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Bitcoin (French Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bitcoin" in French language version.

Last modified:

Ref.Un. Ref.Website
Global rank French rank
2424web.archive.org
1st place
2nd place
2115doi.org
2nd place
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2017lemonde.fr
60th place
5th place
1711issn.org
33rd place
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1414wikiwix.com
103rd place
7th place
1414googleusercontent.com
144th place
12th place
1210bitcoin.it
low place
low place
1010lesechos.fr
481st place
29th place
108ssrn.com
907th place
1,991st place
96cointelegraph.com
low place
low place
88latribune.fr
2,344th place
178th place
88github.com
380th place
460th place
85capital.fr
3,288th place
233rd place
84economie.gouv.fr
8,508th place
634th place
76europa.eu
62nd place
68th place
65bfmtv.com
604th place
43rd place
55cnbc.com
303rd place
682nd place
55bitcoin.fr
low place
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55bitcoinmagazine.com
low place
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54liberation.fr
189th place
18th place
54nytimes.com
7th place
25th place
44bloomberg.com
118th place
292nd place
44forbes.com
71st place
171st place
44reuters.com
38th place
87th place
44coindesk.com
low place
7,983rd place
44lefigaro.fr
116th place
10th place
44blockchain.info
low place
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44cryptocoinsnews.com
low place
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43bitcoin.org
low place
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42theconversation.com
840th place
350th place
42univ-lille.fr
low place
760th place
43zorinaq.com
low place
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42banque-france.fr
low place
1,353rd place
41sciencedirect.com
137th place
99th place
33numerama.com
5,356th place
355th place
33journalducoin.com
low place
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33theguardian.com
16th place
36th place
3320minutes.fr
716th place
45th place
33bitcoin.com
low place
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33themerkle*antispam*.com
low place
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33businessam.be
low place
8,814th place
33legifrance.gouv.fr
148th place
16th place
33wsj.com
94th place
272nd place
33clubic.com
8,298th place
584th place
33lexpress.fr
463rd place
30th place
32la-croix.com
969th place
67th place
32france24.com
344th place
115th place
31bitcoinblockhalf.com
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33admin.ch
135th place
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22planb.network
low place
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22unicode.org
691st place
402nd place
22technologyreview.com
2,515th place
2,874th place
22cryptoast.fr
low place
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22asiatimes.com
6,736th place
9,728th place
22forbes.fr
low place
1,056th place
22unenumerated.blogspot.com
low place
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22telegraph.co.uk
40th place
121st place
22medium.com
651st place
797th place
22blockchain.com
low place
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22qz.com
1,740th place
2,956th place
22blockstream.com
low place
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22beincrypto.com
low place
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22assemblee-nationale.fr
789th place
96th place
22amf-france.org
low place
4,369th place
22impots.gouv.fr
low place
914th place
22gov.uk
401st place
1,059th place
22ladepeche.fr
754th place
51st place
22coincenter.org
low place
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22digiconomist.net
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22thecointribune.com
low place
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22springer.com
182nd place
214th place
21basiq.ro
low place
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22newsweek.com
371st place
659th place
21worldcat.org
4th place
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22ouishare.net
low place
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21ibtimes.co.uk
2,363rd place
2,385th place
22lapresse.ca
935th place
81st place
22zonebourse.com
5,149th place
340th place
21thecryptoassociate.com
low place
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21bitnodes.io
low place
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21questionchine.net
low place
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22levif.be
6,190th place
503rd place
21arcatle.com
low place
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21cell.com
2,821st place
1,175th place
21buybitcoinworldwide.com
low place
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11newyorker.com
191st place
396th place
11solutions-numeriques.com
low place
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11cryptomus.com
low place
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11fortune.com
647th place
1,025th place
11thenextweb.com
2,998th place
3,644th place
11venturebeat.com
831st place
1,325th place
11coinbase.com
low place
low place
11books.google.fr
125th place
9th place
11parismatch.be
low place
1,639th place
11washingtonpost.com
35th place
130th place
11leparisien.fr
196th place
19th place
11jeuxvideo.com
1,243rd place
112th place
11jochen-hoenicke.de
low place
low place
11ccn.com
low place
low place
11businessinsider.com
201st place
483rd place
11independent.co.uk
46th place
141st place
11canardcoincoin.com
low place
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11finance.yahoo.com
894th place
1,379th place
11arkm.com
low place
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11techstory.in
low place
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11futura-sciences.com
4,242nd place
274th place
11arstechnica.com
473rd place
779th place
11ouest-france.fr
273rd place
23rd place
11huffingtonpost.fr
1,335th place
100th place
11blog.wordpress.com
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11redditblog.com
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11bbc.co.uk
11th place
44th place
11theglobeandmail.com
336th place
651st place
11coinatmradar.com
low place
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11cryptobiz.fr
low place
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11engadget.com
613th place
1,106th place
11cryptoactu.com
low place
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11investing.com
low place
8,492nd place
11sourceforge.net
1,842nd place
1,867th place
11maxkeiser.com
low place
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11scribd.com
