פרק 1 לחוקת ארצות הברית (Hebrew Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "פרק 1 לחוקת ארצות הברית" in Hebrew language version.
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americanprogress.org
- Danyelle Solomon, Connor Maxwell, and Abril Castro, "Systematic Inequality and American Democracy", Center for American Progress, August 7 2019
archives.gov
founders.archives.gov
- Thomas Jefferson, "Opinion on the Constitutionality of the Bill for Establishing a National Bank", 15 February 1791, Founders Online: "‘To lay taxes to provide for the general welfare of the U.S.’ that is to say ‘to lay taxes for the purpose of providing for the general welfare’. For the laying of taxes is the power and the general welfare the purpose for which the power is to be exercised. They are not to lay taxes ad libitum for any purpose they please; but only to pay the debts or provide for the welfare of the Union. In like manner they are not to do anything they please to provide for the general welfare, but only to lay taxes for that purpose."
- גם וושינגטון האמין שהחוקה לא מאפשרת לנשיא ליזום פעולות צבאיות ללא אישור מפורש של הקונגרס. בהתייחס למלחמה נגד אומת הקריק (מוסקוגי) הוא כתב: "החוקה מעניקה לקונגרס את הכוח להכריז על מלחמה, לכן אף פעולה התקפית בעלת חשיבות לא יכולה להיעשות, אלא אחרי שהקונגרס ידון בנושא ויאשר מהלך שכזה". מכתב לוויליאם מולטרי, 28 באוגוסט 1793.
- Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson, 13 August 1813, National Archive
archives.gov
- Declaration of Independence: A Transcription, National Archives: "He [the King] has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands."
billofrightsinstitute.org
- James Madison, "Federalist Papers No. 39 (1776)", Bill of Rights Institute
books.google.com
- David Kemper Watson, The Constitution of the United States, Volume 1 (Callaghan: 1910), pp. 759
bostonglobe.com
- Jeff Jacoby, "The Constitution says no to DC statehood", The Boston Globe, June 21 2020
brookings.edu
- John Hudak, "The politics and history of the D.C. statehood vote", Brookings Institute, June 25 2020
case.edu
scholarlycommons.law.case.edu
- Erik M. Jensen, "
The Foreign Emoluments Clause", Elon Law Review 10 (2018), pp. 101ff
cato.org
- Roger Pilon, "The Powers Delegated to the Federal Government are Few and Defined: The Doctrine of Enumerated Powers", in Roots of Liberty: Unlocking the Federalist Papers, edited by Scott D. Cosenza and Claire M. Griffin (One Generation Away: 2013)
- Ilya Somin, "Rehnquist’s Federalist Legacy", Cato Institute, September 5 2005
cbsnews.com
- Lucy Madison, "15 years after its brief existence, line-item veto eludes presidents", CBS News, August 10 2012
cnn.com
- Ariane de Vogue, "Supreme Court won't revive Democratic-led lawsuit over payments to Trump", CNN, October 13 2020
columbia.edu
scholarship.law.columbia.edu
- Thomas W. Merrill, "Rethinking Article I, Section 1: From Nondelegation to Exclusive Delegation", Columbia Law Review 104.8 (December 2004)
web.law.columbia.edu
- Amanda L. Tyler, "The Forgotten Core Meaning of the Suspension Clause", Harvard Law Review 125 (2012), pp. 904
congress.gov
constitution.congress.gov
- Constitution Annotated, ArtII.S4.2.3.1 Impeachable Offenses: Early Historical Practice (1789–1860)
- ArtI.S4.C1.1.1.1.2 Role of Congress in Regulating Federal Elections, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C2.1 Borrowing Power, Consitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C3.1.4.1 Dormant Commerce Power: Overview, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C4.2.1.1 Scope of Federal Bankruptcy Power, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C5.1 Coinage Power, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C7.1.1 Postal Power: Overview, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C8.1.1 Origins and Scope of the Patent and Copyright Power, Constitution Annotated
- ArtIII.S1.1.2.1 Congressional Power to Establish Article III Courts: Historical Background, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S8.C10.1.2 Define and Punish Clause: Doctrine and Practice, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S9.C2.1 Writ of Habeas Corpus and the Suspension Clause and Habeas Corpus: Scope of the Writ, Legal Information Institute, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S9.C5.1 Prohibition on Taxes on Exports, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S10.C3.1 States and Duty of Tonnage, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S10.C3.3 Compacts Clause, Constitution Annotated
