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wiktionary.org
en.wiktionary.org
from a very polysemic root حول meaning "to change, alter, transform, turn around, transmit, divert" etc.; Lane (I.676) glosses حيلة as "A mode, or manner, of changing from one state to another, or of shifting form one thing to another", "a mode, or means, of evading or eluding a thing, or of effecting an object, an evasion or elusion, a shift, a wile, an artifice, or artful contrivance, or device, a machination, a trick, a plot, a stratagem, or an expedient, a means of effecting one's transition from that which he dislikes to that which he likes, art, artifice, cunning, ingenuity, or skill, in the management of affairs, i.e. the turning over, or revolving, thoughts, ideas, schemes, or contrivances in the mind so as to find a way of attaining one's object, and excellence of consideration or deliberation, and ability to manage according to one's own free will, with subtility, a means of attaining to some state concealedly; and it is mostly used of that in which is sin, or offence, or disobedience but sometimes of that in the exercise of which is wisdom; and hence God is described as shadid al-mahali, meaning strong in attaining, concealedly from men, to that in which is wisdom". The more general meaning "device, ingenuity" is seen in the title of Kitab al-Hilya of a work on mechanical devices. For disambiguation, the phrase حيل فقهيةḥiyal fiqhiyya "legalistic tricks" is used.
