Yiddish (English Wikipedia)

Rettig, Haviv (April 17, 2007). "Yiddish returns to Birobidzhan". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

biorxiv.org

Aram Yardumian, "A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry". University of Pennsylvania. 2013.

bisso.com

"Army Navy Full". Archived from the original on October 3, 2005. Retrieved October 2, 2005.

bje.org.au

"South African Jews - BJE". March 30, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2024.

books.google.com

Baumgarten, Jean; Frakes, Jerold C. (June 1, 2005). Introduction to Old Yiddish literature. Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-19-927633-2.
Spolsky, Bernard (2014). The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History. Cambridge University Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-139-91714-8.
Aptroot, Marion; Hansen, Björn (2014). Yiddish Language Structures. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 108. ISBN 978-3-11-033952-9.
Bechtel, Delphine (2010). "Yiddish Theatre and Its Impact on the German and Austrian Stage". In Malkin, Jeanette R.; Rokem, Freddie (eds.). Jews and the making of modern German theatre. Studies in theatre history and culture. University of Iowa Press. p. 304. ISBN 978-1-58729-868-4. Retrieved October 28, 2011. [...] audiences heard on the stage a continuum of hybrid language-levels between Yiddish and German that was sometimes combined with the traditional use of Mauscheldeutsch (surviving forms of Western Yiddish).
Applegate, Celia; Potter, Pamela Maxine (2001). Music and German national identity. University of Chicago Press. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-226-02131-7. Retrieved October 28, 2011. [...] in 1787, over 10 percent of the Prague population was Jewish [...] which spoke German and, probably, Mauscheldeutsch, a local Jewish-German dialect distinct from Yiddish (Mauscheldeutsch = Moischele-Deutsch = 'Moses German').
Yekelchyk, Serhy (2007). Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation. OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3.
Magocsi, Paul Robert (2010). A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 537. ISBN 978-1-4426-4085-6.
Robert Moses Shapiro (2003). Why Didn't the Press Shout?: American & International Journalism During the Holocaust. KTAV. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-88125-775-5.
Bernard Spolsky,The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History, Cambridge University Press, 2014 pp.157,180ff. p.183

cal.org

"Yiddish Language". Center for Applied Linguistics. 2012.

cambridge.org

journals.cambridge.org

Speculum, A Journal of Medieval Studies: Volume 78, Issue 01, January 2003, pp 210–212

census.gov

"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
"Camille Ryan: Language Use in the United States: 2011, Issued August 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

chabad.org

Rozovsky, Lorne. "Jewish Language Path to Extinction". Chabad.org. Retrieved December 8, 2013.

cnet.com

news.cnet.com

Lowensohn, Josh (August 31, 2009). "Oy! Google Translate now speaks Yiddish". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

cnn.com

"Poland's Jews alive and kicking". CNN. October 6, 2008. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

coe.int

assembly.coe.int

Emanuelis Zingeris, Yiddish culture Archived March 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Council of Europe Committee on Culture and Education Doc. 7489, February 12, 1996. Retrieved October 17, 2006.

columbia.edu

Hollander, Jason (September 15, 2003). "Yiddish Studies Thrives at Columbia After More than Fifty Years". Columbia News. Columbia University. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2021. ...there has been a regular, significant increase in enrollment in Columbia's Yiddish language and literature classes over the past few years.

doi.org

Kleine, Ane (December 2003). "Standard Yiddish". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (2): 261–265. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385 (inactive November 1, 2024). ISSN 1475-3502. S2CID 232346563.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Pimlott, William (January 11, 2024). "The Yiddish press and the making of South African Jewry in the British world: exclusion, libel, and Jewish nationalism, 1890–1914". Jewish Historical Studies: A Journal of English-Speaking Jewry. 55 (1). doi:10.14324/111.444.jhs.2024v55.02. ISSN 2397-1290.
Volokh, Eugene; Kozinski, Alex (1993). "Lawsuit, Shmawsuit". Yale Law Journal. 103 (2). The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc.: 463–467. doi:10.2307/797101. JSTOR 797101.

