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(en) Olesiuk, Ellis et Ford, « Life History and Population Dynamics of Northern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia », Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, (lire en ligne).
Robin W. Baird et Lawrence M. Dill, « Occurrence and behaviour of transient killer whales: seasonal and pod-specific variability, foraging behaviour, and prey handling », Canadian Journal of Zoolology, vol. 73, no 7, , p. 1300–1311 (DOI10.1139/z95-154, lire en ligne [PDF]).
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(en) L. G. Barrett-Lennard et G. M. Ellis, Population Structure and Genetic Variability in Northeastern Pacific Killer Whales : Towards an Assessment of Population Viability, Ottawa, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, , 35 p. (ISSN1480-4883, lire en ligne [PDF]).
(en) Phillip A. Morin, Morgan L. McCarthy, Charissa W. Fung, John W. Durban, Kim M. Parsons, William F. Perrin, Barbara L. Taylor, Thomas A. Jefferson et Frederick I. Archer, « Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg’s and resident ecotypes deserve species status », Royal Society Open Science, vol. 11, no 3, (ISSN2054-5703, PMID38545612, PMCIDPMC10966402, DOI10.1098/rsos.231368, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
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(en) MA Bigg, PF Olesiuk, GM Ellis, JKB Ford et KC Balcomb III, « Social Organization and Genealogy of Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in the Coastal Waters of British Columbia and Washington State », Report of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue 12, , p. 400 (ISSN0255-2760, lire en ligne)[PDF].
(en) Andrew D. Foote, « Genome-culture coevolution promotes rapid divergence of killer whale ecotypes », Nature Communications, no 7, (lire en ligne).
(en) Phillip A. Morin, Morgan L. McCarthy, Charissa W. Fung, John W. Durban, Kim M. Parsons, William F. Perrin, Barbara L. Taylor, Thomas A. Jefferson et Frederick I. Archer, « Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg’s and resident ecotypes deserve species status », Royal Society Open Science, vol. 11, no 3, (ISSN2054-5703, PMID38545612, PMCIDPMC10966402, DOI10.1098/rsos.231368, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
(en) Phillip A. Morin, Morgan L. McCarthy, Charissa W. Fung, John W. Durban, Kim M. Parsons, William F. Perrin, Barbara L. Taylor, Thomas A. Jefferson et Frederick I. Archer, « Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg’s and resident ecotypes deserve species status », Royal Society Open Science, vol. 11, no 3, (ISSN2054-5703, PMID38545612, PMCIDPMC10966402, DOI10.1098/rsos.231368, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
sciencedirect.com
(en) Lori Marino, Naomi A. Rose, Ingrid N. Visser, Heather Rally, Hope Ferdowsian et Veronica Slootsky, « The harmful effects of captivity and chronic stress on the well-being of orcas (Orcinus orca) », Journal of Veterinary Behavior, vol. 35, january–february 2020, p. 69-82 (lire en ligne).
Marie-Claude Bomsel, « ORQUE ou ÉPAULARD », sur Encyclopædia Universalis (consulté le )
vliz.be
(en) PF Olesiuk, MA Bigg et GM Ellis, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, « Life history and population dynamics of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia and Washington State », Report of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue 12, , p. 209 à 243 (ISSN0255-2760, lire en ligne)[PDF].
(en) MA Bigg, PF Olesiuk, GM Ellis, JKB Ford et KC Balcomb III, « Social Organization and Genealogy of Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in the Coastal Waters of British Columbia and Washington State », Report of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue 12, , p. 400 (ISSN0255-2760, lire en ligne)[PDF].
