates for the UK and 14 other countries". Lancet. 363 (9406): 345–351. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15433-0. PMID 15070562.
Gregory KJ, Bibbo G, Pattison JE (August 2008). "On the Uncertainties in Effective Dose Estimates of Adult CT Head Scans". Medical Physics. 35 (8): 3501–3510. Bibcode:2008MedPh..35.3501G. doi:10.1118/1.2952359. PMID 18777910.
Giles D, Hewitt D, Stewart A, Webb J (September 1956). "Malignant disease in childhood and diagnostic irradiation in utero". Lancet. 271 (6940): 447. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(56)91923-7. PMID 13358242.
Ratnapalan S, Bentur Y, Koren G (December 2008). ""Doctor, will that x-ray harm my unborn child?"". CMAJ. 179 (12): 1293–1296. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080247. PMC 2585137. PMID 19047611.
Donnelly LF (February 2005). "Reducing radiation dose associated with pediatric CT by decreasing unnecessary examinations". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 184 (2): 655–657. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.2.01840655. PMID 15671393.
Chalkley M, Listl S (March 2018). "First do no harm – The impact of financial incentives on dental X-rays". Journal of Health Economics. 58 (March 2018): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.005. hdl:2066/190628. PMID 29408150.
Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Verbeeck J, et al. (February 2011). "Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 1. Artificially aged model samples". Analytical Chemistry. 83 (4): 1214–1223. Bibcode:2011AnaCh..83.1214M. doi:10.1021/ac102424h. PMID 21314201.
Monico L, Van der Snickt G, Janssens K, De Nolf W, Miliani C, Dik J, et al. (February 2011). "Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods. 2. Original paint layer samples". Analytical Chemistry. 83 (4): 1224–1231. doi:10.1021/ac1025122. PMID 21314202.
Selvik, G (1989). "Roentgen stereophotogrammetry. A method for the study of the kinematics of the skeletal system". Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 232: 1–51. PMID 2686344.
Tendler, Irwin I.; Hartford, Alan; Jermyn, Michael; LaRochelle, Ethan; Cao, Xu; Borza, Victor; Alexander, Daniel; Bruza, Petr; Hoopes, Jack; Moodie, Karen; Marr, Brian P.; Williams, Benjamin B.; Pogue, Brian W.; Gladstone, David J.; Jarvis, Lesley A. (February 2020). "Experimentally Observed Cherenkov Light Generation in the Eye During Radiation Therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 106 (2): 422–429. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.10.031. PMC 7161418. PMID 31669563.
Charman, W. N.; Dennis, J. A.; Fazio, G. G.; Jelley, J. V. (April 1971). "Visual Sensations produced by Single Fast Particles". Nature. 230 (5295): 522–524. Bibcode:1971Natur.230..522C. doi:10.1038/230522a0. PMID 4927751.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Figure 7.1, Wavelengths and frequencies of the different groups of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays lie in the range of 0.01 nm up to 10 nm - Medical Imaging Systems". 3 August 2018. in: Berger, Martin; Yang, Qiao; Maier, Andreas (2018). "X-ray Imaging". Medical Imaging Systems: An Introductory Guide. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-96519-2.
Takahashi, K.; Case, B. W.; Dufresne, A.; Fraser, R.; Higashi, T.; Siemiatycki, J. (1994). "Relation between lung asbestos fibre burden and exposure indices based on job history". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 51 (7): 461–469. doi:10.1136/oem.51.7.461. PMC 1128015. PMID 8044245.
Sansare K, Khanna V, Karjodkar F (February 2011). "Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception". Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology. 40 (2): 123–125. doi:10.1259/dmfr/73488299. PMC 3520298. PMID 21239576.
Lin, Eugene C. (2010). "Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (12): 1142–1146. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0260. PMC 2996147. PMID 21123642.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (March 2017). "Electron acceleration during streamer collisions in air". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (5): 2604–2613. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.2604K. doi:10.1002/2016GL072216. PMC 5405581. PMID 28503005.
Köhn C, Chanrion O, Neubert T (May 2018). "High-Energy Emissions Induced by Air Density Fluctuations of Discharges". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (10): 5194–5203. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.5194K. doi:10.1029/2018GL077788. PMC 6049893. PMID 30034044.
Förster A, Brandstetter S, Schulze-Briese C (June 2019). "Transforming X-ray detection with hybrid photon counting detectors". Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 377 (2147): 20180241. Bibcode:2019RSPTA.37780241F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0241. PMC 6501887. PMID 31030653.
Hermena, Shady; Young, Michael (2025). "CT-scan Image Production Procedures". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 34662062.
Oakley PA, Ehsani NN, Harrison DE (1 April 2019). "The Scoliosis Quandary: Are Radiation Exposures From Repeated X-Rays Harmful?". Dose-Response. 17 (2): 1559325819852810. doi:10.1177/1559325819852810. PMC 6560808. PMID 31217755.
Ratnapalan S, Bentur Y, Koren G (December 2008). ""Doctor, will that x-ray harm my unborn child?"". CMAJ. 179 (12): 1293–1296. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080247. PMC 2585137. PMID 19047611.
Tendler, Irwin I.; Hartford, Alan; Jermyn, Michael; LaRochelle, Ethan; Cao, Xu; Borza, Victor; Alexander, Daniel; Bruza, Petr; Hoopes, Jack; Moodie, Karen; Marr, Brian P.; Williams, Benjamin B.; Pogue, Brian W.; Gladstone, David J.; Jarvis, Lesley A. (February 2020). "Experimentally Observed Cherenkov Light Generation in the Eye During Radiation Therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 106 (2): 422–429. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.10.031. PMC 7161418. PMID 31669563.
"Radiation Quantities and Units, Definitions, Acronyms". Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials. National Academies Press (US). 1999. ISBN 978-0-309-06297-8.