e-periodica.ch

Nahon, Peter (January–June 2017). "Notes lexicologiques sur des interférences entre yidich et français moderne" [Lexicological notes on interferences between Yidish and modern French]. Revue de Linguistique Romane (in French). 81 (321–322). Strasbourg: SARL ELiPhi: 139–155. ISSN 0035-1458. OCLC 1114334924. Retrieved January 25, 2023 – via ETH-Bibliothek Zuerich.

encyclopediaofukraine.com

"Yiddish". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
"Yiddish". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved September 7, 2024.

endangeredlanguages.com

"Did you know Western Yiddish is threatened?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved February 4, 2024.

ethnologue.com

Yiddish at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Eastern Yiddish at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Western Yiddish at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

forward.com

Philologos (July 27, 2014). "The Origins of Yiddish: Part Fir". The Forward.
"In Academia, Yiddish Is Seen, But Not Heard –". Forward.com. March 24, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
"Yiddish Forverts Seeks New Audience Online". Forward. January 25, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Kutzik, Jordan (April 5, 2021). "I took Duolingo's new Yiddish course for a test drive. Here's what I found". The Forward. Retrieved April 6, 2021.

yiddish.forward.com

(in Yiddish) פֿאָרווערטס: The Forward online.

galiciajewishmuseum.org

"Galicia Jewish Museum". Galicia Jewish Museum. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

garant.ru

constitution.garant.ru

"Устав Еврейской автономной области от 8 октября 1997 г. N 40-ОЗ (с изменениями и дополнениями) Глава I. Общие положения. Статья 6.2 [Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast N 40-ОЗ (with the Amendments and Additions of 8 October 1997): Chapter I. General situation. Article 6.2]". Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации [Site of the Constitution of the Russian Federation]. Garant. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2023. В области создаются условия для сохранения, изучения и развития языков еврейского народа и других народов, проживающих на территории области. [In the oblast the conditions will be created for the protection, stidy and growth of the languages of the Jewish peoples and other peoples living on the territory of the oblast.]

gazetaeao.ru

"Birobidzhaner Shtern in Yiddish". Gazetaeao.ru. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2010.

gks.ru

"Информационные материалы всероссийской переписи населения 2010 г. Население Российской Федерации по владению языками". Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2013.

evrstat.gks.ru

Статистический бюллетень "Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство населения Еврейской автономной области" [Statistical Bulletin "National structure and language skills, citizenship population Jewish Autonomous Region"] (in Russian). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. October 30, 2013. In document "5. ВЛАДЕНИЕ ЯЗЫКАМИ НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ ОБЛАСТИ.pdf". Archived from the original (RAR, PDF) on May 2, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.

gov.se

manskligarattigheter.gov.se

(in Yiddish) נאַציאַנאַלע מינאָריטעטן און מינאָריטעט־שפּראַכן Archived September 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine National Minorities and Minority Languages. Retrieved December 4, 2006.

gutenberg.org

Herzl, Theodor (1896). Der Judenstaat: Versuch einer modernen Lösung der Judenfrage. Leipzig and Vienna: Project Gutenberg.

haaretz.com

Rabinowitz, Aaron (September 23, 2017). "War on Hebrew For Some ultra-Orthodox, There Can Be Only One Language". Haaretz. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
"Why a Yiddish Renaissance Is Underway in Sweden, of All Places". Haaretz. Retrieved March 6, 2024.

harvard.edu

revista.drclas.harvard.edu

Grossman, Rachelle. "Mexican Yiddish and Secular Jewish Identity in Mexico". ReVista. Retrieved February 4, 2024.

idg.se

"IDG: Jiddischdomänen är här". Idg.se. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

jewishgen.org

"Development of Yiddish over the ages". jewishgen.org.

