Phillips, Richard Phillips; Frost, Diane; and Singleton, Alex (March 2013). "Researching the Riots", The Geographical Journal, Vol. 179, No. 1:
"There has been much speculation about the causes and meanings of the riots that swept through English cities in August 2011...
"These disturbances began on 6 August following the police shooting of Mark Duggan, a black resident of Tottenham, North London. Over the following days, they spread within London and to other English cities....
"There were no riots in English cities such as Sheffield and Newcastle, and the streets of Welsh and Scottish cities remained equally calm."
