Cine sonoro (Spanish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cine sonoro" in Spanish language version.

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35millimeter.de

afm.org

  • American Federation of Musicians/History Archivado el 5 de abril de 2007 en Wayback Machine. "1927 – With the release of the first 'talkie,' The Jazz Singer, orchestras in movie theaters were displaced. The AFM had its first encounter with wholesale unemployment brought about by technology. Within three years, 22,000 theater jobs for musicians who accompanied silent movies were lost, while only a few hundred jobs for musicians performing on soundtracks were created by the new technology. 1928 – While continuing to protest the loss of jobs due to the use of 'canned music' with motion pictures, the AFM set minimum wage scales for Vitaphone, Movietone and phonograph record work. Because synchronizing music with pictures for the movies was particularly difficult, the AFM was able to set high prices for this work."

angelfire.com

archive.today

bfi.org.uk

cihefe.es

cinetecadibologna.it

  • According to Il Cinema Ritrovato, the program for XXI Mostra Internazionale del Cinema Libero (Bologna; November 22-29, 1992), the film was shot in Paris. According to the IMDb entry on the film, it was a Czech-German coproduction. The two claims are not necessarily contradictory.

deutsches-filminstitut.de

  • Low (1997a), pp. 178, 203-205; Low (1997b), p. 183; Der Rote Kreis Archivado el 24 de junio de 2011 en Wayback Machine. Deutsches Filminstitut entry; Crafton (1997), pp. 432. Note also that IMDb.com incorrectly refers to Der Rote Kreis/The Crimson Circle as a British International Pictures (BIP) coproduction (it also spells Zelnik's first name "Frederic"). The authentic BIP production Kitty is sometimes included among the candidates for "first British talkie." In fact, the film was produced and premiered as a silent for its original 1928 release. The stars later came to New York to record dialogue, with which the film was rereleased in June 1929, after much better credentialed candidates. See sources cited above.
  • Hay discrepancias respecto a la duración de la película. La página web para la película en el Deutsches Filminstitut página web de la película Archivado el 11 de marzo de 2007 en Wayback Machine. afirma que son 48 minutos; la ficha en el sitio web 35 Millimeter ficha afirma que son 40 minutos. Según filmportal.de «The Emergence of German Sound Film.» Archivado el 9 de enero de 2010 en Wayback Machine., es de «unos 40 minutos».

duke.edu

scriptorium.lib.duke.edu

  • "Canned Music on Trial" part of Duke University's Ad*Access project. The text of the ad continues:

    Is Music Worth Saving?
    No great volume of evidence is required to answer this question. Music is a well-nigh universally beloved art. From the beginning of history, men have turned to musical expression to lighten the burdens of life, to make them happier. Aborigines, lowest in the scale of savagery, chant their song to tribal gods and play upon pipes and shark-skin drums. Musical development has kept pace with good taste and ethics throughout the ages, and has influenced the gentler nature of man more powerfully perhaps than any other factor. Has it remained for the Great Age of Science to snub the Art by setting up in its place a pale and feeble shadow of itself?
    American Federation of Musicians (Comprising 140,000 musicians in the United States and Canada), Joseph N. Weber, President. Broadway, New York City.

elpais.com

elretohistorico.com

elsiglodedurango.com.mx

encyclopediaofarkansas.net

  • See Freeman Harrison Owens (1890-1979) en la Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. A number of sources erroneously state that Owens's and/or the Tri-Ergon patents were essential to the creation of the Fox-Case Movietone system.

epinay-sur-seine.fr

  • Crisp (1997), p. 103; Epinay ville du cinéma Archivado el 12 de junio de 2010 en Wayback Machine. part of the Epinay-sur-Seine municipal website; Le Collier de la reine All Movie Guide description by Hal Erickson; Le cinéma français en 1930 chronology also covering 1929; part of the Cine-studies website. In his 2002 book Genre, Myth, and Convention in the French Cinema, 1929-1939 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press), Crisp says that Le Collier de la reine was "'merely' sonorized, not dialogued" (p. 381), but all other available detailed descriptions (including his own from 1997) mention a dialogue sequence. Note also that Crisp gives October 31 as the debut date of Les Trois masques and Cine-studies gives its release ("sortie") date as November 2. Note finally, where Crisp defines in Genre, Myth, and Convention a "feature" as being a minimum of sixty minutes long, this article follows the equally common, and Wikipedia-prevalent, standard of forty minutes or longer.

filmportal.de

filmsite.org

filmsound.org

  • Sound engineer Mark Ulano, in "The Movies Are Born a Child of the Phonograph" (part 2 of his essay Moving Pictures That Talk), describes the Phono-Cinéma-Théâtre version of synchronized sound cinema:

