Doom metal (Indonesian Wikipedia)

"Doom metal". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 17 January 2016.
"Budgie". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2012.
"Bang". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2012.
"Sir Lord Baltimore". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2012.
Huey, Steve. "Eyehategod biography". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2009.
Torreano, Bradley. "Exhorder". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2009.
York, William. "Eyehategod – In the Name of Suffering". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2009.
York, William. "Eyehategod – Take as Needed for Pain". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2009.
Huey, Steve. "Crowbar". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 21 July 2008.
Prato, Greg. "Down biography". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2009.
York, William. "Soilent Green biography". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2009.
Henderson, Alex. "Doom Capital: Maryland DC Heavy Rock Underground". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2013.
Prato, Greg. "Normadic Pursuits – Yawning Man". Allmusic. Diakses tanggal 18 December 2014.
"Slo Burn". allmusic.com. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
"Novembers Doom Biography, Songs, & Albums". AllMusic.
Henderson, Alex. "Fear of Infinity". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2012.
Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Candlemass". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2012.
York, William. "Buzzov*en". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 21 July 2008.
York, William. "Eyehategod – Dopesick". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 12 September 2008.
York, William. "Acid Bath". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2008.
Henderson, Alex. "Grief". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2008.
"Stoner Metal". Allmusic. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2009. Stoner metal could be campy and self-aware, messily evocative, or unabashedly retro.
Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Kyuss biography". Allmusic. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2007. ...they are widely acknowledged as pioneers of the booming stoner rock scene of the 1990s...
Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Sleep biography". Allmusic. Diakses tanggal 21 July 2008.
Anderson, Jason. "Sons of Otis Biography". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2017.

axs.com

"Canada's purveyors of progressive doom metal issue new video". AXS.

bandcamp.com

daily.bandcamp.com

Wiederhorn, Jon (2 February 2017). "Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline". Bandcamp daily. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2018.
Wiederhorn, Jon (4 August 2016). "A Brief History of Post-Metal". Bandcamp. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2017.

astrakhanofficial.bandcamp.com

"Reward in Purpose, by Astrakhan".

bestofneworleans.com

Fensterstock, Alison. "Axe to Grind: Heavy Metal in New Orleans". BestofNewOrleans.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 July 2010. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2010.

blabbermouth.net

"U.S. '70s Proto-Metal Power Trio Bang Returns". Blabbermouth.net. 6 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"DEINONYCHUS: 'You Will Get A Pure Black/Doom Metal Album'". Blabbermouth. Diakses tanggal 8 January 2018.
"DOOMSWORD To Release New Album In June". Blabbermouth. 1 May 2007. Diakses tanggal 12 August 2018.
Blabbermouth.net Review

books.google.com

Bukszpan, Daniel (2012). The Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal. Sterling, New York. hlm. 192–193. ISBN 978-1402792304.
Patterson, Dayal (2013). Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult. Feral House. ISBN 978-1936239757. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2018.
Sil, Janet (2013). Ishmael, Amelia; Price, Zareen; Stephanou, Aspasia; Woodward, Ben, ed. "Open a Vein: Suicidal Black Metal and Enlightenment". Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory. Brooklyn: Punctum Books (1): 5–19. ISBN 9780615758282. ISSN 2326-683X.
Patterson, Dayal (2013). Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult. Port Townsend: Feral House. hlm. 351. ISBN 9781936239757.
Purcell, Nathalie J. (2003). Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture. McFarland & Company. hlm. 23. ISBN 0-7864-1585-1.
Pearson, David (2020). "Ch3-The Dystopian Sublime of Extreme Hardcore Punk". Rebel Music in the Triumphant Empire: Punk Rock in the 1990s United States. Oxford University Press. hlm. 121. ISBN 978-0197534885.
Rosenberg, Axl; Krovatin, Chris (2017). Hellraisers: A Complete Visual History of Heavy Metal Mayhem. Race Point Publishing. hlm. 239. ISBN 978-1-63106-430-2.
Sharpe-Young, Garry (2005). New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Zonda. hlm. 137. ISBN 978-0958268400.
Sharpe-Young, Garry (2005). New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Zonda. hlm. 97. ISBN 978-0958268400.
Ellis, Iain (2008). Rebels Wit Attitude: Subversive Rock Humorists. Soft Skull Press. hlm. 258. ISBN 978-1-59376-206-3. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

bravewords.com

"News: StonerRock.com and MeteorCity Part Ways". Bravewords.com. 19 May 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2011.
"BETHLEHEM REPLACE LIFELOVER ON BILL FOR KINGS OF BLACK METAL FESTIVAL". Brave Words. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2018.

buffalonews.com

"Stoner age: Priestess marries metal and melody". Buffalo News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.