467th place
599th place
11journaldunet.com
4,376th place
442nd place
11wired.com
254th place
481st place
11youtube.com
13th place
21st place
11nostate.com
low place
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11coinmarketcap.com
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11bitcoincharts.com
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11achat-bitcoins.com
low place
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11sharesmagazine.co.uk
low place
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11u.today
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11tradingsat.com
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2,376th place
11actufinance.fr
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11worldscientific.com
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9,224th place
11whitehouse.gov
1,846th place
1,797th place
11federalreserve.gov
4,398th place
8,970th place
11bitcointalk.org
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11bitcoinxt.software
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11bitcoinclassic.com
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11bitcoinunlimited.info
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11forklog.com
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11blockchain-info.fr
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11cbslocal.com
1,062nd place
2,498th place
11rhonefm.ch
low place
7,557th place
11arbiteronline.com
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11poly.edu
low place
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11phys.org
1,595th place
2,523rd place
11e15.cz
6,605th place
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11theregister.co.uk
1,877th place
2,596th place
11purdueexponent.org
low place
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11usine-digitale.fr
low place
936th place
11investopedia.com
2,021st place
4,132nd place
11challenges.fr
2,002nd place
152nd place
11econinfosec.org
low place
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11magelan-software.eu
low place
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11bitinfocharts.com
low place
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11cnetfrance.fr
low place
1,925th place
11litebit.eu
low place
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11findlaw.com
2,070th place
3,678th place
11bitcoincours.com
low place
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11boursier.com
low place
1,062nd place
11elwatan.com
7,830th place
713th place
11smh.com.au
154th place
465th place
11regulationtomorrow.com
low place
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11nbb.be
low place
8,434th place
11canada.ca
1,114th place
813th place
11courrierinternational.com
2,667th place
184th place
11bitcoin%20prices%20propped%20up%20by%20south%20korea%20regulation
low place
low place
11senate.gov
707th place
2,296th place
11pcworld.com
1,889th place
2,772nd place
11franceinfo.fr
1,540th place
119th place
11foxbusiness.com
4,024th place
8,071st place
11village-*antispam*justice.com
low place
low place
11lepoint.fr
488th place
33rd place
11kontan.co.id
8,228th place
low place
11japantimes.co.jp
407th place
502nd place
11nikkei.com
169th place
2,150th place
11bitflyer.com
low place
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11cssf.lu
low place
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11luxembourgforfinance.com
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11bnm.gov.my
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11oc.gov.ma
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11rbnz.govt.nz
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11bsp.gov.ph
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11franceinter.fr
2,431st place
175th place
11kommersant.ru
200th place
1,821st place
11asamblea.gob.sv
low place
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11rfi.fr
420th place
49th place
11loc.gov
63rd place
192nd place
11businessinsider.com.au
low place
low place
11lesnumeriques.com
8,769th place
592nd place
11cryptonews.com
low place
low place
11swissinfo.ch
1,180th place
535th place
11rts.ch
1,773rd place
140th place
11huffpostmaghreb.com
9,821st place
782nd place
11vnexpress.net
787th place
5,581st place
11coinreport.net
low place
low place
11cairn.info
574th place
40th place
11groups.google.com
2,153rd place
2,946th place
11developpez.com
low place
2,709th place
11madore.org
low place
9,601st place
11owni.fr
low place
7,216th place
11antipope.org
low place
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11laruche.it
low place
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11michelcastel.com
low place
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11h24info.ma
low place
1,989th place
11welt.de
255th place
865th place
11express.co.uk
796th place
859th place
11zdnet.fr
low place
742nd place
11newsbtc.com
low place
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11europe-consommateurs.eu
low place
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11lavoixdunord.fr
1,288th place
103rd place
11jeanmarc-sylvestre.com
low place
low place
11reason.com
2,693rd place
6,783rd place
11cato.org
5,032nd place
9,340th place
11centralbank.org.bb
low place
low place
11hal.science
2,005th place
258th place
11bitcoincollective.co
low place
low place
11reddit.com
1,712th place
1,555th place
11cbsnews.com
136th place
413th place
11comprendrebitcoin.com
low place
low place
11pme.ch
low place
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11nature.com
207th place
147th place
11revolution-energetique.com
low place
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11cam.ac.uk
569th place
949th place
11ccaf.io
low place
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11kpmg.com
low place
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11batcoinz.com
low place
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11fi.se
low place
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11elsevier.com
365th place
210th place
11cityam.com
5,756th place
low place
11financemagnates.com
low place
low place
11worldbank.org
280th place
711th place
11weblaw.ch
low place
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11ieee.org
912th place
801st place
11jpmorganchase.com
low place
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11ledger.com
low place
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11kraken.com
low place
low place
11bitcointreasuries.net
low place
low place
11steemit.com
low place
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11wikia.com
2,071st place
883rd place

