Torium (Indonesian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Torium" in Indonesian language version.

Last modified: 23:22:01, 9 July 2026 (UTC)

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Evans, B. (2006). "Scientist urges switch to thorium". ABC News. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 28 Maret 2010. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2011.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Alberici, Emma (29 Januari 2019). "Italian military officials' trial ignites suspicions of links between weapon testing and birth defects in Sardinia". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Diakses tanggal 29 Januari 2019.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Indonesian: 19^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Johansson, B.; Abuja, R.; Eriksson, O.; Wills, J. M. (1995). "Anomalous fcc crystal structure of thorium metal". Physical Review Letters. 75 (2): 280–283. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75..280J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.280. PMID 10059654. {{cite journal}}:
Audi, G.; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A. H. (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729 (1): 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.8504. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 24 Juli 2013. {{cite journal}}: ; Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Bonetti, R.; Chiesa, C.; Guglielmetti, A.; Matheoud, R.; Poli, G.; Mikheev, V. L.; Tretyakova, S. P. (1995). "First observation of spontaneous fission and search for cluster decay of ²³²Th". Physical Review C. 51 (5): 2530–2533. Bibcode:1995PhRvC..51.2530B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.51.2530. PMID 9970335. {{cite journal}}:
Ikezoe, H.; Ikuta, T.; Hamada, S.; Nagame, Y.; Nishinaka, I.; Tsukada, K.; Oura, Y.; Ohtsuki, T. (1996). "alpha decay of a new isotope of ²⁰⁹Th". Physical Review C. 54 (4): 2043–2046. Bibcode:1996PhRvC..54.2043I. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2043. PMID 9971554. {{cite journal}}:
Ruchowska, E.; Płóciennik, W. A.; Żylicz, J.; Mach; Kvasil; Algora; Amzal; Bäck; Borge; Boutami; Butler; Cederkäll; Cederwall; Fogelberg; Fraile; Fynbo; Hagebø; Hoff; Gausemel; Jungclaus; Kaczarowski; Kerek; Kurcewicz; Lagergren; Nacher; Rubio; Syntfeld; Tengblad; Wasilewski; Weissman (2006). "Nuclear structure of ²²⁹Th". Physical Review C. 73 (4): 044326. Bibcode:2006PhRvC..73d4326R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.73.044326. hdl:10261/12130. {{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: nomor artikel sebagai nomor halaman (link)
Beck, B. R.; Becker, J. A.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown; Moody; Wilhelmy; Porter; Kilbourne; Kelley (2007). "Energy splitting in the ground state doublet in the nucleus ²²⁹Th". Physical Review Letters. 98 (14): 142501. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98n2501B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.142501. PMID 17501268. {{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: nomor artikel sebagai nomor halaman (link)
von der Wense, L.; Seiferle, B.; Laatiaoui, M.; Neumayr, Jürgen B.; Maier, Hans-Jörg; Wirth, Hans-Friedrich; Mokry, Christoph; Runke, Jörg; Eberhardt, Klaus; Düllmann, Christoph E.; Trautmann, Norbert G.; Thirolf, Peter G. (2016). "Direct detection of the ²²⁹Th nuclear clock transition". Nature. 533 (7601): 47–51. arXiv:1710.11398. Bibcode:2016Natur.533...47V. doi:10.1038/nature17669. PMID 27147026. {{cite journal}}:
Martin, W. C.; Hagan, L.; Reader, J.; Sugan, J. (1974). "Ground Levels and Ionization Potentials for Lanthanide and Actinide Atoms and Ions" (PDF). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 3 (3): 771–779. Bibcode:1974JPCRD...3..771M. doi:10.1063/1.3253147. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 4 Maret 2016. Diakses tanggal 19 Oktober 2013. {{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Yamashita, Toshiyuki; Nitani, Noriko; Tsuji, Toshihide; Inagaki, Hironitsu (1997). "Thermal expansions of NpO₂ and some other actinide dioxides". J. Nucl. Mater. 245 (1): 72–78. Bibcode:1997JNuM..245...72Y. doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(96)00750-7.
Ivey, H. F. (1974). "Candoluminescence and radical-excited luminescence". Journal of Luminescence. 8 (4): 271–307. Bibcode:1974JLum....8..271I. doi:10.1016/0022-2313(74)90001-5.
