動物 (Japanese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "動物" in Japanese language version.

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academia.edu

Hernández, Javier Ortega (英語). Lobopodians.

biologists.com

journals.biologists.com

Quillin, K. J. (May 1998). “Ontogenetic scaling of hydrostatic skeletons: geometric, static stress and dynamic stress scaling of the earthworm lumbricus terrestris”. The Journal of Experimental Biology 201 (12): 1871–83. PMID 9600869.

biologists.org

dev.biologists.org

Valentine, JW; Jablonski, D; Erwin, DH (1999). “Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion”. Development 126 (5): 851–9. PMID 9927587.

biomedcentral.com

García-Bellido, Diego C; Paterson, John R (2014). “A new vetulicolian from Australia and its bearing on the chordate affinities of an enigmatic Cambrian group”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 214. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z. PMC 4203957. PMID 25273382.

evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com

Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2009-06). “Palaeontological and Molecular Evidence Linking Arthropods, Onychophorans, and other Ecdysozoa” (英語). Evolution: Education and Outreach 2 (2): 178–190. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0118-3. ISSN 1936-6434.

books.google.com

cambridge.org

Budd, Graham E. (1998/ed). “The morphology and phylogenetic significance of Kerygmachela kierkegaardi Budd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland)” (英語). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 89 (4): 249–290. doi:10.1017/S0263593300002418. ISSN 1473-7116.

