Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
, edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-530513-5. (See also: quick reference.) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'"
Özdemir, İbrahim. 2014. "Environment." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam
, edited by I. Kalin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-981257-8. "When Meccan pagans demanded proofs, signs, or miracles for the existence of God, the Qurʾān's response was to direct their gaze at nature's complexity, regularity, and order. The early verses of the Qurʾān, therefore, reveal an invitation to examine and investigate the heavens and the earth, and everything that can be seen in the environment.... The Qurʾān thus makes it clear that everything in Creation is a miraculous sign of God (āyah), inviting human beings to contemplate the Creator."
King, David A. (1983). «The Astronomy of the Mamluks». Isis74 (4): 531-55. doi:10.1086/353360.
Shil, Mahmoud Isma`il & `Abdul-Wahid, `Abdur-Rahman. «The Well of Zam zam». IslamOnline. Archivado desde el original el 27 de noviembre de 2005. Consultado el 6 de junio de 2005.
Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
, edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-530513-5. (See also: quick reference.) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'"
Lippman, Thomas W. 7 April 2008. "No God But God." U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 24 May 2020. "Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others."
Shil, Mahmoud Isma`il & `Abdul-Wahid, `Abdur-Rahman. «The Well of Zam zam». IslamOnline. Archivado desde el original el 27 de noviembre de 2005. Consultado el 6 de junio de 2005.