Cameron, A. G. W. (1973). "Abundance of the Elements in the Solar System" (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 15 (1): 121–146. Bibcode:1973SSRv...15..121C. doi:10.1007/BF00172440. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 21 Oktober 2011.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Frebel, Anna; Beers, Timothy C. (2018). "The formation of the heaviest elements". Physics Today. 71 (1): 30–37. arXiv:1801.01190. Bibcode:2018PhT....71a..30F. doi:10.1063/pt.3.3815. ISSN 0031-9228.
Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; Christlieb, Norbert; Pfeiffer, Bernd; Cowan, John J.; Sneden, Christopher (2009). "The End of Nucleosynthesis: Production of Lead and Thorium in the Early Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–1980. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. {{cite journal}}:
Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; F. Hoyle (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-06-24. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-09. {{cite journal}}: ;
Diamond, H.; Friedman, A. M.; Gindler, J. E.; Fields, P. R. (1956). "Possible Existence of Cm²⁴⁷ or Its Daughters in Nature". Physical Review. 105 (2): 679–680. Bibcode:1957PhRv..105..679D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.105.679. {{cite journal}}:
Rao, M. N.; Gopalan, K. (1973). "Curium-248 in the Early Solar System". Nature. 245 (5424): 304–307. Bibcode:1973Natur.245..304R. doi:10.1038/245304a0.
Rosenblatt, D. B. (1953). "Effects of a Primeval Endowment of U²³⁶". Physical Review. 91 (6): 1474–1475. Bibcode:1953PhRv...91.1474R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.91.1474.
Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Ichimura, K.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Kibe, Y.; Kishimoto, Y.; Koga, M.; Minekawa, Y.; Mitsui, T.; Morikawa, T.; Nagai, N.; Nakajima, K.; Nakamura, K.; Narita, K.; Shimizu, I.; Shimizu, Y.; Shirai, J.; Suekane, F.; Suzuki, A.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, N.; Takemoto, Y.; Tamae, K.; Watanabe, H.; Xu, B. D.; Yabumoto, H.; Yoshida, H.; Yoshida, S.; Enomoto, S. (2011). "Partial radiogenic heat model for Earth revealed by geoneutrino measurements" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 4 (9): 647–651. Bibcode:2011NatGe...4..647K. doi:10.1038/ngeo1205. {{cite journal}}:
Weeks, M. E. (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XI. Some elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: Zirconium, titanium, cerium, and thorium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (7): 1231. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1231W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1231.
Berzelius, J. J. (1829). "Untersuchung eines neues Minerals und einer darin erhalten zuvor unbekannten Erde" [Investigasi suatu mineral baru beserta oksida tak diketahui yang terkandung di dalamnya]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 16 (7): 385–415. Bibcode:1829AnP....92..385B. doi:10.1002/andp.18290920702. (modern citation: Annalen der Physik, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 385–415).
Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 11 Juni 2010.
Schmidt, G. C. (1898). "Über die von den Thorverbindungen und einigen anderen Substanzen ausgehende Strahlung" [Tentang radiasi yang dipancarkan oleh senyawa torium dan beberapa senyawa lainnya]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 65 (5): 141–151. Bibcode:1898AnP...301..141S. doi:10.1002/andp.18983010512. (modern citation: Annalen der Physik, vol. 301, pp. 141–151 (1898)).
Furuta, E.; Yoshizawa, Y.; Aburai, T. (2000). "Comparisons between radioactive and non-radioactive gas lantern mantles". J. Radiol. Prot. 20 (4): 423–431. Bibcode:2000JRP....20..423F. doi:10.1088/0952-4746/20/4/305. PMID 11140713.
Toepker, Terrence P. (1996). "Thorium and yttrium in gas lantern mantles". American Journal of Physics. 64 (2): 109. Bibcode:1996AmJPh..64..109T. doi:10.1119/1.18463.
Poljanc, K.; Steinhauser, G.; Sterba, J. H.; Buchtela, K.; Bichler, M. (2007). "Beyond low-level activity: on a "non-radioactive" gas mantle". Science of the Total Environment. 374 (1): 36–42. Bibcode:2007ScTEn.374...36P. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.024. PMID 17270253. {{cite journal}}:
Huyskens, C. J.; Hemelaar, J. T.; Kicken, P. J. (1985). "Dose estimates for exposure to radioactivity in gas mantles". Sci. Total Environ. 45: 157–164. Bibcode:1985ScTEn..45..157H. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(85)90216-5. PMID 4081711.

