Neanderthal (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Neanderthal" in Indonesian language version.

Last modified: 21:22:23, 12 October 2026 (UTC)

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Ruebens, K. (2013). "Regional behaviour among late Neanderthal groups in Western Europe: A comparative assessment of late Middle Palaeolithic bifacial tool variability". Journal of Human Evolution. 65 (4): 341–362. Bibcode:2013JHumE..65..341R. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.009. PMID 23928352.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Indonesian: 19^th place)

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Richards, Gary D.; Guipert, Gaspard; Jabbour, Rebecca S.; Defleur, Alban R. (2021). "Neanderthal cranial remains from Baume Moula-Guercy (Soyons, Ardèche, France)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 175 (1): 201–226. Bibcode:2021AJPA..175..201R. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24256. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 33644865.
Schmitz, R. W.; Serre, D.; Bonani, G.; et al. (2002). "The Neandertal type site revisited: interdisciplinary investigations of skeletal remains from the Neander Valley, Germany". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (20): 13342–13347. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913342S. doi:10.1073/pnas.192464099. PMC 130635. PMID 12232049.
Menez, A. (2018). "Custodian of the Gibraltar skull: the history of the Gibraltar Scientific Society". Earth Sciences History. 37 (1): 34–62. Bibcode:2018ESHis..37...34M. doi:10.17704/1944-6178-37.1.34.
Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Briggs, A. W.; et al. (2010). "A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–722. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178.
Petr, Martin; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Fu, Qiaomei; Essel, Elena; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Semal, Patrick; Golovanova, Liubov V.; Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; de la Rasilla, Marco; Rosas, Antonio; Shunkov, Michael V.; Kozlikin, Maxim B.; Derevianko, Anatoli P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes". Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 369 (6511): 1653–1656. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1653P. doi:10.1126/science.abb6460. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-11C2-A. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32973032.
Posth, C.; Wißing, C.; Kitagawa, K.; et al. (2017). "Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals". Nature Communications. 8 16046. Bibcode:2017NatCo...816046P. doi:10.1038/ncomms16046. PMC 5500885. PMID 28675384.
Meyer, M.; Arsuaga, J.; de Filippo, C.; Nagel, S. (2016). "Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins". Nature. 531 (7595): 504–507. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..504M. doi:10.1038/nature17405. PMID 26976447. S2CID 4467094.
Ni, Xijun; Ji, Qiang; Wu, Wensheng; Shao, Qingfeng; Ji, Yannan; Zhang, Chi; Liang, Lei; Ge, Junyi; Guo, Zhen; Li, Jinhua; Li, Qiang; Grün, Rainer; Stringer, Chris (2021). "Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage". The Innovation (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2 (3) 100130. Bibcode:2021Innov...200130N. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130. ISSN 2666-6758. PMC 8454562. PMID 34557770.
Hershkovitz, I.; May, H.; Sarig, R.; et al. (2021). "A Middle Pleistocene Homo from Nesher Ramla, Israel". Science. 372 (6549): 1424–1428. Bibcode:2021Sci...372.1424H. doi:10.1126/science.abh3169. S2CID 235628111.
Prüfer, K.; et al. (2014). "The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains". Nature. 505 (7481): 43–49. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...43P. doi:10.1038/nature12886. PMC 4031459. PMID 24352235.
Sawyer, S.; Renaud, G.; Viola, B.; Hublin, J. J. (2015). "Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (51): 15696–15700. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215696S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1519905112. PMC 4697428. PMID 26630009.
Rogers, A. R.; Harris, N. S.; Achenbach, A. A. (2020). "Neanderthal-Denisovan ancestors interbred with a distantly related hominin". Science Advances. 6 (8) eaay5483. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.5483R. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay5483. PMC 7032934. PMID 32128408.
Smith, T. M.; Tafforeau, P.; Reid, D. J.; et al. (2007). "Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (15): 6128–6133. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104. PMC 1828706. PMID 17372199.
Douka, K.; J., Zenobia; Lane, C.; et al. (2014). "The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya)". Journal of Human Evolution. 66: 39–63. Bibcode:2014JHumE..66...39D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.001. PMID 24331954.
Wu, X.-J.; Bruner, E. (2016). "The endocranial anatomy of Maba 1". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 160 (4): 633–643. Bibcode:2016AJPA..160..633W. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22974. PMID 26972814.