csbsju.edu

employees.csbsju.edu

Saupe, S. G.. “Concepts of Biology”. 30 September 2007閲覧。

doi.org

Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D. et al.. “A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms”. PLoS ONE 10 (4): 1–60. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248.
Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; DÖring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin et al. (2018). “High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses”. Fungal Diversity 90: 135–159. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0.
Mentel, Marek; Martin, William (2010). “Anaerobic animals from an ancient, anoxic ecological niche”. BMC Biology 8: 32. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-32. PMC 2859860. PMID 20370917.
Martín-Durán, José M.; Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2020). “Unravelling spiral cleavage”. Development 147: 1–7. doi:10.1242/dev.181081.
Maloof, A.C.; Porter, S.M.; Moore, J.L.; Dudas, F.O.; Bowring, S.A.; Higgins, J.A.; Fike, D.A.; Eddy, M.P. (2010). “The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change”. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 122 (11–12): 1731–1774. Bibcode: 2010GSAB..122.1731M. doi:10.1130/B30346.1.
Brain, C.K.; Prave, Anthony R.; Hoffmann, Karl-Heinz; Fallick, Anthony E.; Botha, Andre; Herd, Donald A.; Sturrock, Craig; Young, Iain et al. (2012). “The first animals: ca. 760-million-year-old sponge-like fossils from Namibia”. S Afr J Sci. 108 (1/2): 1–8. doi:10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.658.
Maloof, Adam C.; Rose, Catherine V.; Beach, Robert; Samuels, Bradley M.; Calmet, Claire C.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Poirier, Gerald R.; Yao, Nan et al. (17 August 2010). “Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia”. Nature Geoscience 3 (9): 653–659. Bibcode: 2010NatGe...3..653M. doi:10.1038/ngeo934.
Love, G.D.; Grosjean, E.; Stalvies, C.; Fike, D.A.; Grotzinger, J.P.; Bradley, A.S.; Kelly, A.E.; Bhatia, M. et al. (2009). “Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period”. Nature 457: 718–721. doi:10.1038/nature0767.
Xiao, S.; Zhang, Y.; Knol (1998). “Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite”. Nature 391: 553–558. doi:10.1038/35318.
Dunn, Frances S.; Liu, Alexander G.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2018). “Ediacaran developmental biology”. Biol. Rev. 93: 914–932. doi:10.1111/brv.12379.
Shen, Bing; Dong, Lin; Xiao, Shuhai; Kowalewski, Michał (2008). “The Avalon Explosion: Evolution of Ediacara Morphospace”. Science 319 (5859): 81–84. Bibcode: 2008Sci...319...81S. doi:10.1126/science.1150279. PMID 18174439.
Yin, Z.; Zhu, M.; Davidson, E.H.; Bottjer, D.J.; Zhao, F.; Tafforeau, P. (2015). “Sponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myrbefore the Cambrian”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112: E1453–E1460. doi:10.1073/pnas.1414577112.
Liu, A.G.; Matthews, J.J.; Menon, L.R.; McIlroy, D.; Brasier, M.D. (2014). “Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma)”. Proc. Biol. Sci. 281, 20141202. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1202.
Budd, Graham (2013). “At the origin of animals: the revolutionary cambrian fossil record”. Current Genomics 14 (6): 344–354. doi:10.2174/13892029113149990011. PMC 3861885. PMID 24396267.
Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. (2011). “The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals”. Science 334 (6059): 1091–1097. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334.1091E. doi:10.1126/science.1206375. PMID 22116879.
Kouchinsky, A.; Bengtson, S.; Runnegar, B. N.; Skovsted, C. B.; Steiner, M.; Vendrasco, M. J. (2012). “Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization”. Geological Magazine 149 (2): 221–251. Bibcode: 2012GeoM..149..221K. doi:10.1017/s0016756811000720.
García-Bellido, Diego C; Paterson, John R (2014). “A new vetulicolian from Australia and its bearing on the chordate affinities of an enigmatic Cambrian group”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 214. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0214-z. PMC 4203957. PMID 25273382.
Smith, Martin R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2014-08-17). “Hallucigenia’s onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda” (英語). Nature 514 (7522): 363–366. doi:10.1038/nature13576. ISSN 0028-0836. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13576.
Cannon, Johanna T.; Vellutini, Bruno C.; Smith III, Julian.; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (3 February 2016). “Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa”. Nature 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode: 2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059 3 February 2016閲覧。.
Rouse, Greg W.; Wilson, Nerida G.; Carvajal, Jose I.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C. (2016-02). “New deep-sea species of Xenoturbella and the position of Xenacoelomorpha” (英語). Nature 530 (7588): 94–97. doi:10.1038/nature16545. ISSN 0028-0836.
Philippe, H.; Brinkmann, H.; Copley, R. R.; Moroz, L. L.; Nakano, H.; Poustka, A. J.; Wallberg, A.; Peterson, K. J. et al. (2011). “Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella”. Nature 470 (7333): 255–258. doi:10.1038/nature09676. PMC 4025995. PMID 21307940.
Philippe, H.; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; J.Hoff, Katharina; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; Müller, Steven et al. (2019). “Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria”. Current Biology 29 (11): 1818–1826. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009.
Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W. et al. (2008-03-05). “Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life” (英語). Nature 452 (7188): 745–749. doi:10.1038/nature06614. ISSN 0028-0836.
Egger, Bernhard; Steinke, Dirk; Tarui, Hiroshi; Mulder, Katrien De; Arendt, Detlev; Borgonie, Gaëtan; Funayama, Noriko; Gschwentner, Robert et al. (2009-05-11). “To Be or Not to Be a Flatworm: The Acoel Controversy” (英語). PLOS ONE 4 (5): e5502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005502. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2676513. PMID 19430533.
Lu, Tsai-Ming; Kanda, Miyuki; Satoh, Noriyuki; Furuya, Hidetaka (2017). “The phylogenetic position of dicyemid mesozoans offers insights into spiralian evolution”. Zoological Letters 3 (6): 1–9. doi:10.1186/s40851-017-0068-5.
Schiffer, Philipp H.; Robertson, Helen E.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2018). “Orthonectids Are Highly Degenerate Annelid Worms”. Current Biology 28 (12): 1970–1974. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.088.
Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (15 December 2015). “Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (50): 15402–15407. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518127112. PMC 4687580. PMID 26621703.
Simion, Paul; Philippe, Hervé; Baurain, Denis; Jager, Muriel; Richter, Daniel J.; Franco, Arnaud Di; Roure, Béatrice; Satoh, Nori et al. (3 April 2017). “A Large and Consistent Phylogenomic Dataset Supports Sponges as the Sister Group to All Other Animals”. Current Biology 27 (7): 958–967. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.031. PMID 28318975.
Feuda, Roberto; Dohrmann, Martin; Pett, Walker; Philippe, Hervé; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert; Pisani, Davide (2017). “Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals”. Current Biology 27 (24): 3864. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.008. PMID 29199080.