ahepl.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

phy240.ahepl.org

Beiser, A. (2003). "Nuclear Transformations" (PDF). Concepts of Modern Physics (Edisi 6). McGraw-Hill Education. hlm. 432–434. ISBN 978-0-07-244848-1. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-10-04. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-06. {{cite book}}:

americanscientist.org (Global: 9,393^rd place; Indonesian: 6,412^th place)

Kazimi, M. (2003). "Thorium Fuel for Nuclear Energy". American Scientist. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 1 Januari 2017. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

anl.gov (Global: 8,120^th place; Indonesian: 4,504^th place)

ne.anl.gov

"Nuclear Energy FAQs" (PDF). Argonne National Laboratory. 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2018.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Indonesian: 3^rd place)

Fricke, Burkhard (1975). Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties. Structure and Bonding. Vol. 21. hlm. 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Diakses tanggal 4 Oktober 2013. {{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
von der Wense, L.; Seiferle, B.; Laatiaoui, M.; Neumayr, Jürgen B.; Maier, Hans-Jörg; Wirth, Hans-Friedrich; Mokry, Christoph; Runke, Jörg; Eberhardt, Klaus; Düllmann, Christoph E.; Trautmann, Norbert G.; Thirolf, Peter G. (2016). "Direct detection of the ²²⁹Th nuclear clock transition". Nature. 533 (7601): 47–51. arXiv:1710.11398. Bibcode:2016Natur.533...47V. doi:10.1038/nature17669. PMID 27147026. {{cite journal}}:
Cotton, S. (2006). Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons.
King, R. Bruce (1995). Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-0-471-18602-1.
Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Edisi 81st). CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Yamashita, Toshiyuki; Nitani, Noriko; Tsuji, Toshihide; Inagaki, Hironitsu (1997). "Thermal expansions of NpO₂ and some other actinide dioxides". J. Nucl. Mater. 245 (1): 72–78. Bibcode:1997JNuM..245...72Y. doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(96)00750-7.
Emsley, J. (2011). emsley blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. hlm. 544–548. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.
Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; Christlieb, Norbert; Pfeiffer, Bernd; Cowan, John J.; Sneden, Christopher (2009). "The End of Nucleosynthesis: Production of Lead and Thorium in the Early Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–1980. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. {{cite journal}}:
Clayton, D. D. (1968). Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis. McGraw-Hill Education. hlm. 577–591. ISBN 978-0-226-10953-4.
Albarède, F. (2003). Geochemistry: an introduction. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 17. ISBN 978-0-521-89148-6.
Rao, M. N.; Gopalan, K. (1973). "Curium-248 in the Early Solar System". Nature. 245 (5424): 304–307. Bibcode:1973Natur.245..304R. doi:10.1038/245304a0.
Rosenblatt, D. B. (1953). "Effects of a Primeval Endowment of U²³⁶". Physical Review. 91 (6): 1474–1475. Bibcode:1953PhRv...91.1474R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.91.1474.
Fontani, M.; Costa, M.; Orna, V. (2014). The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side. Oxford University Press. hlm. 73. ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4.
Weeks, M. E. (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XI. Some elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: Zirconium, titanium, cerium, and thorium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (7): 1231. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1231W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1231.
Simmons, J. G. (1996). The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present. Carol. hlm. 19. ISBN 978-0-8065-2139-8.
van Spronsen, J. W. (1969). The periodic system of chemical elements. Elsevier. hlm. 315–316. ISBN 978-0-444-40776-4..
Rhodes, R. (2012). The Making of the Atomic Bomb (Edisi 25th Anniversary). Simon & Schuster. hlm. 221–222, 349. ISBN 978-1-4516-7761-4.
Jeffus, L. (2016). Welding: Principles and Applications. Cengage Learning. hlm. 393. ISBN 978-1-305-49469-5.
Langford, R. E. (2004). Introduction to Weapons of Mass Destruction: Radiological, Chemical, and Biological. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 85. ISBN 978-0-471-46560-7.
Luetzelschwab, J. W.; Googins, S. W. (1984). "Radioactivity released from burning gas lantern mantles". Health Phys. 46 (4): 873–881. doi:10.1097/00004032-198404000-00013. PMID 6706595.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143^rd place; Indonesian: 1,257^th place)

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Haire, R. G.; Baybarz, R. D. (1979). "Studies of einsteinium metal" (PDF). Le Journal de Physique. 40: C4–101. doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1979431.