Nielsen, T. K.; Benito, B. M.; et al. (2017). "Investigating Neanderthal dispersal above 55°N in Europe during the Last Interglacial Complex". Quaternary International. 431: 88–103. Bibcode:2017QuInt.431...88N. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.039.
Pavlov, P.; Roebroeks, W.; Svendsen, J. I. (2004). "The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (1–2): 3–17. Bibcode:2004JHumE..47....3P. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.002. PMID 15288521.
Slimak, L.; Svendsen, J. I.; Mangerud, J.; Plisson, H. (2011). "Late Mousterian persistence near the Arctic Circle". Science. 332 (6031): 841–845. Bibcode:2011Sci...332..841S. doi:10.1126/science.1203866. JSTOR 29784275. PMID 21566192. S2CID 24688365.
Slimak, L. (2012). "Response to "Comment on Late Mousterian persistence near the Arctic Circle"". Science. 335 (6065): 167. Bibcode:2012Sci...335..167S. doi:10.1126/science.1210211. PMID 22246757.
Zwyns, N. (2012). "Comment on Late Mousterian persistence near the Arctic Circle". Science. 335 (6065): 167. Bibcode:2012Sci...335..167Z. doi:10.1126/science.1209908. PMID 22246757.
Pederzani, Sarah; Britton, Kate; Jones, Jennifer Rose; Agudo Pérez, Lucía; Geiling, Jeanne Marie; Marín-Arroyo, Ana B. (Juli 17, 2023). "Late Pleistocene Neanderthal exploitation of stable and mosaic ecosystems in northern Iberia shown by multi-isotope evidence". Quaternary Research (dalam bahasa Inggris). 116: 108–132. Bibcode:2023QuRes.116..108P. doi:10.1017/qua.2023.32. hdl:2164/21236. ISSN 0033-5894. Diakses tanggal Februari 7, 2024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Mafessoni, F.; Prüfer, K. (2017). "Better support for a small effective population size of Neandertals and a long shared history of Neandertals and Denisovans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (48): 10256–10257. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11410256M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1716918114. PMC 5715791. PMID 29138326.
Mellars, P.; French, J. C. (2011). "Tenfold population increase in Western Europe at the Neandertal-to-modern human transition". Science. 333 (6042): 623–627. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..623M. doi:10.1126/science.1206930. PMID 21798948. S2CID 28256970.
Trinkaus, E. (2011). "Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (4): 1267–1271. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.1267T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018700108. PMC 3029716. PMID 21220336.
Trinkaus, E. (1995). "Neanderthal mortality patterns". Journal of Archaeological Science. 22 (1): 121–142. Bibcode:1995JArSc..22..121T. doi:10.1016/S0305-4403(95)80170-7.
Amano, H.; Kikuchi, T.; Morita, Y.; Kondo, O.; Suzuki, H.; et al. (2015). "Virtual reconstruction of the Neanderthal Amud 1 cranium" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 158 (2): 185–197. Bibcode:2015AJPA..158..185A. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22777. hdl:10261/123419. PMID 26249757. S2CID 36974955.
Gunz, Philipp; Maureille, Bruno; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (2010). "Brain Development after Birth Differs between Neanderthals and Modern Humans". Current Biology. 20 (21): R921–R922. Bibcode:2010CBio...20.R921G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.018. PMID 21056830. S2CID 29295311.
de Azevedo, S.; González, M. F.; Cintas, C.; et al. (2017). "Nasal airflow simulations suggest convergent adaptation in Neanderthals and modern humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (47): 12442–12447. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11412442D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1703790114. PMC 5703271. PMID 29087302.
Bastir, Markus; Rosas, Antonio; Gunz, Philipp; Peña-Melian, Angel; Manzi, Giorgio; Harvati, Katerina; Kruszynski, Robert; Stringer, Chris; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (2011). "Evolution of the Base of the Brain in Highly Encephalized Human Species". Nature Communications. 2 (2): 588. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..588B. doi:10.1038/ncomms1593. hdl:10261/123641. PMID 22158443.
Clement, A. F.; Hillson, S. W.; Aiello, L. C. (2012). "Tooth wear, Neanderthal facial morphology and the anterior dental loading hypothesis". Journal of Human Evolution. 62 (3): 367–376. Bibcode:2012JHumE..62..367C. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.014. PMID 22341317.
Duveau, J.; Berillon, G.; Verna, C.; Laisné, G.; Cliquet, D. (2019). "The composition of a Neandertal social group revealed by the hominin footprints at Le Rozel (Normandy, France)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (39): 19409–19414. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11619409D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1901789116. PMC 6765299. PMID 31501334.
Bastir, M.; Ruíz, J. M. G.; Rueda, J.; López, G. G.; Gómez-Recio, M.; Beyer, B.; San Juan, A. F.; Navarro, E. (2022). "Variation in human 3D trunk shape and its functional implications in hominin evolution". Scientific Reports. 12 (1) 11762. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1211762B. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15344-x. PMC 9273616. PMID 35817835.