crsreports.congress.gov
- Congressional Research Service, "The Impeachment and Trial of a Former President", January 15 2021, pp. 2
- Congressional Research Service, "The Impeachment and Trial of a Former President", January 15 2021, pp. 4-5
- Elizabeth Rybicki and Michael Greene, "The Impeachment Process in the Senate", updated January 21, 2020, pp. 20
- Congressional Research Service, "Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate", Updated April 7, 2017
congress.gov
- The United States Congress, "Resolving Differences", Congress.gov
congressionalinstitute.org
- Mark Strand and Tim Lang, "Who Decides How Much Congress Gets Paid?", The Congressional Institute, February 2, 2019
consource.org
constitutioncenter.org
- William N. Eskridge and Neomi Rao, "Article I, Section 1: General Principles", National Constitution Center
- Elections clause, the National Constitutional Center
- Michael T. Morley and Franita Tolson, Elections Clause, National Constitution Center
- Martin B. Gold and Ronald Weich, Article I, Section 5, National Constitution Center
- Steven G. Calabresi and Jay D. Wexler, "Article I, Section 6", National Constitution Center
- Nicholas Bagley and Thomas A. Smith, "Article I, Section 7", National Contituion Center
- Randy E. Barnett and Heather Gerken, "Article I, Sec. 8: Federalism and the Overall Scope of Federal Power", National Constitution Center
- Neil S. Siegel and Steven J. Willis, "The Taxing Clause", National Constitution Center
- Randy E. Barnett and Andrew Koppelman, "The Commerce Clause" National Constitution Center
- NCC Staff, "Gibbons v. Ogden: Defining Congress’ power under the Commerce Clause", National Constitution Center, March 2, 2020
- Gary Laweson and Neil S. Siegel, "Necessary and Proper Clause", National Constitution Center
- Gordon Lloyd and Jenny S. Martinez, "The Slave Trade Clause", National Constitution Center
- Scott Bomboy, "Lincoln and Taney’s great writ showdown", National Constitution Center
- Erik M. Jensen, "Export and Port Preference", National constitution Center
- Kate Stith, "Appropriations Clause", National Constitution Center
- Zephyr Teachout and Seth Barrett Tillman, "The Foreign Emoluments", National Constitutional Center
- The case of the missing 13th amendment to the Constitution, באתר "National Constitution Center" (באנגלית)
- Richard A. Epstein and Jack Rakove, "Article I, Section 10", National Constitution Center
core.ac.uk
- Elizabeth Patterson, "The Spending Power after NFIB: New Direction, or Medicaid Exception", SMU Law Review 68 (2: 2015)
- Erwin Chemerinsky, "The Rehnquist Revolution", Pierce Law Review 2.1 (2004: 1-16)
- McKaye Neumeister, "Reviving the Power of the Purse: Appropriations Clause Litigation and National Security Law", The Yale Law Journal 127 (2018: pp. 2517-2519)
- McKaye Neumeister, "Reviving the Power of the Purse: Appropriations Clause Litigation and National Security Law", The Yale Law Journal 127 (2018: pp. 2517-2523)
cornell.edu
law.cornell.edu
- United States Supreme Court, 394 U.S. 526, Kirkpatrick v. Presiler, 1969
- Legal Information Institute, "Legilative Veto"
- Spending for the General Welfare, Legal Information Institute
- Among the Several States, Legal information institute
- Legal Information Institute, "Definition of Terms"
- The Power to Raise and Maintain Armed Forces, Legal Information Institute
- "The Power to Raise and Maintain Armed Forces", Legal Information Institute, Constitution Annotated
- Clauses 15 and 16: The Militia, Legal Information Institute, Constitution Annotated
- ArtI.S9.C2.1 Writ of Habeas Corpus and the Suspension Clause and Habeas Corpus: Scope of the Writ, Legal Information Institute, Constitution Annotated
- Hamdi V. Rumsfeld 542 U.S. 507 (2004), Scalia, J., dissenting
duke.edu
scholarship.law.duke.edu
- Louis Fisher, "The Legislative Veto: Invalidated, It Survives", Law and Contemporary Problems 56.4 (1993), pp. 277-279
fas.org
- Brandon J. Murrill, "Modes of Constitutional Interpretation", Congressional Research Service, March 15, 2018
- Congressional Research Service, "The Impeachment Process in the House of Representatives", November 14 2019
- Valerie Heitshusen, "Senate Proceedings Establishing Majority Cloture for Supreme Court Nominations: In Brief", Congressional Research Center, April 14 2017
- Cynthia Brown and Todd Garvey, "Expulsion of Members of Congress: Legal Authority and Historical Practice", Congressional Research Center, January 11 2018, pp. 20