    This system used an operator adjusted non-linkage form of primitive synchronization. The scenes to be shown were first filmed, and then the performers recorded their dialogue or songs on the Lioretograph (usually a Le Eclat concert cylinder format phonograph) trying to match tempo with the projected filmed performance. In showing the films, synchronization of sorts was achieved by adjusting the hand cranked film projector's speed to match the phonograph. the projectionist was equipped with a telephone through which he listened to the phonograph which was located in the orchestra pit

hamalweb.com.ar

imdb.com

  • (La película en imdb). En noviembre de 2010 se anunció el descubrimiento, en la Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos, de una copia de la cinta (noticia del descubrimiento en lainformacion.com)
  • Low (1997a), pp. 178, 203-205; Low (1997b), p. 183; Der Rote Kreis Archivado el 24 de junio de 2011 en Wayback Machine. Deutsches Filminstitut entry; Crafton (1997), pp. 432. Note also that IMDb.com incorrectly refers to Der Rote Kreis/The Crimson Circle as a British International Pictures (BIP) coproduction (it also spells Zelnik's first name "Frederic"). The authentic BIP production Kitty is sometimes included among the candidates for "first British talkie." In fact, the film was produced and premiered as a silent for its original 1928 release. The stars later came to New York to record dialogue, with which the film was rereleased in June 1929, after much better credentialed candidates. See sources cited above.
  • According to Il Cinema Ritrovato, the program for XXI Mostra Internazionale del Cinema Libero (Bologna; November 22-29, 1992), the film was shot in Paris. According to the IMDb entry on the film, it was a Czech-German coproduction. The two claims are not necessarily contradictory.

indolink.com

lainformacion.com

noticias.lainformacion.com

  • (La película en imdb). En noviembre de 2010 se anunció el descubrimiento, en la Biblioteca del Congreso de Estados Unidos, de una copia de la cinta (noticia del descubrimiento en lainformacion.com)

midnighteye.com

  • A Page of Madness (1927) interview with Mariann Lewinsky by Jasper Sharp, March 7, 2002; part of the Midnight Eye website.

monografias.com

nytimes.com

movies2.nytimes.com

  • The information on the April 1923 Phonofilms screening contained in the main text is per the majority of available sources. A minority of sources claim, variously, that (a) the date was April 1, (b) the venue was the Rialto Theater, and/or (c) the feature, Bella Donna, had sound. The best piece of evidence in support of the majority description is the contemporary New York Times review of Bella Donna, which appeared on April 16 and which makes no reference to the film having any recorded sound at all.
  • A few sources indicate that the film was released in 1923, but the two most recent authoritative histories that discuss the film—Crafton (1997), p. 66; Hijiya (1992), p. 103—both give 1924. It is generally accepted that De Forest recorded a synchronized musical score for director Fritz Lang's Siegfried (1924) when it arrived in the United States the year after its German debut—which would make it the first feature film with synchronized sound throughout—but seemingly no two sources agree on when the recording took place or if the film was ever actually presented with synch-sound. The August 24, 1925, New York Times review of Siegfried, following its apparent American premiere at New York City's Century Theater the night before, describes a live orchestra performing the score. The De Forest recording was likely made then.
  • Crisp (1997), p. 103; Epinay ville du cinéma Archivado el 12 de junio de 2010 en Wayback Machine. part of the Epinay-sur-Seine municipal website; Le Collier de la reine All Movie Guide description by Hal Erickson; Le cinéma français en 1930 chronology also covering 1929; part of the Cine-studies website. In his 2002 book Genre, Myth, and Convention in the French Cinema, 1929-1939 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press), Crisp says that Le Collier de la reine was "'merely' sonorized, not dialogued" (p. 381), but all other available detailed descriptions (including his own from 1997) mention a dialogue sequence. Note also that Crisp gives October 31 as the debut date of Les Trois masques and Cine-studies gives its release ("sortie") date as November 2. Note finally, where Crisp defines in Genre, Myth, and Convention a "feature" as being a minimum of sixty minutes long, this article follows the equally common, and Wikipedia-prevalent, standard of forty minutes or longer.
  • See the January 25, 1930, New York Times review for a description.

pipex.com

aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com

rtve.es

terramedia.co.uk

tripod.com

pbhooshan.tripod.com

urbatorium.blogspot.com

visual.gi

  • admin (16 de julio de 2015). «Las primeras cover girl». Visual: magazine de diseño, creatividad gráfica y comunicación. Consultado el 12 de abril de 2022. 