Weaver, T. D. (2009). "The meaning of Neandertal skeletal morphology". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (38): 16, 028–16, 033. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10616028W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903864106. PMC 2752516. PMID 19805258.
Stewart, J.R.; García-Rodríguez, O.; Knul, M.V.; Sewell, L.; Montgomery, H.; Thomas, M.G.; Diekmann, Y. (2019). "Palaeoecological and genetic evidence for Neanderthal power locomotion as an adaptation to a woodland environment". Quaternary Science Reviews. 217: 310–315. Bibcode:2019QSRv..217..310S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.023. S2CID 133980969.
Lalueza-Fox, C.; Rompler, H.; Caramelli, D.; et al. (2007). "A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals". Science. 318 (5855): 1453–1455. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1453L. doi:10.1126/science.1147417. PMID 17962522. S2CID 10087710.
Trinkaus, E.; Villotte, S (2017). "External auditory exostoses and hearing loss in the Shanidar 1 Neandertal". PLOS ONE. 12 (10) e0186684. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286684T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186684. PMC 5650169. PMID 29053746.
Trinkaus, E.; Samsel, M.; Villotte, S. (2019). "External auditory exostoses among western Eurasian late Middle and Late Pleistocene humans". PLOS ONE. 14 (8) e0220464. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1420464T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220464. PMC 6693685. PMID 31412053.
Camarós, E.; Cueto, M.; Lorenzo, C.; Villaverde, V. (2016). "Large carnivore attacks on hominins during the Pleistocene: a forensic approach with a Neanderthal example". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 8 (3): 635–646. Bibcode:2016ArAnS...8..635C. doi:10.1007/s12520-015-0248-1. hdl:10550/54275. S2CID 82001651.
Fabre, V.; Condemi, S.; Degioanni, A. (2009). "Genetic evidence of geographical groups among Neanderthals". PLOS ONE. 4 (4) e5151. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5151F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005151. PMC 2664900. PMID 19367332.
Ruebens, K. (2013). "Regional behaviour among late Neanderthal groups in Western Europe: A comparative assessment of late Middle Palaeolithic bifacial tool variability". Journal of Human Evolution. 65 (4): 341–362. Bibcode:2013JHumE..65..341R. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.009. PMID 23928352.
Jaouen, K.; et al. (2019). "Exceptionally high δ15N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (11): 4928–4933. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.4928J. doi:10.1073/pnas.1814087116. PMC 6421459. PMID 30782806.
El Zaatari, S.; Grine, F. E.; Ungar, P. S.; Hublin, J.-J. (2016). "Neandertal versus modern human dietary responses to climatic fluctuations". PLOS ONE. 11 (4) e0153277. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1153277E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153277. PMC 4847867. PMID 27119336.
Smith, G. M. (2015). "Neanderthal megafaunal exploitation in Western Europe and its dietary implications: A contextual reassessment of La Cotte de St Brelade (Jersey)". Journal of Human Evolution. 78: 181–201. Bibcode:2015JHumE..78..181S. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.007. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 25454779.
Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine; Kindler, Lutz; MacDonald, Katharine; Roebroeks, Wil (Februari 3, 2023). "Hunting and processing of straight-tusked elephants 125.000 years ago: Implications for Neanderthal behavior". Science Advances (dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 (5) eadd8186. Bibcode:2023SciA....9D8186G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.add8186. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 9891704. PMID 36724231.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Power, R. C.; Salazar-García, D. C.; Rubini, M.; Darlas, A.; Harvati, K.; Walker, M.; Hublin, J.; Henry, A. G. (2018). "Dental calculus indicates widespread plant use within the stable Neanderthal dietary niche". Journal of Human Evolution. 119: 27–41. Bibcode:2018JHumE.119...27P. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.009. hdl:10550/65536. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 29685752. S2CID 13831823.
Hardy, K.; Buckley, S.; Collins, M. J.; Estalrrich, A. (2012). "Neanderthal medics? Evidence for food, cooking, and medicinal plants entrapped in dental calculus". The Science of Nature. 99 (8): 617–626. Bibcode:2012NW.....99..617H. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0942-0. hdl:10651/7043. PMID 22806252. S2CID 10925552.
Nabais, M.; Portero, R.; Zilhão, J. (2024). "Neanderthal brown crab recipes: A combined approach using experimental, archaeological and ethnographic evidence". Historical Biology. 36 (8): 1487–1495. Bibcode:2024HBio...36.1487N. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2220005. hdl:10366/156668.
Valensi, P.; Michel, V.; et al. (2013). "New data on human behavior from a 160,000 year old Acheulean occupation level at Lazaret cave, south-east France: An archaeozoological approach". Quaternary International. 316: 123–139. Bibcode:2013QuInt.316..123V. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.034.