Laumer, Christopher E.; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G.; Pearse, Vicki B.; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). “Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias”. eLIFE 7:e36278: 1–19. doi:10.7554/eLife.36278.
Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W. et al. (2008). “Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life”. Nature 452 (7188): 745–749. Bibcode: 2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. PMID 18322464.
Henjol, Andreas; Matthias, Obst; Stamatakis, Alexandros; Ott, Michael; Rouse, Greg W.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Martinez, Pedro; Jaume, Baguñà et al. (2009). “Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods”. Proc. R. Soc. B 276: 4261–4270. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0896.
Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2015). “Error, signal, and the placement of Ctenophora sister to all other animals”. PNAS 112 (18): 5773–5778. doi:10.1073/pnas.1503453112.
Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Tatiana P.; Mukherjee, Krishanu; Williams, Peter; Paulay, Gustav; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2017). “Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals”. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1 (11): 1737. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3.
Perseke, M.; Hankeln, T.; Weich, B.; Fritzsch, G.; Stadler, P.F.; Israelsson, O.; Bernhard, D.; Schlegel, M. (August 2007). “The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis”. Theory Biosci 126 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1007/s12064-007-0007-7. PMID 18087755.
Nakano, H.; Lundin, K.; Bourlat, S.J.; Telford, M.J. (2013). “Xenoturbella bocki exhibits direct development with similarities to Acoelomorpha”. Nature Communications 4 (1): 1537. doi:10.1038/ncomms2556.
Wada, Hiroshi; Satoh, Noriyuki. “Details of the evolutionary history from invertebrates to vertebrates, as deduced from the sequences of 18S rDNA”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91 (5): 1801–1804. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1801.
Mallatt, Jon (2010). “Nearly complete rRNA genes assembled from across the metazoan animals: Effects of more taxa, a structure-based alignment, and paired-sites evolutionary models on phylogeny reconstruction”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55: 1–17. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.028.
Telford, Maximilian J; Bourlat, Sarah J; Economou, Andrew; Papillon, Daniel; Rota-Stabelli, Omar (2008-04-27). “The evolution of the Ecdysozoa”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363 (1496): 1529–1537. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2243. PMC 2614232. PMID 18192181.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2017-09-01). “Current Understanding of Ecdysozoa and its Internal Phylogenetic Relationships”. Integrative and Comparative Biology 57 (3): 455–466. doi:10.1093/icb/icx072. ISSN 1540-7063. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx072.
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-06-17). “The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods”. Current Biology 29 (12): R592–R602. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822.
Olesen, Jørgen; Pisani, Davide; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Legg, David A.; Palero, Ferran; Glenner, Henrik; Thomsen, Philip Francis; Vinther, Jakob et al. (2019-08-01). “Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling” (英語). Genome Biology and Evolution 11 (8): 2055–2070. doi:10.1093/gbe/evz097.
Ramsköld, L.; Xianguang, Hou (1991-05). “New early Cambrian animal and onychophoran affinities of enigmatic metazoans” (英語). Nature 351 (6323): 225–228. doi:10.1038/351225a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
BUDD, GRAHAM E. (1996-03). “The morphology of Opabinia regalis and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group” (英語). Lethaia 29 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01831.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
Budd, Graham E. (1998/ed). “The morphology and phylogenetic significance of Kerygmachela kierkegaardi Budd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland)” (英語). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 89 (4): 249–290. doi:10.1017/S0263593300002418. ISSN 1473-7116.
Budd, Graham E. (2001-01). “Tardigrades as ‘Stem-Group Arthropods’: The Evidence from the Cambrian Fauna”. Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology 240 (3–4): 265–279. doi:10.1078/0044-5231-00034. ISSN 0044-5231.
Liu, J; Shu, D; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Zhang, Xingliang (2007-09-26). “Morpho-anatomy of the lobopod Magadictyon cf. haikouensis from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China” (英語). Acta Zoologica 89 (2): 183–183. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00307.x.
Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2009-06). “Palaeontological and Molecular Evidence Linking Arthropods, Onychophorans, and other Ecdysozoa” (英語). Evolution: Education and Outreach 2 (2): 178–190. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0118-3. ISSN 1936-6434.
Siveter, Derek J.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Legg, David (2018-08-01). “A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte, UK” (英語). Open Science 5 (8): 172101. doi:10.1098/rsos.172101. ISSN 2054-5703.
Struck, Torsten H.; Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra R.; Golombek, Anja; Hering, Lars; Weigert, Anne; Bleidorn, Christoph; Klebow, Sabrina; Iakovenko, Nataliia et al. (2014). “Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia”. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (7): 1833-1849. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu143. PMID 24748651.
Shankland, M.; Seaver, E. C. (2000). “Evolution of the bilaterian body plan: What have we learned from annelids?”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 (9): 4434–7. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...97.4434S. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4434. JSTOR 122407. PMC 34316. PMID 10781038.
Weigert, Anne; Bleidorn, Christoph (2016). “Current status of annelid phylogeny”. Org Divers Evol 16: 345–362. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0265-7.
Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Neves, Ricardo C.; Rouse, Greg W.; Worsaae, Katrine et al. (June 2011). “Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions”. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 11 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4.
Fröbius, Andreas C.; Funch, Peter (2017-04-04). “Rotiferan Hox genes give new insights into the evolution of metazoan bodyplans”. Nature Communications 8 (1). Bibcode: 2017NatCo...8....9F. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00020-w.
Smith, Martin R.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2014). “Hallucigenia’s onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda”. Nature 514 (7522): 363–366. Bibcode: 2014Natur.514..363S. doi:10.1038/nature13576. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13576.
Yamasaki, Hiroshi; Fujimoto, Shinta; Miyazaki, Katsumi (June 2015). “Phylogenetic position of Loricifera inferred from nearly complete 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences”. Zoological Letters 1: 18. doi:10.1186/s40851-015-0017-0.
Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel; Nishikawa, Teruaki (2014). “Chordate evolution and the three-phylum system”. Proceedings of Royal Society B 281 (1794): 1-10. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1729.
馬渡静夫「触手動物の系統」『哺乳類科学』第10巻第2号、日本哺乳類学会、1970年、61-68頁、doi:10.11238/mammalianscience.10.2_61、ISSN 0385-437X、NAID 130000884220、2021年10月1日閲覧。