20minutes.fr (Global: 716th place; French: 45th place)

achat-bitcoins.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

actufinance.fr (Global: low place; French: low place)

admin.ch (Global: 135th place; French: 77th place)

admin.ch

newsd.admin.ch

news.admin.ch

  • Rapport du Conseil fédéral sur les monnaies virtuelles en réponse aux postulats Schwaab (13.3687) et Weibel (13.4070), daté du 25 juin 2014 | Ce rapport est une réponse aux questions posées à l'automne 2013 par les conseillers nationaux Jean-Christophe Schwaab (postulat 13.3687) et Thomas Weibel (postulat 13.4070) qui ont demandé au Conseil fédéral de présenter un rapport mettant en lumière les avantages et les inconvénients du bitcoin pour la place financière suisse et analysant la situation juridique de cette monnaie virtuelle. Ce rapport, établi sous la direction du Département fédéral des finances (DFF), en collaboration avec le Département fédéral de justice et police (DFJP), la Banque nationale suisse (BNS) et l'Autorité fédérale de surveillance des marchés financiers (FINMA) devait aussi rendre compte de l'évolution de la réglementation à l'étranger| (voir p. 23), [PDF].

amf-france.org (Global: low place; French: 4,369th place)

antipope.org (Global: low place; French: low place)

arbiteronline.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

arcatle.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

blog.arcatle.com

arkm.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

intel.arkm.com

  • « Arkham », sur intel.arkm.com (consulté le )

arstechnica.com (Global: 473rd place; French: 779th place)

asamblea.gob.sv (Global: low place; French: low place)

asiatimes.com (Global: 6,736th place; French: 9,728th place)

assemblee-nationale.fr (Global: 789th place; French: 96th place)

banque-france.fr (Global: low place; French: 1,353rd place)

abc-economie.banque-france.fr

acpr.banque-france.fr

basiq.ro (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • Le symbole « BTC » ne répond pas aux règles de la norme ISO 4217 qui normalise les codes des monnaies, « BT » étant le préfixe correspondant au Bhoutan. Cependant, pour permettre l’utilisation du Bitcoin sur certains marchés et services financiers qui ont l’obligation de suivre cette norme, le symbole « XBT » est parfois utilisé, « X » étant le préfixe pour les instruments de transaction qui ne sont pas des monnaies nationales, comme les devises supranationales ou les métaux précieux. Ce symbole n'est pas reconnu pour autant par l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO). Cf. (en) Carol Alexander et Arben Imeraj, « Introducing the BITIX: The Bitcoin Fear Gauge », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3383734, lire en ligne) :
    « XBT satisfies the norm ‘ISO 4217’ by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) as BTC goes against the name of Bhutan’s currency. In general, transaction instruments that are not national currencies, like gold or silver, begin with an X. However, the symbol XBT is not officially recognised by ISO. »
    et (en) Pasquale Giungato, Roberto Leonardo Rana, Caterina Tricase et Zenon Foltynowicz, « Standards for the New Economy », 7th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption,‎ (DOI 10.24818/BASIQ/2021/07/057, lire en ligne) :
    « To allow Bitcoin to enter the database tables used by MasterCard, PayPal, SWIFT, Visa, an ISO currency code is needed as regulated by the ISO 4217:2018 that defines alpha-numeric codes for the representation of currencies. Bitcoin in this standard may have the first alpha code as ”X” used for supranational currencies, procedural purposes, and several precious metals which are similar to currencies (ISO 4217:2018). In this case, the code for Bitcoin may be the “XBT” […] »
    Les cryptomonnaies ont une norme ISO spécifique : ISO 24165.

batcoinz.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; French: 44th place)

beincrypto.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

fr.beincrypto.com

bfmtv.com (Global: 604th place; French: 43rd place)

bitcoin%20prices%20propped%20up%20by%20south%20korea%20regulation (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoin.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

news.bitcoin.com

bitcoin.fr (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoin.it (Global: low place; French: low place)

en.bitcoin.it

bitcoin.org (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoinblockhalf.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoincharts.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoinclassic.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoincollective.co (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • (en-US) admin, « How Bitcoin Mining Works », sur Bitcoin Collective, (consulté le ).

bitcoincours.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoinmagazine.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcointalk.org (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcointreasuries.net (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoinunlimited.info (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitcoinxt.software (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitflyer.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitinfocharts.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

bitnodes.io (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • (en) « Bitnodes », sur bitnodes.io (consulté le ).

blockchain-info.fr (Global: low place; French: low place)

blockchain.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • « Blockchain.com Explorer », sur Blockchain.com (consulté le ).
  • « Hash Rate », The estimated number of tera hashes per second (trillions of hashes per second) the Bitcoin network is performing (consulté le ).

blockchain.info (Global: low place; French: low place)

blockstream.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

blog.wordpress.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

en.blog.wordpress.com

bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; French: 292nd place)

  • (en) Timothy Lavin, « The SEC Shows Why Bitcoin Is Doomed », sur Bloomberg View, (consulté le ).
  • (en) « Fed Hikes 75 Basis Points; Powell Says 75 or 50 Likely in July », Bloomberg.com,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) « China Widens Ban on Crypto Transactions; Bitcoin Tumbles », Bloomberg.com,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Yuliya Fedorinova, « Bitcoin Mining Comes to the Arctic Circle », Bloomsberg,‎ (lire en ligne).

bnm.gov.my (Global: low place; French: low place)

books.google.fr (Global: 125th place; French: 9th place)