nlm.nih.gov

"Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body: Galleries: Cases: Could X-rays Have Saved President William McKinley?". NLM.NIH.gov. Retrieved 24 January 2022.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stecke, J; Cruz, AD; Almeida, SM; Bóscolo, FN (July 2012). "Alternative X-ray filters for an intra-oral digital radiographic system". Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 41 (5). The British Institute of Radiology: 361–366. PMID 22282509. Retrieved 30 June 2025.

ntp.niehs.nih.gov

"11th Report on Carcinogens". Ntp.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2010.

nist.gov

physics.nist.gov

"Physics.nist.gov". Physics.nist.gov. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
"X-ray Transition Energies Database". NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2016.

nla.gov.au

"X-Rays for Fitting Boots". Warwick Daily News (Qld.: 1919–1954). 25 August 1921. p. 4. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
"T. C. BEIRNE'S X-RAY SHOE FITTING". Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872–1947). 17 July 1925. p. 8. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
"THE PEDOSCOPE". Sunday Times (Perth, WA : 1902–1954). 15 July 1928. p. 5. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
"X-RAY SHOE FITTINGS". Biz (Fairfield, NSW : 1928–1972). 27 July 1955. p. 10. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
"SHOE X-RAY DANGERS". Brisbane Telegraph (Qld. : 1948–1954). 28 February 1951. p. 7. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
"X-ray shoe sets in S.A. 'controlled'". News (Adelaide, SA : 1923–1954). 27 April 1951. p. 12. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
"Ban On Shoe X-ray Machines Resented". Canberra Times (ACT : 1926–1995). 26 June 1957. p. 4. Retrieved 5 November 2017.

nobelprize.org

Karlsson EB (9 February 2000). "The Nobel Prizes in Physics 1901–2000". Stockholm: The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
"Nobel Prize in Physics 1917". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2 February 2025.

open.edu

"Using lasers instead of x-rays". Open University. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

orau.org

Frame P. "Wilhelm Röntgen and the Invisible Light". Tales from the Atomic Age. Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Retrieved 11 October 2021.

patents.google.com

Tesla's technical publications indicate that he invented and developed a single-electrode X-ray tube. Morton, William James and Hammer, Edwin W. (1896) American Technical Book Co., p. 68. U.S. patent 514,170, "Incandescent Electric Light". U.S. patent 454,622 "System of Electric Lighting". These differed from other X-ray tubes in having no target electrode and worked with the output of a Tesla coil.

pbs.org

Markel H (20 December 2012). "'I Have Seen My Death': How the World Discovered the X-Ray". PBS NewsHour. PBS. Retrieved 23 March 2019.

pitt.edu

phyast.pitt.edu

"HOW DANGEROUS IS RADIATION?". PhyAst.Pitt.edu. Retrieved 24 January 2022.