Kindler, Lutz; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine; Scherjon, Fulco; Garcia-Moreno, Alejandro; Smith, Geoff M.; Pop, Eduard; Speth, John D.; Roebroeks, Wil (2025). "Large-scale processing of within-bone nutrients by Neanderthals, 125,000 years ago". Science Advances. 11 (27) eadv1257. Bibcode:2025SciA...11.1257K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adv1257. PMC 12219469. PMID 40601744.
Romandini, M.; Terlato, G.; Nannini, N. (2018). "Bears and humans, a Neanderthal tale. Reconstructing uncommon behaviors from zooarchaeological evidence in southern Europe". Journal of Archaeological Science. 90: 71–91. Bibcode:2018JArSc..90...71R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.12.004. hdl:11392/2381729. S2CID 53410125.
Ecker, Michaela; Bocherens, Hervé; Julien, Marie-Anne; Rivals, Florent; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Moncel, Marie-Hélène (2013). "Middle Pleistocene ecology and Neanderthal subsistence: Insights from stable isotope analyses in Payre (Ardèche, southeastern France)". Journal of Human Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). 65 (4): 363–373. Bibcode:2013JHumE..65..363E. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.013. PMID 23920410.
Hoffman, D. L.; Angelucci, D. E.; Villaverde, V.; Zapata, Z.; Zilhão, J. (2018). "Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago". Science Advances. 4 (2) eaar5255. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5255H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar5255. PMC 5833998. PMID 29507889.
Finlayson, S.; Finlayson, G.; Guzman, F. G.; Finlayson, C. (2019). "Neanderthals and the cult of the sun bird". Quaternary Science Reviews. 217: 217–224. Bibcode:2019QSRv..217..217F. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.010. S2CID 149949579.
Hardy, B. L.; Moncel, M.-H.; Kerfant, C.; Lebon, M.; Bellot-Gurlet, L.; Mélard, N. (April 9, 2020). "Direct evidence of Neanderthal fibre technology and its cognitive and behavioral implications". Scientific Reports (dalam bahasa Inggris). 10 (1) 4889. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.4889H. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61839-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7145842. PMID 32273518.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Majkić, A.; d’Errico, F.; Stepanchuk, V. (2018). "Assessing the significance of Palaeolithic engraved cortexes. A case study from the Mousterian site of Kiik-Koba, Crimea". PLOS ONE. 13 (5) e0195049. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1395049M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195049. PMC 5931501. PMID 29718916.
Marquet, J.-C.; Freiesleben, T. H.; Thomsen, K. J. (2023). "The earliest unambiguous Neanderthal engravings on cave walls: La Roche-Cotard, Loire Valley, France". PLOS ONE. 18 (6) e0286568. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1886568M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286568. PMC 10284424. PMID 37343032.
Roebroeks, W.; Sier, M. J.; Nielsen, T. K.; et al. (2012). "Use of red ochre by early Neandertals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (6): 1889–1894. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.1889R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1112261109. PMC 3277516. PMID 22308348.
Lycett, S. J.; von Cramon-Taubadel, N. (2013). "A 3D morphometric analysis of surface geometry in Levallois cores: patterns of stability and variability across regions and their implications". Journal of Archaeological Science. 40 (3): 1508–1517. Bibcode:2013JArSc..40.1508L. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.11.005.
Villa, P.; Soriano, S.; Pollarolo, L. (2020). "Neandertals on the beach: use of marine resources at Grotta dei Moscerini (Latium, Italy)". PLOS ONE. 15 (1) e0226690. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1526690V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226690. PMC 6961883. PMID 31940356.
Martisius, N. L.; Welker, F.; Dogandžić, T.; et al. (2020). "Non-destructive ZooMS identification reveals strategic bone tool raw material selection by Neandertals". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 7746. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.7746M. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64358-w. PMC 7210944. PMID 32385291.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link)
Degano, I.; Soriano, S.; Villa, P.; Pollarolo, L.; Lukejko, J. J.; Jacobs, Z.; Douka, K.; Vitagliano, S.; Tozzi, C. (2019). "Hafting of Middle Paleolithic tools in Latium (central Italy): new data from Fossellone and Sant'Agostino caves". PLOS ONE. 14 (6) e0213473. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1413473D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213473. PMC 6586293. PMID 31220106.
Schoch, Werner H.; Bigga, Gerlinde; Böhner, Utz; Richter, Pascale; Terberger, Thomas (Desember 2015). "New insights on the wooden weapons from the Paleolithic site of Schöningen". Journal of Human Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). 89: 214–225. Bibcode:2015JHumE..89..214S. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.004. PMID 26442632.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; Indonesian: 2,325^th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