  • Philippe Herlin, Bitcoin : comprendre et investir: Guide pratique des cryptomonnaies : bitcoin, ethereum, finance décentralisée, nft, etc., Eyrolles, (ISBN 978-2-212-92012-3, lire en ligne).

boursier.com (Global: low place; French: 1,062nd place)

bsp.gov.ph (Global: low place; French: low place)

businessam.be (Global: low place; French: 8,814th place)

fr.businessam.be

businessinsider.com (Global: 201st place; French: 483rd place)

markets.businessinsider.com

businessinsider.com.au (Global: low place; French: low place)

buybitcoinworldwide.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

cairn.info (Global: 574th place; French: 40th place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569th place; French: 949th place)

jbs.cam.ac.uk

canada.ca (Global: 1,114th place; French: 813th place)

canardcoincoin.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

capital.fr (Global: 3,288th place; French: 233rd place)

cato.org (Global: 5,032nd place; French: 9,340th place)

cbslocal.com (Global: 1,062nd place; French: 2,498th place)

washington.cbslocal.com

cbsnews.com (Global: 136th place; French: 413th place)

ccaf.io (Global: low place; French: low place)

ccn.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

cell.com (Global: 2,821st place; French: 1,175th place)

  • (en) Alex de Vries (Fondateur du site Digiconomist), « Bitcoin's Growing Energy Problem », Joule, vol. 2, no 5,‎ , p. 801-805 (lire en ligne).

centralbank.org.bb (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • Central Bank of Barbados, « Book Review: », sur centralbank.org.bb.

challenges.fr (Global: 2,002nd place; French: 152nd place)

cityam.com (Global: 5,756th place; French: low place)

  • (en) Courtney Goldsmith, « Jamie Dimon faces market abuse report after his comments about bitcoin », CityAM.com, London's first free daily business newspaper,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

clubic.com (Global: 8,298th place; French: 584th place)

clubic.com

pro.clubic.com

cnbc.com (Global: 303rd place; French: 682nd place)

cnetfrance.fr (Global: low place; French: 1,925th place)

coinatmradar.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

coinbase.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

coincenter.org (Global: low place; French: low place)

coindesk.com (Global: low place; French: 7,983rd place)

coinmarketcap.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

coinreport.net (Global: low place; French: low place)

cointelegraph.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

cointelegraph.com

fr.cointelegraph.com

comprendrebitcoin.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

courrierinternational.com (Global: 2,667th place; French: 184th place)

cryptoactu.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • « Les entreprises de l'Ohio pourront payer leurs taxes en Bitcoin », CryptoActu,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

cryptoast.fr (Global: low place; French: low place)

cryptobiz.fr (Global: low place; French: low place)

cryptocoinsnews.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

cryptomus.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

cryptonews.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

fr.cryptonews.com

cssf.lu (Global: low place; French: low place)

developpez.com (Global: low place; French: 2,709th place)

digiconomist.net (Global: low place; French: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; French: 3rd place)