cedunet.com

tiira.cedunet.com

"Reviews". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 January 1999. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.

consequenceofsound.net

Kaufman, Spencer (March 2019). "Northwest Terror Fest 2019 lineup: Pig Destroyer, Wolfbrigade, Cirith Ungol, and more to crush Seattle". Consequence of Sound. Consequence of Sound. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2019.

cvltnation.com

"Crushing Cascadia: Earworthy Metal of the Pacific Northwest -". 28 January 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2015.
Mattia, A. (7 February 2017). "DON'T LOOK BELOW: HARVEST GULGALTHA – 'ALTARS OF DEVOTION' REVIEW + STREAM". Cvlt Nation. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.

decibelmagazine.com

"Katatonia: 'Brave Murder Day'". Decibel Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 July 2012. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2012.
"Full Album Stream: Below The Sun". Decibel Magazine. 23 May 2017.
"Reverend Bizarre". Decibel Magazine. Diakses tanggal 20 May 2013.

desertsun.com

Fessier, Bruce (30 June 2014). "Zach Huskey offering variety show of desert sound". The Desert Sun. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 April 2015.

escholarship.org

Piper, Jonathan (2013). Locating experiential richness in doom metal (Tesis PhD). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s. Diakses pada 14 September 2019.

exclaim.ca

Falzon, Denise (31 October 2012). "Dragged Into Sunlight 'Widowmaker' (album stream)". Exclaim!. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.
Pratt, Greg (15 April 2010). "Type O Negative's Peter Steele Dies at 48". Exclaim!. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2013.

farmageddonrecordsmusicfestival.com

Tschetter, Michelle. "Pentagram". Farmageddon Records. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-19. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2013.

femforgacs.hu

"Spiritus Mortis interview". Fémforgács. 6 October 2009. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.

findarticles.com

Jan Tumlir, "Primal dirge", Artforum, April 2006. [2] Access date: 22 August 2008.

guitarworld.com

Hart, Josh; Fanelli, Damian (11 October 2015). "The 50 Heaviest Songs Before Black Sabbath: #40-31". Guitar World. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 April 2018.

hcommons.org

Yavuz, Mehmet Selim (September 2015). Dead is dead: Perspectives on the Meaning of Death in Depressive Suicidal Black Metal Music through Musical Representations (Tesis MMus). https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:12942/CONTENT/mselimyavuznamedfinal.pdf/. Diakses pada 18 August 2018.

heavyplanet.net

"Heavy Planet Stoner Rock Blog: Album Of The Day-Buffalo-Volcanic Rock (1973)". Diakses tanggal 10 December 2012.

laweekly.com

Steve Appleford (22 October 2014). "Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme Is Our Last Real Rock Star". L.A. Weekly.

limbistraine.com

Sauciuc, Gabriela; Talpalariu, Dan-Radu. "Doom-gothic metal – its perception and interpretation by fans". limbistraine.com. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2018.

lordsofmetal.nl

van der Wal, Kim. "The Silhouette Review". Lordsofmetal.nl. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2008.

loudersound.com

"The 9 albums that inspired King Goat's progressive doom sound". Metal Hammer.

metal-invader.com

Pamfilos, Themis (23 July 2004). "Review: V/A – Doom Capital Maryland / DC". Metal Invader. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 November 2006.

metal-temple.com

Voutiriadou, Maria. "Crowned In Earth". Metal Temple. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2013.

metalinjection.net

Luedtke, Christopher (2 February 2016). "Essential Black Metal Listening: XASTHUR Nocturnal Poisoning". Metal Injection. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2017.
Davis, Cody. "Funeral Doom Friday: FUNERAL MOURNING's Blackened, Deadly Inertia of Dissonance (A Sermon in Finality)". Metal Injection. Diakses tanggal 29 July 2018.

metalstorm.net

DerRozzengarten. "Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)". Metal Storm. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.

mtv.com

Vanhorn, Teri. "Queens Of The Stone Age At Home In Desert". mtv.com. MTV. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2014.

musicmight.com

DerRozzengarten. "SPIRITUS MORTIS". MusicMight. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.
Sharpe-Young, Garry. "MusicMight – Kyuss biography". MusicMight. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2007. [Kyuss] almost single handed invented the phrase 'Stoner Rock'. They achieved this by tuning way down and summoning up a subterranean, organic sound...

newsbank.com

nl.newsbank.com

Mahoney, Steve (30 March 1995). "Acid Bath's not famous but it is one hot band". jsonline.com, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

nla.gov.au

webarchive.nla.gov.au

Bloodaxe, Mathias (27 July 2011). "Mournful Congregation – The Unspoken Hymns". VoltageMedia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2017.