radiationsafety.ca

"Radiation and Airport Security – Are You at Risk?". Radiation Safety Institute of Canada. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

radiologyinfo.org

"Radiation Dose in X-Ray and CT Exams". RadiologyInfo.org. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and American College of Radiology (ACR). Retrieved 24 January 2022.

sciencedaily.com

"Medical Radiation Exposure Of The U.S. Population Greatly Increased Since The Early 1980s". ScienceDaily (Press release). National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements. 5 March 2009.

sites.google.com

"ISU Health Physics Radinf – First 50 Years". Sites.Google.com. Retrieved 24 January 2022.

smj.org.sg

Peh, W. C. (October 1995). "Part II - Controversies Surrounding and Following Rontgen's Discovery" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 36 (5): 554–558. PMID 8882548.

techbriefs.com

"Automated X-Ray Inspection". Tech Briefs. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

teledynevisionsolutions.com

"Introduction to X-ray Microscopy". Teledyne. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

theartists.net

Ferguson, Jonathan. "STANE JAGODIČ". The Artists. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

theconversation.com

Jorgensen TJ (10 October 2017). "Marie Curie and her X-ray vehicles' contribution to World War I battlefield medicine". The Conversation. Retrieved 23 February 2018.

theguardian.com

Arthur C (8 November 2010). "Google doodle celebrates 115 years of X-rays". The Guardian. Guardian US. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

trope.com

"Behind the Shot: Peter Dazeley". Trope Publishing Co. 13 September 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

tue.nl

pure.tue.nl

Kochkin, Pavlo; Köhn, Christoph; Ebert, Ute; van Deursen, Lex (August 2016). "Analyzing x-ray emissions from meter-scale negative discharges in ambient air" (PDF). Plasma Sources Science and Technology. 25 (4): 044002. Bibcode:2016PSST...25d4002K. doi:10.1088/0963-0252/25/4/044002.

uni-ulm.de

Bauer, Elke (2019). Strahlenschutzunterweisung - Arbeitsbereich Isotopenanwendung (PDF) (Report) (in German). University of Ulm.

web.archive.org

"Major John Hall-Edwards". Birmingham City Council. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
"Major John Hall-Edwards". Birmingham City Council. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
Birmingham City Council: Major John Hall-Edwards Archived 28 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"Albert Baez Page of the NSHP". 17 October 2020. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
Attwood, David (1999). Soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Cambridge University. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-521-65214-8. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Attwood, David (1999). "3". Soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65214-8. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
"X-Ray Data Booklet Table 1-3" (PDF). Center for X-ray Optics and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 1 October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
"X-Rays/Radiographs". American Dental Association. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
"11th Report on Carcinogens". Ntp.niehs.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
Shrimpton, P.C; Miller, H.C; Lewis, M.A; Dunn, M. Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) examinations in the UK – 2003 Review Archived 22 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
"Pregnant Women and Radiation Exposure". eMedicine Live online medical consultation. Medscape. 28 December 2008. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2009.^{[unreliable source?]}
"ANS / Public Information / Resources / Radiation Dose Calculator". Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
X-Rays Archived 15 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Doctorspiller.com (9 May 2007). Retrieved on 2011-05-05.
X-Ray Safety Archived 4 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Dentalgentlecare.com (6 February 2008). Retrieved on 2011-05-05.
"Dental X-Rays". Idaho State University. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
D.O.E. – About Radiation Archived 27 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Garcia, J.; Buchwald, N. A.; Feder, B. H.; Koelling, R. A.; Tedrow, L. (1964). "Sensitivity of the head to X-ray". Science. 144 (3625): 1470–1472. Bibcode:1964Sci...144.1470G. doi:10.1126/science.144.3625.1470. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14171545. Rats have been trained to respond to signals consisting of very low doses of chi-ray directed to the head.
Glasser, Otto (1958). Dr. W.C. Röntgen. Thomas. OCLC 598678738.^{[page needed]}

yale.edu

collections.britishart.yale.edu

"Green, James (Zoological Artist), Sciagraphs of British batrachians and reptiles, 1897". Yale Centre for British Art. Retrieved 24 November 2021.

zenodo.org

Daniel J (April 1896). "THE X-RAYS". Science. 3 (67): 562–563. Bibcode:1896Sci.....3..562D. doi:10.1126/science.3.67.562. PMID 17779817.