dx.doi.org

  • Le symbole « BTC » ne répond pas aux règles de la norme ISO 4217 qui normalise les codes des monnaies, « BT » étant le préfixe correspondant au Bhoutan. Cependant, pour permettre l’utilisation du Bitcoin sur certains marchés et services financiers qui ont l’obligation de suivre cette norme, le symbole « XBT » est parfois utilisé, « X » étant le préfixe pour les instruments de transaction qui ne sont pas des monnaies nationales, comme les devises supranationales ou les métaux précieux. Ce symbole n'est pas reconnu pour autant par l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO). Cf. (en) Carol Alexander et Arben Imeraj, « Introducing the BITIX: The Bitcoin Fear Gauge », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3383734, lire en ligne) :
    « XBT satisfies the norm ‘ISO 4217’ by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) as BTC goes against the name of Bhutan’s currency. In general, transaction instruments that are not national currencies, like gold or silver, begin with an X. However, the symbol XBT is not officially recognised by ISO. »
    et (en) Pasquale Giungato, Roberto Leonardo Rana, Caterina Tricase et Zenon Foltynowicz, « Standards for the New Economy », 7th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption,‎ (DOI 10.24818/BASIQ/2021/07/057, lire en ligne) :
    « To allow Bitcoin to enter the database tables used by MasterCard, PayPal, SWIFT, Visa, an ISO currency code is needed as regulated by the ISO 4217:2018 that defines alpha-numeric codes for the representation of currencies. Bitcoin in this standard may have the first alpha code as ”X” used for supranational currencies, procedural purposes, and several precious metals which are similar to currencies (ISO 4217:2018). In this case, the code for Bitcoin may be the “XBT” […] »
    Les cryptomonnaies ont une norme ISO spécifique : ISO 24165.
  • (en) Paolo Tasca, Shaowen Liu et Adam Hayes, « The Evolution of the Bitcoin Economy: Extracting and Analyzing the Network of Payment Relationships », Social Science Research Network,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.2808762, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Timothy Peterson, « To the Moon: A History of Bitcoin Price Manipulation », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3639431, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) J. Donier et J. Bonart, « A Million Metaorder Analysis of Market Impact on the Bitcoin », worldscientific.com (Atypon), vol. 01, no 02,‎ , p. 1550008 (ISSN 2382-6266, DOI 10.1142/S2382626615500082, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Julien Riposo, « Halving and Cycles Theorem », dans Some Fundamentals of Mathematics of Blockchain, Springer Nature Switzerland, (ISBN 978-3-031-31323-3, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-31323-3_5, lire en ligne), p. 71-87.
  • (en) Thomas S. Umlauft, « Is Bitcoin Money? An Economic-Historical Analysis of Money, Its Functions and Its Prerequisites », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3182646, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • Thibault Langlois-Berthelot, La blockchain au regard du droit et de l'identité (Thèse de doctorat en droit et sciences sociales), (DOI 10.70675/5186881fzb097z4083zb99dz309f56dc488f Accès libre, HAL tel-04190658, lire en ligne Accès libre), Annexe 6, p. 442-459 :
    « Sur le plan strictement informatique, lors du processus de minage, une machine de type ASIC reçoit via les protocoles conventionnels d'Internet (TCP/IP) un problème et un calcul mathématique à résoudre. Une fois ce défi mathématique reçu, l'ASIC le résout localement grâce à sa puissance de calcul puis le diffuse en P2P via une connexion internet pouvant être minime. Une fois diffusé, il soumet à confirmation sa solution aux autres ASIC puis nœuds du réseau qui l'audite, c'est-à-dire qu'ils vérifient que cette preuve de travail résolue est correcte. »
    .
  • Alex de Vries, Ulrich Gallersdörfer, Lena Klaaßen et Christian Stoll, « Revisiting Bitcoin’s carbon footprint », Joule, vol. 6, no 3,‎ , p. 498–502 (ISSN 2542-4351, DOI 10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.005, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) « Policy assessments for the carbon emission flows and sustainability of Bitcoin blockchain operation in China », Nature Communications,‎ (DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3, lire en ligne).
  • (en) Alex de Vries et Christian Stoll, « Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem », Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 175,‎ , p. 105901 (DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Tyler Moore, Jie Han et Richard Clayton, The Postmodern Ponzi Scheme: Empirical Analysis of High-Yield Investment Programs, vol. 7397, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, , 41-56 p. (ISBN 978-3-642-32945-6, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_4, lire en ligne).
  • (en) Malte Möser et Rainer Böhme, « Anonymous Alone? Measuring Bitcoin's Second-Generation Anonymization Techniques », 2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS PW),‎ , p. 32–41 (DOI 10.1109/EuroSPW.2017.48, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Massimo Bartoletti, Barbara Pes et Sergio Serusi, « Data Mining for Detecting Bitcoin Ponzi Schemes », 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), IEEE,‎ (DOI 10.1109/cvcbt.2018.00014).
  • (en) Marie Vasek et Tyler Moore, Analyzing the Bitcoin Ponzi Scheme Ecosystem, vol. 10958, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, , 101-112 p. (ISBN 978-3-662-58819-2, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-58820-8_8, lire en ligne).

doi.org

e15.cz (Global: 6,605th place; French: low place)

econinfosec.org (Global: low place; French: low place)

economie.gouv.fr (Global: 8,508th place; French: 634th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; French: 210th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

  • (en) Alex de Vries et Christian Stoll, « Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem », Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 175,‎ , p. 105901 (DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901, lire en ligne, consulté le ).

elwatan.com (Global: 7,830th place; French: 713th place)

engadget.com (Global: 613th place; French: 1,106th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; French: 68th place)

ecb.europa.eu

europol.europa.eu

eba.europa.eu

curia.europa.eu

europe-consommateurs.eu (Global: low place; French: low place)

express.co.uk (Global: 796th place; French: 859th place)

  • Taryn Tarrant-Cornish, « ‘Terrorist dream come true' ISIS using Bitcoin to fund deadly attacks and buy weapons », Daily Express,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

federalreserve.gov (Global: 4,398th place; French: 8,970th place)

  • Réserve fédérale américaine (2024). Transcription d'une conférence de presse de Jerome Powell le 18 décembre 2024 [lire en ligne].

fi.se (Global: low place; French: low place)

finance.yahoo.com (Global: 894th place; French: 1,379th place)

sg.finance.yahoo.com

financemagnates.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

findlaw.com (Global: 2,070th place; French: 3,678th place)

forbes.com (Global: 71st place; French: 171st place)

forbes.fr (Global: low place; French: 1,056th place)

forklog.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

fortune.com (Global: 647th place; French: 1,025th place)

foxbusiness.com (Global: 4,024th place; French: 8,071st place)

france24.com (Global: 344th place; French: 115th place)

franceinfo.fr (Global: 1,540th place; French: 119th place)

franceinter.fr (Global: 2,431st place; French: 175th place)

futura-sciences.com (Global: 4,242nd place; French: 274th place)

github.com (Global: 380th place; French: 460th place)

googleusercontent.com (Global: 144th place; French: 12th place)

webcache.googleusercontent.com

gov.uk (Global: 401st place; French: 1,059th place)