jewishlanguages.org

"Yiddish". Jewish Languages. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
"Jewish French". Jewish Languages. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
"Jewish Hungarian". Jewish Languages. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
"Jewish Russian". Jewish Languages. Retrieved December 18, 2023.

jewishsf.com

"Yiddish making a comeback, as theater group shows | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California". Jewishsf.com. September 18, 1998. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

Schoenberg, Shira. "Judaism: Ashkenazism". Retrieved December 10, 2019.
"History & Development of Yiddish". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
Rabinovich, O.A. (1861). "Russia – Our Native Land: Just as We Breathe Its Air We Must Speak Its Language". Рассвет. 16: 220. As cited on the website of the Jewish Virtual Library.

jpost.com

fr.jpost.com

Rettig, Haviv (April 17, 2007). "Yiddish returns to Birobidzhan". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

jstor.org

Ben-Eliezer, Moshe (1980). "Hebrew and the Survival of Jewish Culture in the Soviet Union". ETC: A Review of General Semantics. 37 (3): 248–253. ISSN 0014-164X. JSTOR 42575482.
Volokh, Eugene; Kozinski, Alex (1993). "Lawsuit, Shmawsuit". Yale Law Journal. 103 (2). The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc.: 463–467. doi:10.2307/797101. JSTOR 797101.

judaicvilnius.com

Neosymmetria (www.neosymmetria.com) (October 1, 2009). "Vilnius Yiddish Institute". Judaicvilnius.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

latimes.com

Rourke, Mary (May 22, 2000). "A Lasting Language". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

lechaim.ru

"журнал "Лехаим" М. Е. Швыдкой. Расставание с прошлым неизбежно". Lechaim.ru. Retrieved December 8, 2013.

loc.gov

"2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates". Library of Congress. Retrieved April 3, 2019.

manchester.ac.uk

languagecontact.humanities.manchester.ac.uk

Matras, Yaron. "Archive of Endangered and Smaller Languages: Yiddish". University of Manchester. humanities.manchester.ac.uk. Matres explains that with the emigration of Jews eastward into Slavic-speaking areas of Central Europe, from around the twelfth century onward, Yiddish "took on an independent development path", adding: "It was only in this context that Jews began to refer to their language as 'Yiddish' (= 'Jewish'), while earlier, it had been referred to as 'Yiddish-Taitsh' (='Judeo-German')."

mechon-mamre.org

Genesis 10:3

medienhilfe.org

Internationale Medienhilfe (IMH) (September 22, 2024). "They still exist: Yiddish-language newspapers and magazines throughout the world". IMH (in German). Retrieved September 22, 2024.
Internationale Medienhilfe (IMH) (September 19, 2024). "Trendumkehr: Immer mehr Menschen sprechen Jiddisch". IMH (in German). Retrieved September 22, 2024.

milon.co.il

"בדעתו". Milon.co.il. May 14, 2007. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2010.

mla.org

Language by State: Yiddish Archived September 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, MLA Language Map Data Center, based on U.S. Census data. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
"Data center results] Modern Language Association]". Archived from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
MLA Data Center Results: Kiryas Joel, New York Archived October 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 17, 2006.

nobelprize.org

Bashevis Singer, Isaac (December 10, 1978). "Isaac Bashevis Singer's banquet speech upon receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved February 1, 2023.

nytimes.com

Johnson, George (October 29, 1996). "Scholars Debate Roots of Yiddish, Migration of Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2021.

ohchr.org

OHCHR. "OHCHR English". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
OHCHR. "OHCHR Yiddish". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
OHCHR. "OHCHR German". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved April 3, 2019.

omniglot.com

"UDHR in Afroasiatic languages". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved December 18, 2023.

pdfdrive.com

Johnson, Paul (1987). A History of the Jews (1st U.S. ed.). New York: Harper & Row. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-06-091533-9. Retrieved February 1, 2023.