- Louis Fisher, "The Pocket Veto: Its Current Status", Congressional Research Service
- Congressional Research Service, "The Debt Limit Since 2011", August 29, 2019
- Jennifer K. Elsea, Michael John Garcia and Thomas J. Nicola, "Congressional Authority to Limit Military Operations", Congressional Research Service, February 19, 2013, pp. 27-28
- Wilson C. Freeman, "Huawei v. United States: The Bill of Attainder Clause and Huawei’s Lawsuit Against the United States", Congressional Research Service, March 14 2019, pp. 2
- Erika L. Lunder, "Export Clause: Limitation on Congress's Taxing Power", Congressional Research Service, October 18 2012
- Sean M. Stiff, "Congress's Power Over Appropriations: Constitutional and Statutory Provisions", Congressional Research Center, June 16 2020
- The Emoluments Clauses of the U.S. Constitution, Congressional Research Service, August 19 2020
federalism.org
encyclopedia.federalism.org
- Commerce with the Indian Tribes, Encyclopedia of the Center for the Study of Federalism
- Contract Clause, Center for the Study of Federalism
findlaw.com
caselaw.findlaw.com
- United States Supreme Court, Williamson v. The United States 96 (1908)
constitution.findlaw.com
- Annotation 25 - Article I, FindLaw
georgetown.edu
scholarship.law.georgetown.edu
- Randy E. Barnett, "Is the Rehnquist Court an 'Activist' Court? The Commerce Clause Cases", University of Colorado Law Review 73 (2002: 1275-1290)
govinfo.gov
- "The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Centennial Edition, Interim Edition: Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 26, 2013", pp. 112-115
- Johnny H. Killian and George A. Costello (editors), The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Congressional Research Service (2006), pp. 265-266
- Johnny H. Killian and George A. Costello (editors), The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Congressional Research Service (2006), pp. 274-276
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Special Publication 447, "Weights and Measures Standards: A Brief History", Updated March 1976, pp. 5-6
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Special Publication 447, "Weights and Measures Standards: A Brief History", Updated March 1976, pp. 26
harvardlawreview.org
- "The Ineligibility Clause's Lost History: Presidential Patronage and Congress 1787–1850", Harvard Law Review 123.7 (2010), pp. 1731
heritage.org
- Gary Lawson, "Legislative Vesting Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- The Heritage Guide to the Constitution, Essay 11, Impeachment
- David F. Forte, "Qualifications and Quorum", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Michael J. Gerhardt, Essay 17, Trial of Impeachment, The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Meetings of Congress Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Expulsion Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "House Journal", the Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Adjournment", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Adrian Vermeule, "Compensation Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Privilege from Arrest", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- James L. Buckley, "Speech and Debate Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Joan L. Larsen, "Incompatibility Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Sinecure Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Erik M. Jensen, "Orignation Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Michael B. Rappaport, "Presentment Clause", The Heritage Guisde to the Contitution
- David F. Forte, "Pocket Veto", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Presentment of Resolutions", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Paul Moreno, "Taxation", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- CLaire Priest, "Borrowing Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Commerce with Foreign Nations", The Heritage guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Commerce Among the States", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Commerce with the Indian Tribes", The Heritage Guide to the Consititution