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biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; Indonesian: 164^th place)

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biostor.org (Global: 8,163^rd place; Indonesian: 8,172^nd place)

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bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Indonesian: 751^st place)

gallica.bnf.fr

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books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Indonesian: 4^th place)

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electricscotland.com (Global: 8,530^th place; Indonesian: low place)

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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Indonesian: 122^nd place)

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id.wikisource.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: 138^th place)

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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Indonesian: 38^th place)

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kb.dk (Global: 8,422^nd place; Indonesian: low place)

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mettmann.de (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Neandertal oder Neanderthal? Was ist denn nun richtig?" [Neandertal atau Neanderthal? Jadi mana yang sebenarnya benar?]. Kreisstadt Mettmann. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal Agustus 9, 2020. Diakses tanggal Februari 1, 2017. Heute sollten Ortsbezeichnungen das 'Neandertal' ohne 'h' bezeichnen. Alle Namen, die sich auf den prähistorischen Menschen beziehen, führen das 'h'. (Saat ini, nama tempat harus merujuk pada Lembah Neander ['Neandertal'] tanpa huruf 'h'. Semua nama yang merujuk pada manusia prasejarah menggunakan huruf 'h'.){{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

mpg.de (Global: 1,722^nd place; Indonesian: 1,705^th place)

pure.mpg.de

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nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Indonesian: 261^st place)

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naturhistorischerverein.de (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Indonesian: 6^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; Indonesian: 65^th place)

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science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; Indonesian: 1,143^rd place)

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sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Indonesian: 144^th place)

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semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Indonesian: 26^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

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springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; Indonesian: 240^th place)

link.springer.com

Dusseldorp, G. L. (2013). "Neanderthals and Cave Hyenas: Co-existence, Competition or Conflict?" (PDF). Dalam Clark, J. L.; Speth, J. D. (ed.). Zooarchaeology and Modern Human Origins. Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. hlm. 191–208. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6766-9_12. ISBN 978-94-007-6765-2.

sticks-and-stones.blog (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Milks, A. (2020) Yew wood, would you? An exploration of the selection of wood for Pleistocene spears. In: Berihuete-Azorin, M., Martin Seijo, M., Lopez-Bulto, O. and Pique, R. (eds.) The Missing Woodland Resources: Archaeobotanical studies of the use of plant raw materials. Advances in Archaeobotany, 6 (6). Barkhuis Publishing, Groningen, pp. 5-22. ISBN 978-94-93194-35-9

udc.es (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

Wunn, I. (2001). "Cave bear worship in the Paleolithic" (PDF). Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. 26: 457–463.

uliege.be (Global: 7,009^th place; Indonesian: low place)

orbi.uliege.be

Schmerling, P. (1834). Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles découverts dans les cavernes de la province de Liége [Penelitian tentang spesimen fosil yang ditemukan di gua-gua Liège]. P. J. Collardin. hlm. 30–32. hdl:2268/207986.

unibe.ch (Global: 2,779^th place; Indonesian: 2,694^th place)

blog.wbkolleg.unibe.ch

Sommer, M. (2006). "Mirror, mirror on the wall: Neanderthal as image and 'distortion' in early 20th-century French science and press" (PDF). Social Studies of Science. 36 (2): 207–240. doi:10.1177/0306312706054527. S2CID 145778787.