rada.gov.ua

zakon.rada.gov.ua

"Про затвердження переліку мов національних меншин (спільнот) та корінних народів України, яким загрожує зникнення". Official webportal of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. June 7, 2024.

regeringen.se

(in Swedish) Regeringens proposition 1998/99:143 Nationella minoriteter i Sverige^{[permanent dead link‍]}, June 10, 1999. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
(in Yiddish) אַ נאַציאָנאַלער האַנדלונגס־פּלאַן פאַר די מענטשלעכע רעכט^{[permanent dead link‍]} A National Action Plan for Human Rights 2006–2009. Retrieved December 4, 2006.

rijksoverheid.nl

"Welke erkende talen heeft Nederland?". Rijksoverheid.nl. July 2, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2019.

rutgers.edu

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"Yiddish FAQs". Rutgers University. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kleine, Ane (December 2003). "Standard Yiddish". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (2): 261–265. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385 (inactive November 1, 2024). ISSN 1475-3502. S2CID 232346563.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

spacing.ca

CHRISTOPHER DEWOLF, "A peek inside Yiddish Montreal", Spacing Montreal, February 23, 2008.[2]

språkförsvaret.se

Mikael Parkvall, Sveriges språk. Vem talar vad och var?. RAPPLING 1. Rapporter från Institutionen för lingvistik vid Stockholms universitet. 2009 [1] Archived September 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, pp. 68–72

theatlantic.com

Basu, Tanya (September 9, 2014). "Oy Vey: Yiddish Has a Problem". The Atlantic.

theguardian.com

Walker, Shaun (September 27, 2017). "Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage". The Guardian. Retrieved April 3, 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.

thetimes.co.uk

Shamash, Jack (March 6, 2004). "Yiddish once again speaks for itself".

translate.google.com

"Google Translate from Yiddish to English". Retrieved December 22, 2011.

ucla.edu

law.ucla.edu

Note: an updated version of the article appears on Professor Volokh's UCLA web page, "Judge Alex Kozinski & Eugene Volokh, "Lawsuit, Shmawsuit" <*>". Law.ucla.edu. Retrieved October 18, 2009.

uclpress.co.uk

journals.uclpress.co.uk

Pimlott, William (January 11, 2024). "The Yiddish press and the making of South African Jewry in the British world: exclusion, libel, and Jewish nationalism, 1890–1914". Jewish Historical Studies: A Journal of English-Speaking Jewry. 55 (1). doi:10.14324/111.444.jhs.2024v55.02. ISSN 2397-1290.

uky.edu

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Finkel, Raphael. "Yiddish Dictionary Lookup". cs.uky.edu. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
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unesco.org

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"World Atlas of Languages: Eastern Yiddish". en.wal.unesco.org. Retrieved April 23, 2023.