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153rd place; French: 2,946th place)

h24info.ma (Global: low place; French: 1,989th place)

hal.science (Global: 2,005th place; French: 258th place)

  • Thibault Langlois-Berthelot, La blockchain au regard du droit et de l'identité (Thèse de doctorat en droit et sciences sociales), (DOI 10.70675/5186881fzb097z4083zb99dz309f56dc488f Accès libre, HAL tel-04190658, lire en ligne Accès libre), Annexe 6, p. 442-459 :
    « Sur le plan strictement informatique, lors du processus de minage, une machine de type ASIC reçoit via les protocoles conventionnels d'Internet (TCP/IP) un problème et un calcul mathématique à résoudre. Une fois ce défi mathématique reçu, l'ASIC le résout localement grâce à sa puissance de calcul puis le diffuse en P2P via une connexion internet pouvant être minime. Une fois diffusé, il soumet à confirmation sa solution aux autres ASIC puis nœuds du réseau qui l'audite, c'est-à-dire qu'ils vérifient que cette preuve de travail résolue est correcte. »
    .

huffingtonpost.fr (Global: 1,335th place; French: 100th place)

huffpostmaghreb.com (Global: 9,821st place; French: 782nd place)

ibtimes.co.uk (Global: 2,363rd place; French: 2,385th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912th place; French: 801st place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

  • (en) Malte Möser et Rainer Böhme, « Anonymous Alone? Measuring Bitcoin's Second-Generation Anonymization Techniques », 2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS PW),‎ , p. 32–41 (DOI 10.1109/EuroSPW.2017.48, lire en ligne, consulté le ).

impots.gouv.fr (Global: low place; French: 914th place)

bofip.impots.gouv.fr

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; French: 141st place)

investing.com (Global: low place; French: 8,492nd place)

fr.investing.com

investopedia.com (Global: 2,021st place; French: 4,132nd place)

issn.org (Global: 33rd place; French: 4th place)

portal.issn.org

  • Le symbole « BTC » ne répond pas aux règles de la norme ISO 4217 qui normalise les codes des monnaies, « BT » étant le préfixe correspondant au Bhoutan. Cependant, pour permettre l’utilisation du Bitcoin sur certains marchés et services financiers qui ont l’obligation de suivre cette norme, le symbole « XBT » est parfois utilisé, « X » étant le préfixe pour les instruments de transaction qui ne sont pas des monnaies nationales, comme les devises supranationales ou les métaux précieux. Ce symbole n'est pas reconnu pour autant par l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO). Cf. (en) Carol Alexander et Arben Imeraj, « Introducing the BITIX: The Bitcoin Fear Gauge », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3383734, lire en ligne) :
    « XBT satisfies the norm ‘ISO 4217’ by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) as BTC goes against the name of Bhutan’s currency. In general, transaction instruments that are not national currencies, like gold or silver, begin with an X. However, the symbol XBT is not officially recognised by ISO. »
    et (en) Pasquale Giungato, Roberto Leonardo Rana, Caterina Tricase et Zenon Foltynowicz, « Standards for the New Economy », 7th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption,‎ (DOI 10.24818/BASIQ/2021/07/057, lire en ligne) :
    « To allow Bitcoin to enter the database tables used by MasterCard, PayPal, SWIFT, Visa, an ISO currency code is needed as regulated by the ISO 4217:2018 that defines alpha-numeric codes for the representation of currencies. Bitcoin in this standard may have the first alpha code as ”X” used for supranational currencies, procedural purposes, and several precious metals which are similar to currencies (ISO 4217:2018). In this case, the code for Bitcoin may be the “XBT” […] »
    Les cryptomonnaies ont une norme ISO spécifique : ISO 24165.
  • (en) Paolo Tasca, Shaowen Liu et Adam Hayes, « The Evolution of the Bitcoin Economy: Extracting and Analyzing the Network of Payment Relationships », Social Science Research Network,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.2808762, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Ryan Tracy, « Authorities See Worth of Bitcoin », Wall Street Journal,‎ (ISSN 0099-9660, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Nick Wingfield, « Bitcoin Pursues the Mainstream », The New York Times, (ISSN 0362-4331, consulté le ).
  • (en) Timothy Peterson, « To the Moon: A History of Bitcoin Price Manipulation », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3639431, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) J. Donier et J. Bonart, « A Million Metaorder Analysis of Market Impact on the Bitcoin », worldscientific.com (Atypon), vol. 01, no 02,‎ , p. 1550008 (ISSN 2382-6266, DOI 10.1142/S2382626615500082, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en) Chao Deng, « China Quietly Orders Closing of Bitcoin Mining Operations », The Wall Street Journal, (ISSN 0099-9660, consulté le ).
  • (en) Thomas S. Umlauft, « Is Bitcoin Money? An Economic-Historical Analysis of Money, Its Functions and Its Prerequisites », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3182646, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • Alex de Vries, Ulrich Gallersdörfer, Lena Klaaßen et Christian Stoll, « Revisiting Bitcoin’s carbon footprint », Joule, vol. 6, no 3,‎ , p. 498–502 (ISSN 2542-4351, DOI 10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.005, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en-US) Ephrat Livni, « Can Crypto Go Green? », The New York Times,‎ (ISSN 0362-4331, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • (en-US) Jon Huang et Claire O'Neill, « Bitcoin Uses More Electricity Than Many Countries. How Is That Possible? », sur The New York Times, (ISSN 0362-4331, consulté le ).