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380^th place; Indonesian: 4,054^th place)

zora.uzh.ch

Amano, H.; Kikuchi, T.; Morita, Y.; Kondo, O.; Suzuki, H.; et al. (2015). "Virtual reconstruction of the Neanderthal Amud 1 cranium" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 158 (2): 185–197. Bibcode:2015AJPA..158..185A. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22777. hdl:10261/123419. PMID 26249757. S2CID 36974955.

wayne.edu (Global: 9,061^st place; Indonesian: low place)

digitalcommons.wayne.edu

Hofreiter, M. (2011). "Drafting human ancestry: What does the Neanderthal genome tell us about hominid evolution? Commentary on Green et al. (2010)". Human Biology. 83 (1): 1–11. doi:10.3378/027.083.0101. PMID 21453001. S2CID 15005225.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Indonesian: 1^st place)

"Neandertal oder Neanderthal? Was ist denn nun richtig?" [Neandertal atau Neanderthal? Jadi mana yang sebenarnya benar?]. Kreisstadt Mettmann. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal Agustus 9, 2020. Diakses tanggal Februari 1, 2017. Heute sollten Ortsbezeichnungen das 'Neandertal' ohne 'h' bezeichnen. Alle Namen, die sich auf den prähistorischen Menschen beziehen, führen das 'h'. (Saat ini, nama tempat harus merujuk pada Lembah Neander ['Neandertal'] tanpa huruf 'h'. Semua nama yang merujuk pada manusia prasejarah menggunakan huruf 'h'.){{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Serangeli, J.; Bolus, M. (2008). "Out of Europe - The dispersal of a successful European hominin form" (PDF). Quartär. 55: 83–98. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal Februari 29, 2020. Diakses tanggal Oktober 11, 2022.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

webfactional.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

paleoanthro.reedd.webfactional.com

Froehle, A. W.; Churchill, S. E. (2009). "Energetic competition between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans" (PDF). PaleoAnthropology: 96–116.

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,283^rd place; Indonesian: 5,662^nd place)

eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

Spikins, P.; Hitchens, G.; Needham, A.; et al. (2014). "The Cradle of Thought: Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal Children" (PDF). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 33 (2): 111–134. doi:10.1111/ojoa.12030.

wiktionary.org (Global: 1,064^th place; Indonesian: 854^th place)

id.wiktionary.org

Fonem /t/ bahasa Jerman sering dieja th dari abad ke-15 hingga ke-19 sampai Konferensi Ortografi Jerman 1901. Ejaan Jerman Thal ("lembah", sebuah kognat dari kata bahasa Inggris dale) berubah menjadi Tal, dan huruf h juga dihilangkan dari Neandertal untuk nama lembah dan Neandertaler untuk spesiesnya.^[10]

worktribe.com (Global: 8,094^th place; Indonesian: low place)