areva.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

us.areva.com

"AREVA Med launches production of lead-212 at new facility" (Rilis pers). Areva. 2013. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2017.{{cite press release}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; Indonesian: 889^th place)

geo.arizona.edu

Davis, O. "Uranium-Thorium Dating". Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 28 Maret 2017. Diakses tanggal 7 Oktober 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

arpansa.gov.au (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Radioactivity in Lantern Mantles". Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 14 Oktober 2007. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; Indonesian: 117^th place)

von der Wense, L.; Seiferle, B.; Laatiaoui, M.; Neumayr, Jürgen B.; Maier, Hans-Jörg; Wirth, Hans-Friedrich; Mokry, Christoph; Runke, Jörg; Eberhardt, Klaus; Düllmann, Christoph E.; Trautmann, Norbert G.; Thirolf, Peter G. (2016). "Direct detection of the ²²⁹Th nuclear clock transition". Nature. 533 (7601): 47–51. arXiv:1710.11398. Bibcode:2016Natur.533...47V. doi:10.1038/nature17669. PMID 27147026. {{cite journal}}:
Frebel, Anna; Beers, Timothy C. (2018). "The formation of the heaviest elements". Physics Today. 71 (1): 30–37. arXiv:1801.01190. Bibcode:2018PhT....71a..30F. doi:10.1063/pt.3.3815. ISSN 0031-9228.
Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; Christlieb, Norbert; Pfeiffer, Bernd; Cowan, John J.; Sneden, Christopher (2009). "The End of Nucleosynthesis: Production of Lead and Thorium in the Early Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–1980. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. {{cite journal}}:

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Indonesian: 751^st place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Berzelius, J. J. (1829). "Untersuchung eines neues Minerals und einer darin erhalten zuvor unbekannten Erde" [Investigasi suatu mineral baru beserta oksida tak diketahui yang terkandung di dalamnya]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 16 (7): 385–415. Bibcode:1829AnP....92..385B. doi:10.1002/andp.18290920702. (modern citation: Annalen der Physik, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 385–415).
Schmidt, G. C. (1898). "Über die von den Thorverbindungen und einigen anderen Substanzen ausgehende Strahlung" [Tentang radiasi yang dipancarkan oleh senyawa torium dan beberapa senyawa lainnya]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 65 (5): 141–151. Bibcode:1898AnP...301..141S. doi:10.1002/andp.18983010512. (modern citation: Annalen der Physik, vol. 301, pp. 141–151 (1898)).

bnl.gov (Global: 6,608^th place; Indonesian: 2,511^th place)

nndc.bnl.gov

Audi, G.; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A. H. (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729 (1): 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.8504. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 24 Juli 2013. {{cite journal}}: ; Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Interactive Chart of Nuclides". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2017-01-24. Diakses tanggal 12 Agustus 2013. {{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; Indonesian: 393^rd place)

feynmanlectures.caltech.edu

Feynman, R.; Leighton, R.; Sands, M. (1963). The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Vol. 1. Addison-Wesley. hlm. 2–5. ISBN 978-0-201-02116-5. Diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2018. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Tanggal tidak kompatibelPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Ichimura, K.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Kibe, Y.; Kishimoto, Y.; Koga, M.; Minekawa, Y.; Mitsui, T.; Morikawa, T.; Nagai, N.; Nakajima, K.; Nakamura, K.; Narita, K.; Shimizu, I.; Shimizu, Y.; Shirai, J.; Suekane, F.; Suzuki, A.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, N.; Takemoto, Y.; Tamae, K.; Watanabe, H.; Xu, B. D.; Yabumoto, H.; Yoshida, H.; Yoshida, S.; Enomoto, S. (2011). "Partial radiogenic heat model for Earth revealed by geoneutrino measurements" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 4 (9): 647–651. Bibcode:2011NatGe...4..647K. doi:10.1038/ngeo1205. {{cite journal}}:

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; Indonesian: 192^nd place)

atsdr.cdc.gov

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2016). Thorium (PDF) (Laporan). Diakses tanggal 30 September 2017.{{cite report}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
"Toxicological Profile for Thorium" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry U.S. Public Health Service. 1990. hlm. 4.
"Thorium ToxFAQs" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

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Stoll 2005, hlm. 35. Stoll, W. (2005). "Thorium and Thorium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_001. ISBN 978-3-527-31097-5. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid
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Stoll 2005, hlm. 34. Stoll, W. (2005). "Thorium and Thorium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_001. ISBN 978-3-527-31097-5. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak valid

dtic.mil (Global: 934^th place; Indonesian: 1,381^st place)