- Todd Zwicki, "Bankruptcy Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Todd Zywicky, "Coinage Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Eric Chiappinelli, "Weights and Measures", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Post Office", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Thomas Nachbar, Patent and Copyright Clause, The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Offenses Against the Law of Nations Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- John Yoo, "Declare War", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Mackubin Owens, "Raise Armies", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Mackubin Owens, "Militia Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Matthew Spalding, "Migration or Importation Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Habeas Corpus", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Daniel Troy, "Bill of Attainder", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Daniel Troy, "Ex Post Facto", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Erik M. Jensen, "Direct Taxes", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- David F. Forte, "Export Taxation Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Nelson Lund, "Port Preference Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Gary Kepplinger, "Appropriations Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Robert Delahunty, "Emoluments Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Brannon P. Denning, "State Treaties", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Richard A. Epstein, "Obligation of Contract", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
- Michael S. Greve, "Compact Clause", The Heritage Guide to the constitution
history.com
- George Washington exercises first presidential veto, History.com
house.gov
history.house.gov
- United States House of Representatives, "Impeachment"
- United States House of Representatives, "List of Individuals Impeached by the House of Representatives"
- United States House of Representatives, "Speaker Thomas Brackett Reed of Maine Proceeded Against the “Disappearing Quorum”"
- United States House of Representatives, "List of Individuals Expelled, Censured, or Reprimanded in the U.S. House of Representatives"
- United States House of Representatives, "Presidential Vetoes", Last Updated June 6 2020
i2i.org
- Robert G. Natelson, "Paper Money and the Original Understanding of the Coinage Clause", Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 31.3 (2008): 1017-1081
israelhayom.co.il
- דור מלול, לאחר סדרת שקרים: המחוקק הרפובליקני ג׳ורג׳ סנטוס הודח מהקונגרס, באתר ישראל היום, 1 בדצמבר 2023
justia.com
supreme.justia.com
- Wayman v. Southard, 23 U.S. 1 (1825)
- Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 (1935): "The Congress manifestly is not permitted to abdicate or to transfer to others the essential legislative functions with which it is thus vested."
- A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935): "Congress is not permitted by the Constitution to abdicate, or to transfer to others, the essential legislative functions with which it is vested"
- Moore v. Harper, 600 U.S. ___ (2023)
- United States Supreme Court, Long v. Ansell, 293 U.S. 76 (1934)
- Supreme Court of the United States, Gravel v. United States, 408 U.S. 606 (1972)
- המילה emoluments מתורגמת לעיתים כ"שכר". עם זאת, בית המשפט העליון קבע בפסק דין מקלין נגד ארצות הברית מ-1912 (McLean v. United States, 226 U.S. 374, 1912), שהכוונה היא גם לתגמולים שאינם שכר.
- Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998)
- Knowlton v. Moore, 178 U.S. 41 (1900)
- United States v. Ptasynski, 462 U.S. 74 (1983)
- United States Supreme Court, /McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819)
- Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1 (1824)
- Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918)
- Carter v. Carter Coal Co., 298 U.S. 238 (1936)
- United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941)
- United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995)
- United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000)
- Chirac v. Lessee of Chirac, 15 U.S. 259 (1817)
- Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967)
- Legal Tender Cases, 79 U.S. 457 (1870)
- Legal Tender Cases, 110 U.S. 421 (1884)
- Public Clearing House v. Coyne, 194 U.S. 497 (1904)
- Lamont v. Postmaster General, 381 U.S. 301 (1965)
- Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003): "The CTEA is a rational exercise of the legislative authority conferred by the Copyright Clause. On this point, the Court defers substantially to Congress... The CTEA reflects judgments of a kind Congress typically makes, judgments the Court cannot dismiss as outside the Legislature's domain."