durham-repository.worktribe.com

Murray, J.; Nasheuer, H. P.; Seoighe, C.; McCormack, G. P.; Williams, D. M.; Harper, D. A. T. (2015). "The contribution of William King to the early development of palaeoanthropology". Irish Journal of Earth Sciences. 33: 1–16. doi:10.3318/ijes.2015.33.1. JSTOR 10.3318/ijes.2015.33.1. S2CID 131804686.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Richards, Gary D.; Guipert, Gaspard; Jabbour, Rebecca S.; Defleur, Alban R. (2021). "Neanderthal cranial remains from Baume Moula-Guercy (Soyons, Ardèche, France)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 175 (1): 201–226. Bibcode:2021AJPA..175..201R. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24256. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 33644865.
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Petr, Martin; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Fu, Qiaomei; Essel, Elena; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Semal, Patrick; Golovanova, Liubov V.; Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; de la Rasilla, Marco; Rosas, Antonio; Shunkov, Michael V.; Kozlikin, Maxim B.; Derevianko, Anatoli P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes". Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 369 (6511): 1653–1656. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1653P. doi:10.1126/science.abb6460. hdl:21.11116/0000-0007-11C2-A. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32973032.
Ni, Xijun; Ji, Qiang; Wu, Wensheng; Shao, Qingfeng; Ji, Yannan; Zhang, Chi; Liang, Lei; Ge, Junyi; Guo, Zhen; Li, Jinhua; Li, Qiang; Grün, Rainer; Stringer, Chris (2021). "Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage". The Innovation (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2 (3) 100130. Bibcode:2021Innov...200130N. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130. ISSN 2666-6758. PMC 8454562. PMID 34557770.
Pederzani, Sarah; Britton, Kate; Jones, Jennifer Rose; Agudo Pérez, Lucía; Geiling, Jeanne Marie; Marín-Arroyo, Ana B. (Juli 17, 2023). "Late Pleistocene Neanderthal exploitation of stable and mosaic ecosystems in northern Iberia shown by multi-isotope evidence". Quaternary Research (dalam bahasa Inggris). 116: 108–132. Bibcode:2023QuRes.116..108P. doi:10.1017/qua.2023.32. hdl:2164/21236. ISSN 0033-5894. Diakses tanggal Februari 7, 2024.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Smith, G. M. (2015). "Neanderthal megafaunal exploitation in Western Europe and its dietary implications: A contextual reassessment of La Cotte de St Brelade (Jersey)". Journal of Human Evolution. 78: 181–201. Bibcode:2015JHumE..78..181S. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.007. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 25454779.
Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine; Kindler, Lutz; MacDonald, Katharine; Roebroeks, Wil (Februari 3, 2023). "Hunting and processing of straight-tusked elephants 125.000 years ago: Implications for Neanderthal behavior". Science Advances (dalam bahasa Inggris). 9 (5) eadd8186. Bibcode:2023SciA....9D8186G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.add8186. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 9891704. PMID 36724231.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Power, R. C.; Salazar-García, D. C.; Rubini, M.; Darlas, A.; Harvati, K.; Walker, M.; Hublin, J.; Henry, A. G. (2018). "Dental calculus indicates widespread plant use within the stable Neanderthal dietary niche". Journal of Human Evolution. 119: 27–41. Bibcode:2018JHumE.119...27P. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.009. hdl:10550/65536. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 29685752. S2CID 13831823.
Hardy, B. L.; Moncel, M.-H.; Kerfant, C.; Lebon, M.; Bellot-Gurlet, L.; Mélard, N. (April 9, 2020). "Direct evidence of Neanderthal fibre technology and its cognitive and behavioral implications". Scientific Reports (dalam bahasa Inggris). 10 (1) 4889. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.4889H. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61839-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7145842. PMID 32273518.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Sorensen, A. C.; Claud, E.; Soressi, M. (2018). "Neandertal fire-making technology inferred from microwear analysis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 10065. Bibcode:2018NatSR...810065S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28342-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6053370. PMID 30026576.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: DOI bebas tanpa ditandai (link)
Davis, Rob; Hatch, Marcus; Hoare, Sally; Lewis, Simon G.; Lucas, Claire; Parfitt, Simon A.; Bello, Silvia M.; Lewis, Mark; Mansfield, Jordan; Najorka, Jens; O’Connor, Simon; Peglar, Sylvia; Sorensen, Andrew; Stringer, Chris; Ashton, Nick (2025-12-10). "Earliest evidence of making fire". Nature (dalam bahasa Inggris): 1–7. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09855-6. ISSN 1476-4687.
Daniel Harris; Alexander Platt; Matthew E.B. Hansen; Shaohua Fan; Michael A. McQuillan; Thomas Nyambo; Sununguko Wata Mpoloka; Gaonyadiwe George Mokone; Gurja Belay; Charles Fokunang; Alfred K. Njamnshi; Sarah A. Tishkoff (2023). "Diverse African genomes reveal selection on ancient modern human introgressions in Neanderthals". Current Biology. 33 (22): 4905–4916.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.066. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 10841429. PMID 37837965.
Hortolà, Policarp; Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido (Mei 8, 2013). "The Quaternary megafaunal extinction and the fate of Neanderthals: An integrative working hypothesis". Quaternary International. East meets West: First settlements and human evolution in Eurasia. 295: 69–72. Bibcode:2013QuInt.295...69H. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.037. ISSN 1040-6182. Diakses tanggal Februari 5, 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Straus, Lawrence Guy (2020). "Neanderthal last stand? Thoughts on Iberian refugia in late MIS 3". Journal of Quaternary Science. 37 (2): 283–290. doi:10.1002/jqs.3252. ISSN 1099-1417.
Bicho, Nuno; Carvalho, Milena (2022). "Peninsular southern Europe refugia during the Middle Palaeolithic: an introduction". Journal of Quaternary Science. 37 (2): 133–135. Bibcode:2022JQS....37..133B. doi:10.1002/jqs.3410. ISSN 1099-1417.
Pigott, E. M.; Uthmeier, T.; Chabai, V.; Higham, T. F. G. (2024). "The Late Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic in Crimea (Ukraine)—A Review of the Neanderthal Refugium Hypothesis". Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology. 7 (1): 27. Bibcode:2024JPalA...7...27P. doi:10.1007/s41982-024-00194-y. ISSN 2520-8217.
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Neanderthal (Indonesian Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; Indonesian: 107th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; Indonesian: 19th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364th place; Indonesian: 2,325th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; Indonesian: 3rd place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168th place; Indonesian: 164th place)

biostor.org (Global: 8,163rd place; Indonesian: 8,172nd place)

bnf.fr (Global: 61st place; Indonesian: 751st place)