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407th place; French: 502nd place)

jeanmarc-sylvestre.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

jeuxvideo.com (Global: 1,243rd place; French: 112th place)

jochen-hoenicke.de (Global: low place; French: low place)

journalducoin.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

journaldunet.com (Global: 4,376th place; French: 442nd place)

jpmorganchase.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

kommersant.ru (Global: 200th place; French: 1,821st place)

  • « Все тайное станет майнинг », Kommersant,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

kontan.co.id (Global: 8,228th place; French: low place)

nasional.kontan.co.id

kpmg.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

kraken.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

la-croix.com (Global: 969th place; French: 67th place)

ladepeche.fr (Global: 754th place; French: 51st place)

  • ETX Daily Up, « En Russie, les cryptomonnaies seront réglementées comme une devise étrangère », La Dépêche,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).
  • Philippe Rioux @technomedia, « Toulouse. La charge du prix Nobel toulousain Jean Tirole contre le Bitcoin », La Dépêche,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

lapresse.ca (Global: 935th place; French: 81st place)

techno.lapresse.ca

lapresse.ca

laruche.it (Global: low place; French: low place)

latribune.fr (Global: 2,344th place; French: 178th place)

lavoixdunord.fr (Global: 1,288th place; French: 103rd place)

  • La Voix du Nord, « Le Bitcoin possible menace pour la stabilité financière, selon un gouverneur de la Fed », La Voix du Nord,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

ledger.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

lefigaro.fr (Global: 116th place; French: 10th place)

legifrance.gouv.fr (Global: 148th place; French: 16th place)

lemonde.fr (Global: 60th place; French: 5th place)

leparisien.fr (Global: 196th place; French: 19th place)

lepoint.fr (Global: 488th place; French: 33rd place)

  • « Un ancien de la Banque de France chargé d'une mission sur le bitcoin », Le Point,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

lesechos.fr (Global: 481st place; French: 29th place)

lesechos.fr

investir.lesechos.fr

lesnumeriques.com (Global: 8,769th place; French: 592nd place)

levif.be (Global: 6,190th place; French: 503rd place)

datanews.levif.be

m.trends.levif.be

lexpress.fr (Global: 463rd place; French: 30th place)

lexpansion.lexpress.fr

lexpress.fr

liberation.fr (Global: 189th place; French: 18th place)

litebit.eu (Global: low place; French: low place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; French: 192nd place)

luxembourgforfinance.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

madore.org (Global: low place; French: 9,601st place)

magelan-software.eu (Global: low place; French: low place)

maxkeiser.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

medium.com (Global: 651st place; French: 797th place)

michelcastel.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

nature.com (Global: 207th place; French: 147th place)

nbb.be (Global: low place; French: 8,434th place)

newsbtc.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371st place; French: 659th place)

mag.newsweek.com

newsweek.com

newyorker.com (Global: 191st place; French: 396th place)

nikkei.com (Global: 169th place; French: 2,150th place)

style.nikkei.com

nostate.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

numerama.com (Global: 5,356th place; French: 355th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; French: 25th place)

nytimes.com

krugman.blogs.nytimes.com

oc.gov.ma (Global: low place; French: low place)

ouest-france.fr (Global: 273rd place; French: 23rd place)

ouishare.net (Global: low place; French: low place)

magazine.ouishare.net

ouishare.net

owni.fr (Global: low place; French: 7,216th place)

parismatch.be (Global: low place; French: 1,639th place)

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889th place; French: 2,772nd place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595th place; French: 2,523rd place)

planb.network (Global: low place; French: low place)

pme.ch (Global: low place; French: low place)

blogs.pme.ch

poly.edu (Global: low place; French: low place)

wan.poly.edu

purdueexponent.org (Global: low place; French: low place)

questionchine.net (Global: low place; French: low place)

qz.com (Global: 1,740th place; French: 2,956th place)

rbnz.govt.nz (Global: low place; French: low place)

reason.com (Global: 2,693rd place; French: 6,783rd place)

reddit.com (Global: 1,712th place; French: 1,555th place)

redditblog.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

regulationtomorrow.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

reuters.com (Global: 38th place; French: 87th place)

revolution-energetique.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

rfi.fr (Global: 420th place; French: 49th place)

rhonefm.ch (Global: low place; French: 7,557th place)

rts.ch (Global: 1,773rd place; French: 140th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; French: 99th place)

scribd.com (Global: 467th place; French: 599th place)

fr.scribd.com

senate.gov (Global: 707th place; French: 2,296th place)

carper.senate.gov

sharesmagazine.co.uk (Global: low place; French: low place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154th place; French: 465th place)

solutions-numeriques.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842nd place; French: 1,867th place)