- Golan v. Holder, 565 U.S. 302 (2012)
- Golan v. Holder, 565 U.S. 302 (2012), Justice Breyer, with whom Justice Alito joins, dissenting
- United States v. Smith, 18 U.S. 153 (1820)
- Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006)
- Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008)
- United States v. Brown, 381 U.S. 437 (1965)
- Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. 386 (1798)
- Carmell v. Texas, 529 U.S. 513 (2000)
- Brown v. Maryland, 25 U.S. 419 (1827)
- Thomas, J., dissenting, Camps Newfound/Owatonna, Inc. v. Town of Harrison, 520 U.S. 564 (1997)
- Clyde Mallory Lines v. Alabama, 296 U.S. 261 (1935)
- Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, 557 U.S. 1 (2009)
- Holmes v. Jennison, 39 U.S. 540 (1840), pp. 572
- United States Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Comm'n, 434 U.S. 452 (1978)
law.justia.com
- כך למשל, בית המשפט לערעורים של הכוחות הצבאיים של ארצות הברית קבע שהסנטור לינדזי גרהאם לא יכול לשמש כשופט בבית משפט של חיל האוויר של ארצות הברית, כיוון ש"זו משרה של ממשל ארצות הברית, ועל כן אדם שמשמש כחבר קונגרס לא יכול למלא אותה". United States v. Lane (2006).
legalgenealogist.com
- Judy G. Russell, "Indians not taxed", The Legal Geneologist, March 13 2015
loc.gov
tile.loc.gov
- United States Supreme Court, "Nixon v. United States et al." 506 U.S. 224 (1993), Library of Congress website
- United States Supreme Court, Gray v. Sanders (1963), pp. 369
loc.gov
- United States 42nd Congress, "An Act for the Apportionment of Representatives to Congress among the several States according to the ninth Census"
- Library of Congress, "War Powers"
lonang.com
- Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, (1833), Book 3 Chapter 10 § 788
millercenter.org
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mises.org
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ncsl.org
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newyorker.com
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npr.org
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nytimes.com
archive.nytimes.com
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nytimes.com
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oxfordreference.com
- Oxford Reference, Kirkpatrick v. Preisler
oyez.org
oyez.org
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apps.oyez.org
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pewresearch.org
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sc.edu
scholarcommons.sc.edu
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scholar.google.com
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scotusblog.com
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senate.gov
senate.gov
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slate.com
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ssrn.com
papers.ssrn.com
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- United States Supreme Court, "Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission", 2015, pp. 3
- United States Supreme Court, "Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission", 2015
theatlantic.com
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theusconstitution.org
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thoughtco.com
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timeline.com
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ideaexchange.uakron.edu
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uchicago.edu
press-pubs.uchicago.edu
- Amendment X, House of Representatives, Amendments to the Constitution, Document 6, 18, 21 Aug. 1789 Annals 1:761, 767--68
- James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, Letter of April 2, 1798, Document 8 on Article 1, Section 8, Clause 11, University of Chicago Press Website
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umn.edu
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- Amandeep S. Grewal, " The Foreign Emoluments Clause and the Chief Executive", Minnesota Law Review 92 (2017)
upenn.edu
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usccr.gov
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- Lynn A. Baker and Samuel H. Dinkin, 1997, "The Senate: An Institution Whose Time has Gone?", Journal of Law and Politics XIII (21)
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virginialawreview.org
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vox.com
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washingtonpost.com
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wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
- Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003): "The CTEA is a rational exercise of the legislative authority conferred by the Copyright Clause. On this point, the Court defers substantially to Congress... The CTEA reflects judgments of a kind Congress typically makes, judgments the Court cannot dismiss as outside the Legislature's domain."
wikisource.org
en.wikisource.org
- Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, pp. 221
- United States Supreme Court, Powell v. McCormick 395 U.S. 486, Opinion of the Court, Decided: June 16, 1969, on Wikisource
wsj.com
- Jess Bravin, "Senate GOP Set to Argue Out-of-Office Trump Can’t be Convicted in Impeachment", Wall Street Journal, January 17 2021
yale.edu
avalon.law.yale.edu
- James Madison, "The Federalist Papers No. 47: The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts", Avalon Project
- Alexander Hamilton, "The Federalist Paper No. 22", Avalon Project
- James Madison, "The Federalist Papers No. 62", Avalon Project
- Alexander Hamilton, Federalist number 65: The Power of the Senate Continued, March 7, 1788
- James Madison, Federalist #45, Avalon Project
- Hamilton's Opinion as to the Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States : 1791, Avalon Project
- Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers No. 69: The Real Character of the Executive, March 14 1788, Avalon Project
- Constitutional Convention Debates on August 17, 1787, Madison's writings, Avalon Project
- Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers No. 84: Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered, The Avalon Project
- James Madison, The Federalist Papers No. 44