Harga sampel emas, sebagai perbandingan, mulai sekitar tiga puluh lima kali lipat dari perak. Berdasarkan harga sampel untuk B, C, Al, Si, Ge, As, Se, Ag, Sb, Te, dan Au tersedia secara daring dari Alfa Aesa; Goodfellow; Metallium; dan United Nuclear Scientific.
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Harga sampel emas, sebagai perbandingan, mulai sekitar tiga puluh lima kali lipat dari perak. Berdasarkan harga sampel untuk B, C, Al, Si, Ge, As, Se, Ag, Sb, Te, dan Au tersedia secara daring dari Alfa Aesa; Goodfellow; Metallium; dan United Nuclear Scientific.
Harga sampel emas, sebagai perbandingan, mulai sekitar tiga puluh lima kali lipat dari perak. Berdasarkan harga sampel untuk B, C, Al, Si, Ge, As, Se, Ag, Sb, Te, dan Au tersedia secara daring dari Alfa Aesa; Goodfellow; Metallium; dan United Nuclear Scientific.
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New Scientist 1975; Soverna 2004; Eichler dkk. 2007; Austen 2012New Scientist 1975, 'Chemistry on the Islands of Stability', 11 Sep, p. 574, ISSN1032-1233 Soverna S 2004, 'Indication for a Gaseous Element 112', in U Grundinger (ed.), GSI Scientific Report 2003, GSI Report 2004–1, p. 187, ISSN0174-0814 Eichler R, Aksenov NV, Belozerov AV, Bozhikov GA, Chepigin VI, Dmitriev SN, Dressler R, Gäggeler HW, Gorshkov VA, Haenssler F, Itkis MG, Laube A, Lebedev VY, Malyshev ON, Oganessian YT, Petrushkin OV, Piguet D, Rasmussen P, Shishkin SV, Shutov, AV, Svirikhin AI, Tereshatov EE, Vostokin GK, Wegrzecki M & Yeremin AV 2007, 'Chemical Characterization of Element 112,' Nature, vol. 447, pp. 72–75, DOI:10.1038/nature05761 Austen K 2012, 'A Factory for Elements that Barely Exist', New Scientist, 21 Apr, p. 12
NIST 2010. Nilai yang ditunjukkan pada tabel di atas telah dikonversi dari nilai NIST, yang diberikan dalam satuan eV. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) 2010, Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for Neutral Atoms, by WC Martin, A Musgrove, S Kotochigova & JE Sansonetti, viewed 8 February 2013
osti.gov
Haller 2006, hlm. 4: "Studi dan pemahaman fisika semikonduktor berkembang lambat pada abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 ... Kotoran dan cacat ... tidak dapat dikontrol sampai tingkat yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang dapat direproduksi. Hal ini menyebabkan fisikawan berpengaruh, termasuk W. Pauli dan I. Rabi, berkomentar menghina tentang 'Fisika Kotoran'."; Hoddeson 2007, hlm. 25–34 (29) Haller EE 2006, 'Germanium: From its Discovery to SiGe Devices', Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, vol. 9, nos 4–5, DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2006.08.063, viewed 8 February 2013 Hoddeson L 2007, 'In the Wake of Thomas Kuhn's Theory of Scientific Revolutions: The Perspective of an Historian of Science,' in S Vosniadou, A Baltas & X Vamvakoussi (eds), Reframing the Conceptual Change Approach in Learning and Instruction, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 25–34, ISBN978-0-08-045355-2
Moore 2104; Universitas Utah 2014; Xu dkk. 2014 Moore NC 2014, '45-year Physics Mystery Shows a Path to Quantum Transistors', Michigan News, viewed 17 December 2014 University of Utah 2014, New 'Topological Insulator' Could Lead to Superfast Computers, Phys.org, viewed 15 December 2014 Xu Y, Miotkowski I, Liu C, Tian J, Nam H, Alidoust N, Hu J, Shih C-K, Hasan M & Chen YP 2014, 'Observation of Topological Surface State Quantum Hall Effect in an Intrinsic Three-dimensional Topological Insulator,' Nature Physics, vol, 10, pp. 956–63, DOI:10.1038/nphys3140
Harga sampel emas, sebagai perbandingan, mulai sekitar tiga puluh lima kali lipat dari perak. Berdasarkan harga sampel untuk B, C, Al, Si, Ge, As, Se, Ag, Sb, Te, dan Au tersedia secara daring dari Alfa Aesa; Goodfellow; Metallium; dan United Nuclear Scientific.
Okajima & Shomoji 1972, hlm. 258 Okajima Y & Shomoji M 1972, Viscosity of Dilute Amalgams', Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 255–58, ISSN0021-4434
Neuburger 1936 Neuburger MC 1936, 'Gitterkonstanten für das Jahr 1936' (in German), Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, vol. 93, pp. 1–36, ISSN0044-2968
New Scientist 1975; Soverna 2004; Eichler dkk. 2007; Austen 2012New Scientist 1975, 'Chemistry on the Islands of Stability', 11 Sep, p. 574, ISSN1032-1233 Soverna S 2004, 'Indication for a Gaseous Element 112', in U Grundinger (ed.), GSI Scientific Report 2003, GSI Report 2004–1, p. 187, ISSN0174-0814 Eichler R, Aksenov NV, Belozerov AV, Bozhikov GA, Chepigin VI, Dmitriev SN, Dressler R, Gäggeler HW, Gorshkov VA, Haenssler F, Itkis MG, Laube A, Lebedev VY, Malyshev ON, Oganessian YT, Petrushkin OV, Piguet D, Rasmussen P, Shishkin SV, Shutov, AV, Svirikhin AI, Tereshatov EE, Vostokin GK, Wegrzecki M & Yeremin AV 2007, 'Chemical Characterization of Element 112,' Nature, vol. 447, pp. 72–75, DOI:10.1038/nature05761 Austen K 2012, 'A Factory for Elements that Barely Exist', New Scientist, 21 Apr, p. 12
Adler 1969, hlm. 18–19 Adler D 1969, 'Half-way Elements: The Technology of Metalloids', book review, Technology Review, vol. 72, no. 1, Oct/Nov, pp. 18–19, ISSN0040-1692
Řezanka & Sigler 2008; Sekhon 2012 Řezanka T & Sigler K 2008, 'Biologically Active Compounds of Semi-Metals', Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, vol. 35, pp. 585–606, DOI:10.1016/S1572-5995(08)80018-X Sekhon BS 2012, 'Metalloid Compounds as Drugs', Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 145–58, ISSN1735-9414
Bomgardner 2013, hlm. 20 Bomgardner MM 2013, 'Thin-Film Solar Firms Revamp To Stay In The Game', Chemical & Engineering News, vol. 91, no. 20, pp. 20–21, ISSN0009-2347
Arlman 1939; Bagnall 1966, hlm. 135, 142–43 Arlman EJ 1939, 'The Complex Compounds P(OH)4.ClO4 and Se(OH)3.ClO4', Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 871–74, ISSN0165-0513 Bagnall KW 1966, The Chemistry of Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium, Elsevier, Amsterdam
Korenman 1959, hlm. 1368 Korenman IM 1959, 'Regularities in Properties of Thallium', Journal of General Chemistry of the USSR, English translation, Consultants Bureau, New York, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1366–90, ISSN0022-1279
Borst 1982, hlm. 465, 473 Borst KE 1982, 'Characteristic Properties of Metallic Crystals', Journal of Educational Modules for Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 457–92, ISSN0197-3940