noisecreep.com

Ramirez, Carlos (12 October 2012). "THE FORESHADOWING CRAFT GOTHIC DOOM MASTERPIECES". Noise Creep. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2018.

npr.org

Levin, Hannah (10 August 2011). "The Mix: A Pacific Northwest Metal Goldmine". NPR.

nytimes.com

John Wray, "Heady Metal", New York Times, 28 May 2006. [1] Access date: 18 August 2008.

ocweekly.com

Distefano, Alex (2 April 2014). "The Top 10 Stoner Metal Bands". OC Weekly. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2017.

palmspringslife.com

Mettler, Mike (28 March 2014). "A Desert Soundtrack". palmspringslife.com. Palm Springs Life. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2015.

peaceville.com

"The Second Ring of Power – CD&DVD edition coming in October". Peaceville Records's Official site. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.

pitchfork.com

"6 New Metal Albums That Set a Strong Mood". Pitchfork.

resettheworld.com

doom.resettheworld.com

Ebner, Arne (25 July 2010) (dalam bahasa de). Ästhetik des Doom (Tesis Bachelor). http://doom.resettheworld.com/aesthetik_des_doom_arne_ebner_40mb.pdf. Diakses pada 18 August 2018.

revolvermag.com

"10 ESSENTIAL STONER-METAL ALBUMS". Revolver Magazine. 20 April 2018. Diakses tanggal 12 August 2018.

rockshowmagazine.com

"New Jersey Doom Metal". Rock Show Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2014.

rollingstone.com

"Music News, Videos, Photos, Artists, Playlists and More". Rolling Stone. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 May 2009. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2010.

rollingstone.de

Zahn, Thorsten; Schurer, Petra (1 June 2003). "Emotionen in Zeitlupe". Rolling Stone (dalam bahasa Jerman). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.

slate.com

Brandon Stosuy, "Heavy Metal: It's Alive and Flourishing", Slate, 19 August 2005. [3] Access date: 22 August 2008.

soniccathedral.com

Arancio, Dennis. "In the Flowers Shade Review". Soniccathedral.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 December 2008. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2008.

splendidezine.com

Jason Jackowiak, "Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method" Diarsipkan 27 September 2008 di Wayback Machine., Splendid, 14 September 2005. Access date: 23 August 2008.

sputnikmusic.com

"Review: Flower Travellin Band – Satori". Sputnikmusic. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2016.

stereogum.com

Moore, Doug (31 August 2016). "The Black Market: The Month In Metal – August 2016". Stereogum. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.

teamrock.com

Dome, Malcolm (16 October 2016). "10 Essential Stoner Rock Albums". Metal Hammer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-08. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2017.
Dare, Tom (18 April 2015). "Lori from Acid King on Desertfest, doom and David Bowie". Metal Hammer. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2017. Stoner metal pioneers Acid King emerged when the subgenre didn’t really exist yet.

terrorizer.com

Whelan, Kez (11 June 2014). "Soulburn: Band Of The Day". Terrorizer. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.

thegauntlet.com

Fox, Erin. "Interview with Anders Jacobsson of Draconian". Thegauntlet.com. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2008.

theguardian.com

Lynskey, Dorian (25 March 2011). "Kyuss: Kings of the stoner age". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 18 December 2014.

themoscownews.com

Vladimir Kozlov. "Russian doom, Finnish-style". The Moscow News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.

theobelisk.net

"Hellhound Records Archives – The Obelisk". The Obelisk (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 19 April 2018.

thesunrunner.com

Linn, Robin; Lalli, Mario (19 July 2013). "The strange births of Desert Rock". The Sun Runner, Journal of the Real Desert. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2015.

treblezine.com

Terich, Jeff; Blyweiss, Adam (20 April 2017). "10 Essential Stoner Rock Albums". Treblezine. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2017.

truecultheavymetal.com

Newshound, Terrorizer. "ITALIAN BLACKENED DOOMSTERS FORGOTTEN TOMB PLAN RELEASE". Terrorizer Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2009.
Newshound, Terrorizer. "WOODS OF YPRES RELEASE DISCUSS THE GREEN ALBUM". Terrorizer Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2009.

vcreporter.com

Lackey Shaffer, Nancy D. (4 October 2018). "OUT WITH A BANG | Robert Garven and Jarvis Leatherby talk Frost and Fire IV before the metalfest takes its final bow". Ventura County Reporter. Ventura County Reporter. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2019.

vice.com

noisey.vice.com

Kelly, Kim (29 March 2017). "Morast Expertly Synthesize Black, Death, and Doom Metal on 'Ancestral Void'". Noisey Vice. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.
Kelly, Kim (30 April 2018). "Grave Lines Blur the Boundary Between Doom Metal and Gothic Folk". Noisey Vice. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2018.
Kelly, Kim (19 April 2017). "10 Stoner Metal Albums Ranked by a Metalhead Who Doesn't Smoke Weed". Noisey Vice. Diakses tanggal 12 August 2018.
Kelly, Kim (20 April 2017). "10 Stoner Metal Albums Ranked by a Metalhead Who Doesn't Smoke Weed". Vice. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2017.