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Indonesian: 4th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; Indonesian: 224th place)

clarku.edu (Global: 9,653rd place; Indonesian: 4,127th place)

aleph0.clarku.edu

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831st place; Indonesian: 935th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982nd place; Indonesian: 2,852nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Indonesian: 2nd place)

electricscotland.com (Global: 8,530th place; Indonesian: low place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; Indonesian: 325th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; Indonesian: 122nd place)

id.wikisource.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: 138th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; Indonesian: 38th place)

kb.dk (Global: 8,422nd place; Indonesian: low place)

img.kb.dk

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; Indonesian: 186th place)

mettmann.de (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

mpg.de (Global: 1,722nd place; Indonesian: 1,705th place)

pure.mpg.de

nature.com (Global: 207th place; Indonesian: 261st place)

naturhistorischerverein.de (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; Indonesian: 6th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nrs.harvard.edu (Global: 9,134th place; Indonesian: low place)

oregonstate.edu (Global: 2,217th place; Indonesian: 1,615th place)

syslearn.oregonstate.edu

oup.com (Global: 292nd place; Indonesian: 300th place)

global.oup.com

paleoanthro.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

quartaer.eu (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; Indonesian: 65th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007th place; Indonesian: 1,143rd place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; Indonesian: 144th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; Indonesian: 26th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; Indonesian: 240th place)

link.springer.com

sticks-and-stones.blog (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

udc.es (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

uliege.be (Global: 7,009th place; Indonesian: low place)

orbi.uliege.be

unibe.ch (Global: 2,779th place; Indonesian: 2,694th place)

blog.wbkolleg.unibe.ch

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380th place; Indonesian: 4,054th place)

zora.uzh.ch

wayne.edu (Global: 9,061st place; Indonesian: low place)

digitalcommons.wayne.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Indonesian: 1st place)

webfactional.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

paleoanthro.reedd.webfactional.com

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,283rd place; Indonesian: 5,662nd place)

eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

wiktionary.org (Global: 1,064th place; Indonesian: 854th place)

id.wiktionary.org

worktribe.com (Global: 8,094th place; Indonesian: low place)

durham-repository.worktribe.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; Indonesian: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; Indonesian: 107^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Indonesian: 19^th place)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; Indonesian: 2,325^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; Indonesian: 164^th place)

biostor.org (Global: 8,163^rd place; Indonesian: 8,172^nd place)

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Indonesian: 751^st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Indonesian: 4^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; Indonesian: 224^th place)

clarku.edu (Global: 9,653^rd place; Indonesian: 4,127^th place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; Indonesian: 935^th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; Indonesian: 2,852^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Indonesian: 2^nd place)

electricscotland.com (Global: 8,530^th place; Indonesian: low place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; Indonesian: 325^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Indonesian: 122^nd place)

id.wikisource.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: 138^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Indonesian: 38^th place)

kb.dk (Global: 8,422^nd place; Indonesian: low place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; Indonesian: 186^th place)

mpg.de (Global: 1,722^nd place; Indonesian: 1,705^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Indonesian: 261^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Indonesian: 6^th place)

nrs.harvard.edu (Global: 9,134^th place; Indonesian: low place)

oregonstate.edu (Global: 2,217^th place; Indonesian: 1,615^th place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; Indonesian: 300^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; Indonesian: 65^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; Indonesian: 1,143^rd place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Indonesian: 144^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Indonesian: 26^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; Indonesian: 240^th place)

uliege.be (Global: 7,009^th place; Indonesian: low place)

unibe.ch (Global: 2,779^th place; Indonesian: 2,694^th place)

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380^th place; Indonesian: 4,054^th place)

wayne.edu (Global: 9,061^st place; Indonesian: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Indonesian: 1^st place)

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,283^rd place; Indonesian: 5,662^nd place)

wiktionary.org (Global: 1,064^th place; Indonesian: 854^th place)

worktribe.com (Global: 8,094^th place; Indonesian: low place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)