Jacobson, M.; Cooper, A. R.; Nagy, J. (1964). Explosibility of metal powders (PDF) (Laporan). United States Department of the Interior. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-03-05. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017. {{cite report}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; Indonesian: 855^th place)

"Thorium: Radiation Protection". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 1 Oktober 2006. Diakses tanggal 27 Februari 2016.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; Indonesian: 1,157^th place)

Deblonde, Gauthier J.-P.; Lohrey, Trevor D.; Booth, Corwin H.; Carter, Korey P.; Parker, Bernard F.; Larsen, Åsmund; Smeets, Roger; Ryan, Olav B.; Cuthbertson, Alan S. (2018-11-19). "Solution Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Metal Complexation with a Hydroxypyridinone Chelator Designed for Thorium-227 Targeted Alpha Therapy". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (22): 14337–14346. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02430. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 30372069.
Captain, Ilya; Deblonde, Gauthier J.-P.; Rupert, Peter B.; An, Dahlia D.; Illy, Marie-Claire; Rostan, Emeline; Ralston, Corie Y.; Strong, Roland K.; Abergel, Rebecca J. (2016-11-21). "Engineered Recognition of Tetravalent Zirconium and Thorium by Chelator–Protein Systems: Toward Flexible Radiotherapy and Imaging Platforms". Inorganic Chemistry. 55 (22): 11930–11936. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02041. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 27802058.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; Indonesian: 116^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport" (PDF). Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire. hlm. 15. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 10 Juli 2007. Diakses tanggal 20 Desember 2010.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

gonuke.org (Global: low place; Indonesian: low place)

"Natural Decay Series: Uranium, Radium, and Thorium" (PDF). Argonne National Laboratory. 2005. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 17 Agustus 2016. Diakses tanggal 30 September 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; Indonesian: 118^th place)

"Tor's Fight with the Giants" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Google Arts & Culture. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2016.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Indonesian: 122^nd place)

Ruchowska, E.; Płóciennik, W. A.; Żylicz, J.; Mach; Kvasil; Algora; Amzal; Bäck; Borge; Boutami; Butler; Cederkäll; Cederwall; Fogelberg; Fraile; Fynbo; Hagebø; Hoff; Gausemel; Jungclaus; Kaczarowski; Kerek; Kurcewicz; Lagergren; Nacher; Rubio; Syntfeld; Tengblad; Wasilewski; Weissman (2006). "Nuclear structure of ²²⁹Th". Physical Review C. 73 (4): 044326. Bibcode:2006PhRvC..73d4326R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.73.044326. hdl:10261/12130. {{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: nomor artikel sebagai nomor halaman (link)

iaea.org (Global: 1,135^th place; Indonesian: 955^th place)

www-pub.iaea.org

"IAEA-TECDOC-1450 Thorium Fuel Cycle – Potential Benefits and Challenges" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2005. Diakses tanggal 23 Maret 2009.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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"IAEA-TECDOC-1450 Thorium Fuel Cycle – Potential Benefits and Challenges" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2005. Diakses tanggal 23 Maret 2009.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

iaea.org

Jayaram, K. M. V. (1987). An Overview of World Thorium Resources, Incentives for Further Exploration and Forecast for Thorium Requirements in the Near Future (PDF) (Laporan). Department of Atomic Energy. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 28 Juni 2011.{{cite report}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

iupac.org (Global: 1,291^st place; Indonesian: 533^rd place)

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Diakses tanggal 27 Juli 2017.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

kemdikbud.go.id (Global: 1,424^th place; Indonesian: 14^th place)

kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id

(Indonesia) "Torium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.

meta-synthesis.com (Global: low place; Indonesian: 9,542^nd place)

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mindat.org (Global: 712^th place; Indonesian: 1,039^th place)

"Xenotime-(Y)". Mindat database. Diakses tanggal 7 Oktober 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

minsocam.org (Global: 9,634^th place; Indonesian: 8,094^th place)

Woodhead, J. A. (1991). "The metamictization of zircon: Radiation dose-dependent structural characteristics" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 76: 74–82.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; Indonesian: 27^th place)

pubs.giss.nasa.gov

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nd.edu (Global: 2,343^rd place; Indonesian: 2,163^rd place)

www3.nd.edu

"3–6: Uranium Thorium Dating" (PDF). Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-04-21. Diakses tanggal 7 Oktober 2017. {{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

nevada.edu (Global: low place; Indonesian: 4,834^th place)

radchem.nevada.edu

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Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 70–77. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 95–97. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 78–94. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 97–101. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 64–66. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 117–134. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 101–115. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 116–117. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 55–56. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

news.google.com (Global: 67^th place; Indonesian: 204^th place)