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"Yiddish FAQs". Rutgers University. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
"Устав Еврейской автономной области от 8 октября 1997 г. N 40-ОЗ (с изменениями и дополнениями) Глава I. Общие положения. Статья 6.2 [Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast N 40-ОЗ (with the Amendments and Additions of 8 October 1997): Chapter I. General situation. Article 6.2]". Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации [Site of the Constitution of the Russian Federation]. Garant. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2023. В области создаются условия для сохранения, изучения и развития языков еврейского народа и других народов, проживающих на территории области. [In the oblast the conditions will be created for the protection, stidy and growth of the languages of the Jewish peoples and other peoples living on the territory of the oblast.]
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Most spoken languages in the United States, Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
Emanuelis Zingeris, Yiddish culture Archived March 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Council of Europe Committee on Culture and Education Doc. 7489, February 12, 1996. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
"Army Navy Full". Archived from the original on October 3, 2005. Retrieved October 2, 2005.
Hollander, Jason (September 15, 2003). "Yiddish Studies Thrives at Columbia After More than Fifty Years". Columbia News. Columbia University. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2021. ...there has been a regular, significant increase in enrollment in Columbia's Yiddish language and literature classes over the past few years.
"Информационные материалы всероссийской переписи населения 2010 г. Население Российской Федерации по владению языками". Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
"Birobidzhaner Shtern in Yiddish". Gazetaeao.ru. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2010.
Статистический бюллетень "Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство населения Еврейской автономной области" [Statistical Bulletin "National structure and language skills, citizenship population Jewish Autonomous Region"] (in Russian). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. October 30, 2013. In document "5. ВЛАДЕНИЕ ЯЗЫКАМИ НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ ОБЛАСТИ.pdf". Archived from the original (RAR, PDF) on May 2, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
(in Yiddish) נאַציאַנאַלע מינאָריטעטן און מינאָריטעט־שפּראַכן Archived September 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine National Minorities and Minority Languages. Retrieved December 4, 2006.
"IDG: Jiddischdomänen är här". Idg.se. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
Mikael Parkvall, Sveriges språk. Vem talar vad och var?. RAPPLING 1. Rapporter från Institutionen för lingvistik vid Stockholms universitet. 2009 [1] Archived September 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, pp. 68–72
(in Yiddish) דער אַלגעמיינער זשורנאַל Archived January 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine: Algemeiner Journal online
Language by State: Yiddish Archived September 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, MLA Language Map Data Center, based on U.S. Census data. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
"Camille Ryan: Language Use in the United States: 2011, Issued August 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
"Data center results] Modern Language Association]". Archived from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
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"Galicia Jewish Museum". Galicia Jewish Museum. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
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Lowensohn, Josh (August 31, 2009). "Oy! Google Translate now speaks Yiddish". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Kleine, Ane (December 2003). "Standard Yiddish". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (2): 261–265. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385 (inactive November 1, 2024). ISSN 1475-3502. S2CID 232346563.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Hirson, Baruch (1993). "Friend to Olive Schreiner: The Story of Ruth Schechter". Collected Seminar Papers – Institute of Commonwealth Studies. University of London. Collected Seminar Papers. Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 45: 43. ISSN 0076-0773.
Pimlott, William (January 11, 2024). "The Yiddish press and the making of South African Jewry in the British world: exclusion, libel, and Jewish nationalism, 1890–1914". Jewish Historical Studies: A Journal of English-Speaking Jewry. 55 (1). doi:10.14324/111.444.jhs.2024v55.02. ISSN 2397-1290.
Ben-Eliezer, Moshe (1980). "Hebrew and the Survival of Jewish Culture in the Soviet Union". ETC: A Review of General Semantics. 37 (3): 248–253. ISSN 0014-164X. JSTOR 42575482.
Gitelman, Zvi Y. (2001). A century of ambivalence : the Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the present (2nd expanded ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01373-6. OCLC 606432500 – via Yivo Institute for Jewish Research.
Polonsky, Antony (2010). The Jews in Poland and Russia. Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. ISBN 978-1-874774-64-8. OCLC 149092612.
Lindemann, Albert S.; Levy, Richard S. (2010). Antisemitism : a history. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-102931-8. OCLC 869736200.
Nahon, Peter (January–June 2017). "Notes lexicologiques sur des interférences entre yidich et français moderne" [Lexicological notes on interferences between Yidish and modern French]. Revue de Linguistique Romane (in French). 81 (321–322). Strasbourg: SARL ELiPhi: 139–155. ISSN 0035-1458. OCLC 1114334924. Retrieved January 25, 2023 – via ETH-Bibliothek Zuerich.

worldcat.org

Gitelman, Zvi Y. (2001). A century of ambivalence : the Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the present (2nd expanded ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01373-6. OCLC 606432500 – via Yivo Institute for Jewish Research.
Polonsky, Antony (2010). The Jews in Poland and Russia. Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. ISBN 978-1-874774-64-8. OCLC 149092612.
Lindemann, Albert S.; Levy, Richard S. (2010). Antisemitism : a history. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-102931-8. OCLC 869736200.

worldjewishcongress.org

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yadvashem.org

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zuckermann.org

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