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; French: 214th place)

link.springer.com

ssrn.com (Global: 907th place; French: 1,991st place)

papers.ssrn.com

ssrn.com

  • Le symbole « BTC » ne répond pas aux règles de la norme ISO 4217 qui normalise les codes des monnaies, « BT » étant le préfixe correspondant au Bhoutan. Cependant, pour permettre l’utilisation du Bitcoin sur certains marchés et services financiers qui ont l’obligation de suivre cette norme, le symbole « XBT » est parfois utilisé, « X » étant le préfixe pour les instruments de transaction qui ne sont pas des monnaies nationales, comme les devises supranationales ou les métaux précieux. Ce symbole n'est pas reconnu pour autant par l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO). Cf. (en) Carol Alexander et Arben Imeraj, « Introducing the BITIX: The Bitcoin Fear Gauge », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3383734, lire en ligne) :
    « XBT satisfies the norm ‘ISO 4217’ by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) as BTC goes against the name of Bhutan’s currency. In general, transaction instruments that are not national currencies, like gold or silver, begin with an X. However, the symbol XBT is not officially recognised by ISO. »
    et (en) Pasquale Giungato, Roberto Leonardo Rana, Caterina Tricase et Zenon Foltynowicz, « Standards for the New Economy », 7th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption,‎ (DOI 10.24818/BASIQ/2021/07/057, lire en ligne) :
    « To allow Bitcoin to enter the database tables used by MasterCard, PayPal, SWIFT, Visa, an ISO currency code is needed as regulated by the ISO 4217:2018 that defines alpha-numeric codes for the representation of currencies. Bitcoin in this standard may have the first alpha code as ”X” used for supranational currencies, procedural purposes, and several precious metals which are similar to currencies (ISO 4217:2018). In this case, the code for Bitcoin may be the “XBT” […] »
    Les cryptomonnaies ont une norme ISO spécifique : ISO 24165.
  • (en) Timothy Peterson, « To the Moon: A History of Bitcoin Price Manipulation », SSRN Electronic Journal,‎ (ISSN 1556-5068, DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3639431, lire en ligne, consulté le ).

steemit.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

swissinfo.ch (Global: 1,180th place; French: 535th place)

technologyreview.com (Global: 2,515th place; French: 2,874th place)

techstory.in (Global: low place; French: low place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40th place; French: 121st place)

thecointribune.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

theconversation.com (Global: 840th place; French: 350th place)

thecryptoassociate.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336th place; French: 651st place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; French: 36th place)

themerkle*antispam*.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

thenextweb.com (Global: 2,998th place; French: 3,644th place)

theregister.co.uk (Global: 1,877th place; French: 2,596th place)

tradingsat.com (Global: low place; French: 2,376th place)

u.today (Global: low place; French: low place)

  • (en) « Bitcoin Returns Back Above $21,000 After Falling to $17,000 », U.Today,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

unenumerated.blogspot.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

unicode.org (Global: 691st place; French: 402nd place)

univ-lille.fr (Global: low place; French: 760th place)

cristal.univ-lille.fr

usine-digitale.fr (Global: low place; French: 936th place)

  • « La Chine interdit toutes les transactions de cryptomonnaies », L'Usine Digitale,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

venturebeat.com (Global: 831st place; French: 1,325th place)

village-*antispam*justice.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

vnexpress.net (Global: 787th place; French: 5,581st place)

e.vnexpress.net

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; French: 130th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; French: 2nd place)

weblaw.ch (Global: low place; French: low place)

jusletter.weblaw.ch

  • (de) Jean-Daniel Schmid / Alexander Schmid « Bitcoin – eine Einführung in die Funktionsweise sowie eine Auslegeordnung und erste Analyse möglicher rechtlicher Fragestellungen », dans Jusletter du 4 juin 2012, pp. 6-7 (résumé).

welt.de (Global: 255th place; French: 865th place)

  • (de) Thomas Vitzthum, « CSU auf Kampflinie gegen Islamisten und Terroristen », Die Welt,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le ).

whitehouse.gov (Global: 1,846th place; French: 1,797th place)

wikia.com (Global: 2,071st place; French: 883rd place)

bigbangtheory.wikia.com

wikiwix.com (Global: 103rd place; French: 7th place)

archive.wikiwix.com

wired.com (Global: 254th place; French: 481st place)

worldbank.org (Global: 280th place; French: 711th place)

documents.worldbank.org

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; French: 15th place)

worldscientific.com (Global: low place; French: 9,224th place)

  • (en) J. Donier et J. Bonart, « A Million Metaorder Analysis of Market Impact on the Bitcoin », worldscientific.com (Atypon), vol. 01, no 02,‎ , p. 1550008 (ISSN 2382-6266, DOI 10.1142/S2382626615500082, lire en ligne, consulté le ).

wsj.com (Global: 94th place; French: 272nd place)

wsj.com

blogs.wsj.com

youtube.com (Global: 13th place; French: 21st place)

zdnet.fr (Global: low place; French: 742nd place)

zonebourse.com (Global: 5,149th place; French: 340th place)

zonebourse.com

m.zonebourse.com

zorinaq.com (Global: low place; French: low place)

blog.zorinaq.com

zorinaq.com

  • (en) « Marc Bevand » (consulté le ).