"Nine Injured In Atomic Lab Blasts". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. 1956. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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newsday.com (Global: 1,339^th place; Indonesian: 2,099^th place)

Harrington, M. (2003). "Sad Memories of '56 Sylvania Explosion". New York Newsday. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 4 Februari 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Indonesian: 6^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Captain, Ilya; Deblonde, Gauthier J.-P.; Rupert, Peter B.; An, Dahlia D.; Illy, Marie-Claire; Rostan, Emeline; Ralston, Corie Y.; Strong, Roland K.; Abergel, Rebecca J. (2016-11-21). "Engineered Recognition of Tetravalent Zirconium and Thorium by Chelator–Protein Systems: Toward Flexible Radiotherapy and Imaging Platforms". Inorganic Chemistry. 55 (22): 11930–11936. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02041. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 27802058.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Langeslay, Ryan R.; Fieser, Megan E.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Furche, Philip; Evans, William J. (2015). "Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of crystalline molecular complexes of the {[C₅H₃(SiMe₃)₂]₃Th}¹⁻ anion containing thorium in the formal +2 oxidation state". Chemical Science. 6 (6): 517–521. doi:10.1039/C4SC03033H. PMC 5811171. PMID 29560172.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; Indonesian: 506^th place)

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stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; Indonesian: 222^nd place)

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theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; Indonesian: 31^st place)

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tue.nl (Global: 9,533^rd place; Indonesian: low place)

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uc.edu (Global: 7,342^nd place; Indonesian: 6,297^th place)

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unizg.hr (Global: 7,328^th place; Indonesian: low place)

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usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Indonesian: 127^th place)

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Martin, W. C.; Hagan, L.; Reader, J.; Sugan, J. (1974). "Ground Levels and Ionization Potentials for Lanthanide and Actinide Atoms and Ions" (PDF). J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 3 (3): 771–779. Bibcode:1974JPCRD...3..771M. doi:10.1063/1.3253147. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 4 Maret 2016. Diakses tanggal 19 Oktober 2013. {{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 70–77. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 78–94. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 97–101. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 64–66. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 117–134. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 101–115. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Wickleder, Fourest & Dorhout 2006, hlm. 116–117. Wickleder, M. S.; Fourest, B.; Dorhout, P. K. (2006). "Thorium". Dalam Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (ed.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF). Vol. 3 (Edisi 3rd). Springer-Verlag. hlm. 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3598-2. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 14 Desember 2017. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv tidak validPemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Cameron, A. G. W. (1973). "Abundance of the Elements in the Solar System" (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 15 (1): 121–146. Bibcode:1973SSRv...15..121C. doi:10.1007/BF00172440. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 21 Oktober 2011.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; F. Hoyle (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-06-24. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-09. {{cite journal}}: ;
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Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 11 Juni 2010.
New Jersey Department of Health (1996). "Health and hazardous waste" (PDF). A Practitioner's Guide to Patients' Environmental Exposures. 1 (3): 1–8. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 15 April 2016.{{cite journal}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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wired.com (Global: 254^th place; Indonesian: 306^th place)

Martin, R. (2009). "Uranium is So Last Century – Enter Thorium, the New Green Nuke". Wired. Diakses tanggal 19 Juni 2010.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

world-nuclear-news.org (Global: 3,632^nd place; Indonesian: 3,120^th place)

"Thorium test begins". World Nuclear News. 2013. Diakses tanggal 21 Juli 2013.{{cite news}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

world-nuclear.org (Global: 4,040^th place; Indonesian: 2,600^th place)

"Nuclear Power in India". World Nuclear Association. 2017. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2017.{{cite web}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Indonesian: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

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zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; Indonesian: 584^th place)

Johansson, B.; Abuja, R.; Eriksson, O.; Wills, J. M. (1995). "Anomalous fcc crystal structure of thorium metal". Physical Review Letters. 75 (2): 280–283. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75..280J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.280. PMID 10059654. {{cite journal}}:
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Schilling, J. (1902). "Die eigentlichen Thorit-Mineralien (Thorit und Orangit)" [The actual thoritic minerals (thorite and orangite)]. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 15 (37): 921–929. doi:10.1002/ange.19020153703.
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Torium (Indonesian Wikipedia)

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osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; Indonesian: 1,539^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; Indonesian: 372^nd place)

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