web.archive.org

  • If there was a drawback to the Elgéphone, it was apparently not a lack of volume. Dan Gilmore describes its predecessor technology in his 2004 essay "What's Louder than Loud? The Auxetophone": "Was the Auxetophone loud? It was painfully loud." For a more detailed report of Auxetophone-induced discomfort, see The Auxetophone and Other Compressed-Air Gramophones Archivado el 18 de septiembre de 2010 en Wayback Machine..
  • Motion Picture Sound 1910-1929 y Sound Recording Research at Bell Labs detailed chronologies; part of Steven E. Schoenherr's Recording Technology History resource.
  • Gomery (2005), pp. 42, 50. Véase también Motion Picture Sound 1910-1929, perhaps the best online source for details on these developments, though here it fails to note that Fox's original deal for the Western Electric technology involved a sublicensing arrangement.
  • How the Pictures Learned to Talk: The Emergence of German Sound Film Archivado el 9 de enero de 2010 en Wayback Machine. historical survey; part of the filmportal.de website.
  • Low (1997a), pp. 178, 203-205; Low (1997b), p. 183; Der Rote Kreis Archivado el 24 de junio de 2011 en Wayback Machine. Deutsches Filminstitut entry; Crafton (1997), pp. 432. Note also that IMDb.com incorrectly refers to Der Rote Kreis/The Crimson Circle as a British International Pictures (BIP) coproduction (it also spells Zelnik's first name "Frederic"). The authentic BIP production Kitty is sometimes included among the candidates for "first British talkie." In fact, the film was produced and premiered as a silent for its original 1928 release. The stars later came to New York to record dialogue, with which the film was rereleased in June 1929, after much better credentialed candidates. See sources cited above.
  • Crisp (1997), p. 103; Epinay ville du cinéma Archivado el 12 de junio de 2010 en Wayback Machine. part of the Epinay-sur-Seine municipal website; Le Collier de la reine All Movie Guide description by Hal Erickson; Le cinéma français en 1930 chronology also covering 1929; part of the Cine-studies website. In his 2002 book Genre, Myth, and Convention in the French Cinema, 1929-1939 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press), Crisp says that Le Collier de la reine was "'merely' sonorized, not dialogued" (p. 381), but all other available detailed descriptions (including his own from 1997) mention a dialogue sequence. Note also that Crisp gives October 31 as the debut date of Les Trois masques and Cine-studies gives its release ("sortie") date as November 2. Note finally, where Crisp defines in Genre, Myth, and Convention a "feature" as being a minimum of sixty minutes long, this article follows the equally common, and Wikipedia-prevalent, standard of forty minutes or longer.
  • Pradeep (2006); Narasimham (2006); Rajadhyaksha and Willemen (2002), p. 254; Tamil Cinema History—The Early Days: 1916-1936 Archivado el 11 de julio de 2000 en Wayback Machine. part of the IndoLink Tamil Cinema website.
  • Chapman (2003), p. 328; Rajadhyaksha and Willemen (2002), p. 255; Chatterji (1999), "The First Sound Films"; Bhuyan (2006), "Alam Ara: Platinum Jubilee of Sound in Indian Cinema." In March 1934 came the release of the first Kannada talking picture, Sathi Sulochana (Guy [2004]); Bhakta Dhruva (aka Dhruva Kumar) was released soon after, though it was actually completed first (Rajadhyaksha and Willemen [2002], pp. 258, 260). A few websites refer to the 1932 version of Heer Ranjha as the first Punjabi talkie; the most reliable sources all agree, however, that it is performed in Hindustani. The first Punjabi-language film is Pind di Kuri (aka Sheila; 1935). The first Assamese-language film, Joymati, also came out in 1935. Many websites echo each other in dating the first Oriya talkie, Sita Bibaha, as 1934, but the most authoritative and most detailed sources to definitively date it both give 1936 (Chapman [2003], p. 328; "Sita Bibaha: The First Oriya Cellulolid Romance" essay by Saswat Pattanayak—part of the Ornet Archives discussion list). The Rajadhyaksha and Willemen (2002) entry gives "1934?" (p. 260).
  • "Korean Cinema and Hollywood" essay by Oh Sungji; "Formation of Korean Film Industry Under Japanese Occupation".
  • El Género Musical Latinoamericano. 1.ª parte Archivado el 8 de agosto de 2012 en Wayback Machine. Jorge Alberto Grassi.
  • American Federation of Musicians/History Archivado el 5 de abril de 2007 en Wayback Machine. "1927 – With the release of the first 'talkie,' The Jazz Singer, orchestras in movie theaters were displaced. The AFM had its first encounter with wholesale unemployment brought about by technology. Within three years, 22,000 theater jobs for musicians who accompanied silent movies were lost, while only a few hundred jobs for musicians performing on soundtracks were created by the new technology. 1928 – While continuing to protest the loss of jobs due to the use of 'canned music' with motion pictures, the AFM set minimum wage scales for Vitaphone, Movietone and phonograph record work. Because synchronizing music with pictures for the movies was particularly difficult, the AFM was able to set high prices for this work."
  • Guy (2004); «Tamil Cinema History—The Early Days: 1916-1936.» Archivado el 11 de julio de 2000 en Wayback Machine.
  • Hay discrepancias respecto a la duración de la película. La página web para la película en el Deutsches Filminstitut página web de la película Archivado el 11 de marzo de 2007 en Wayback Machine. afirma que son 48 minutos; la ficha en el sitio web 35 Millimeter ficha afirma que son 40 minutos. Según filmportal.de «The Emergence of German Sound Film.» Archivado el 9 de enero de 2010 en Wayback Machine., es de «unos 40 minutos».