voicecouncil.com

"Singing In A Gothic-Doom Metal Band". Voice Council Magazine. 5 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2018.

voltagemedia.com.au

Bloodaxe, Mathias (27 July 2011). "Mournful Congregation – The Unspoken Hymns". VoltageMedia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2017.

washingtoncitypaper.com

Brandon, Wu (November 2010). "For Northern Virginia Metal Band Salome, Not All Hope Lies in Doom". Washington City Paper. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2013.

web.archive.org

Hart, Josh; Fanelli, Damian (11 October 2015). "The 50 Heaviest Songs Before Black Sabbath: #40-31". Guitar World. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 April 2018.
"Music News, Videos, Photos, Artists, Playlists and More". Rolling Stone. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 May 2009. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2010.
Vladimir Kozlov. "Russian doom, Finnish-style". The Moscow News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.
DerRozzengarten. "SPIRITUS MORTIS". MusicMight. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.
Marsicano, Dan. "Best Finnish Heavy Metal Bands". About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-05-24. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.
Fensterstock, Alison. "Axe to Grind: Heavy Metal in New Orleans". BestofNewOrleans.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 July 2010. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2010.
Pamfilos, Themis (23 July 2004). "Review: V/A – Doom Capital Maryland / DC". Metal Invader. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 November 2006.
Tschetter, Michelle. "Pentagram". Farmageddon Records. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-19. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2013.
"New Jersey Doom Metal". Rock Show Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2014.
"Crushing Cascadia: Earworthy Metal of the Pacific Northwest -". 28 January 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2015.
"News: StonerRock.com and MeteorCity Part Ways". Bravewords.com. 19 May 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2011.
Fessier, Bruce (30 June 2014). "Zach Huskey offering variety show of desert sound". The Desert Sun. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 April 2015.
Dome, Malcolm (16 October 2016). "10 Essential Stoner Rock Albums". Metal Hammer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-08. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2017.
Zahn, Thorsten; Schurer, Petra (1 June 2003). "Emotionen in Zeitlupe". Rolling Stone (dalam bahasa Jerman). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.
"Reviews". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 January 1999. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2018.
"Katatonia: 'Brave Murder Day'". Decibel Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 July 2012. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2012.
Jason Jackowiak, "Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method" Diarsipkan 27 September 2008 di Wayback Machine., Splendid, 14 September 2005. Access date: 23 August 2008.
Hayes, Craig. "Witch Mountain – Cauldron Of The Wild Review". About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2012.
Arancio, Dennis. "In the Flowers Shade Review". Soniccathedral.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 December 2008. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2008.
"Stoner age: Priestess marries metal and melody". Buffalo News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.
Sharpe-Young, Garry. "MusicMight – Kyuss biography". MusicMight. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2007. [Kyuss] almost single handed invented the phrase 'Stoner Rock'. They achieved this by tuning way down and summoning up a subterranean, organic sound...
Linn, Robin; Lalli, Mario (19 July 2013). "The strange births of Desert Rock". The Sun Runner, Journal of the Real Desert. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2015.

webcitation.org

Newshound, Terrorizer. "ITALIAN BLACKENED DOOMSTERS FORGOTTEN TOMB PLAN RELEASE". Terrorizer Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2009.
Marsicano, Dan. "Ordo Obsidium – Orbis Tertius Review". About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2012.
Newshound, Terrorizer. "WOODS OF YPRES RELEASE DISCUSS THE GREEN ALBUM". Terrorizer Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2009.

worldcat.org

"Sludge Special - Part 2". Terrorizer. No. 188. September 2009. hlm. 40–57. ISSN 1350-6978.
Sil, Janet (2013). Ishmael, Amelia; Price, Zareen; Stephanou, Aspasia; Woodward, Ben, ed. "Open a Vein: Suicidal Black Metal and Enlightenment". Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory. Brooklyn: Punctum Books (1): 5–19. ISBN 9780615758282. ISSN 2326-683X.
Santos, José Carlos (2012). "Epicus Doomicus Metallicus". In Terrorizer's Secret History of Doom Metal, pp. 60–62, ISSN 2041-2142

yourlastrites.com

Obstkrieg, Dan (12 January 2018). "Nortt – Endeligt Review". Last Rites. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2018.

ztmag.com

VIRTANEN, MIIKA (27 June 2011). "SOLSTICE ANNOUNCE NEW VOCALIST". Zero Tolerance. Diakses tanggal 22 July 2018.