Lillis, Joanna (2018). Dark Shadows: Inside the Secret World of Kazakhstan. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 135. ISBN978-1-78673-451-8. «... has found no evidence in the archives of Stalin dreaming up a deliberate policy to exterminate the Kazakhs; he describes the Arsharshylyk instead as the tragic result of Soviet 'ineptitude and ignorance of the Kazakh way of life'.»
Sabol, Steven (2017). "The Touch of Civilization": Comparing American and Russian Internal Colonization. University Press of Colorado. p. 47. ISBN978-1-60732-550-5. JSTORj.ctt1mtz7g6. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1mtz7g6. «Most Kazakh scholars believe that between 1.3 to 1.5 million Kazakhs died during the famine, which they frequently describe as genocide; but many western scholars disagree. Historian Sarah Isabel Cameron's meticulous research led her to conclude, 'there is no evidence to indicate that these plans for violent modernization [collectivization] ever became transformed into a desire to eliminate the Kazakhs as a group'.»
Dudoignon, Stéphane A. (2021). Central Eurasian Reader. Central Eurasian Reader: A Biennial Journal of Critical Bibliography and Epistemology of Central Eurasian Studies 2. Klaus Schwarz Verlag. p. 295. ISBN978-3-11-240039-5. S2CID242907417. doi:10.1515/9783112400395 – via De Gruyter. «Ohayon argues that the death of between a quarter and a third of the Kazakh population was not intentional. She finds neither evidence nor motive for the deliberate starvation of the Kazakh population concluding that the Kazakh famine did not constitute a genocide under international juridical standards (365). ... Overall the study impresses with its comprehensive and original analysis.»
PIANCIOLA, NICCOLÒ (1 de enero de 2001). «The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933». Harvard Ukrainian Studies25 (3/4): 237-251. JSTOR41036834. doi:10.2307/41036834.
Matthew J. Payne (2011). «Seeing like a Soviet State: Settlement of Nomadic Kazakhs, 1928–1934». En Golfo Alexopoulos; Julie Hessler; Kiril Tomoff, eds. Writing the Stalin Era(en inglés) (Palgrave Macmillan): 60. doi:10.1057/9780230116429_5. «However, the famine in Kazakhstan —and its concomitant epidemics— was not simply a reflection of general dearth; deaths were highly ethnicized and disproportionately affected nomads. Relatively few of Kazakhstan’s European peasant colonists died in the famine.».
Sabol, Steven (2017). "The Touch of Civilization": Comparing American and Russian Internal Colonization. University Press of Colorado. p. 47. ISBN978-1-60732-550-5. JSTORj.ctt1mtz7g6. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1mtz7g6. «Most Kazakh scholars believe that between 1.3 to 1.5 million Kazakhs died during the famine, which they frequently describe as genocide; but many western scholars disagree. Historian Sarah Isabel Cameron's meticulous research led her to conclude, 'there is no evidence to indicate that these plans for violent modernization [collectivization] ever became transformed into a desire to eliminate the Kazakhs as a group'.»
harvard.edu
daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu
Cameron, Sarah (20 de mayo de 2020). «Remembering the Kazakh Famine». Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies. Harvard University. Consultado el 29 de diciembre de 2021. «There is no evidence to indicate that Stalin planned the famine on purpose or sought to destroy all Kazakhs.»
Pianciola, Niccolò (1 de enero de 2001). «The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933». Harvard Ukrainian Studies25 (3/4): 237-251. JSTOR41036834. PMID20034146.
Sabol, Steven (2017). "The Touch of Civilization": Comparing American and Russian Internal Colonization. University Press of Colorado. p. 47. ISBN978-1-60732-550-5. JSTORj.ctt1mtz7g6. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1mtz7g6. «Most Kazakh scholars believe that between 1.3 to 1.5 million Kazakhs died during the famine, which they frequently describe as genocide; but many western scholars disagree. Historian Sarah Isabel Cameron's meticulous research led her to conclude, 'there is no evidence to indicate that these plans for violent modernization [collectivization] ever became transformed into a desire to eliminate the Kazakhs as a group'.»
PIANCIOLA, NICCOLÒ (1 de enero de 2001). «The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933». Harvard Ukrainian Studies25 (3/4): 237-251. JSTOR41036834. doi:10.2307/41036834.
Pianciola, Niccolò (1 de enero de 2001). «The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933». Harvard Ukrainian Studies25 (3/4): 237-251. JSTOR41036834. PMID20034146.
Pannier, Bruce (28 de diciembre de 2007). «Kazakhstan: The Forgotten Famine». RFERL. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Consultado el 9 de julio de 2015.
Ohayon, Isabelle (28 de septiembre de 2013). «The Kazakh Famine: The Beginnings of Sedentarization». Sciences Po. Paris Institute of Political Studies. Consultado el 19 de diciembre de 2021. «In the early 1990s, some Kazakh historians (Abylkhozhin, Tatimov) characterized the famine as 'Goloshchyokin's genocide,' attributing sole responsibility for this tragedy to the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and accentuating his contempt towards the people, whom perceived as backwards. Although unmentioned in the magnum opus of the history of Kazakhstan (Istorija Kazakhstana s drevnejshyhvremen do nashihdnej, 2010: 284 et sqq.), the genocide argument currently found in certain textbooks were to some extent an empty exercise because it was not based on the international legal definition of genocide and did not go particularly far in terms of evidence. Instead, these arguments were consistent with the official Soviet contention that considered that the forced resignation of Goloshchyokin and his replacement by Mirzojan reveal that the entire episode was the work of a single man. Although it has been demonstrated and acknowledged that as political leader, Goloshchyokin played a key role in covering up the full extent of increases in mortality between 1930 and 1933, it remains there is scant evidence of a desire on the part of the government or particular individuals to exterminate the Kazakhs as a group, or even to identify compelling motives for such a deliberate strategy. Indeed, the Kazakh population never represented a political danger for the Soviet government, nor did the protest movement or secessionist leanings among the population at any time imperil Soviet territorial integrity (Ohayon, 2006: 365).»
Dudoignon, Stéphane A. (2021). Central Eurasian Reader. Central Eurasian Reader: A Biennial Journal of Critical Bibliography and Epistemology of Central Eurasian Studies 2. Klaus Schwarz Verlag. p. 295. ISBN978-3-11-240039-5. S2CID242907417. doi:10.1515/9783112400395 – via De Gruyter. «Ohayon argues that the death of between a quarter and a third of the Kazakh population was not intentional. She finds neither evidence nor motive for the deliberate starvation of the Kazakh population concluding that the Kazakh famine did not constitute a genocide under international juridical standards (365). ... Overall the study impresses with its comprehensive and original analysis.»
springer.com
link.springer.com
Matthew J. Payne (2011). «Seeing like a Soviet State: Settlement of Nomadic Kazakhs, 1928–1934». En Golfo Alexopoulos; Julie Hessler; Kiril Tomoff, eds. Writing the Stalin Era(en inglés) (Palgrave Macmillan): 60. doi:10.1057/9780230116429_5. «However, the famine in Kazakhstan —and its concomitant epidemics— was not simply a reflection of general dearth; deaths were highly ethnicized and disproportionately affected nomads. Relatively few of Kazakhstan’s European peasant colonists died in the famine.».