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Feuda, Roberto; Dohrmann, Martin; Pett, Walker; Philippe, Hervé; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert; Pisani, Davide (2017). “Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals”. Current Biology 27 (24): 3864. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.008. PMID 29199080.

env.go.jp

“資料4 「動物の愛護管理の歴史的変遷」”. 環境省. 2019年12月26日閲覧。

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

鈴木大地「アリストテレス『動物発生論』の現代生物学・科学哲学的検討Ⅰ : 第1巻第1章～第16章」『古典古代学』第6号、筑波大学大学院人文社会科学研究科古典古代学研究室、2013年、1-23頁、ISSN 1883-7352、NAID 120005373271、2021年10月1日閲覧。

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Maloof, A.C.; Porter, S.M.; Moore, J.L.; Dudas, F.O.; Bowring, S.A.; Higgins, J.A.; Fike, D.A.; Eddy, M.P. (2010). “The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change”. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 122 (11–12): 1731–1774. Bibcode: 2010GSAB..122.1731M. doi:10.1130/B30346.1.
Maloof, Adam C.; Rose, Catherine V.; Beach, Robert; Samuels, Bradley M.; Calmet, Claire C.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Poirier, Gerald R.; Yao, Nan et al. (17 August 2010). “Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia”. Nature Geoscience 3 (9): 653–659. Bibcode: 2010NatGe...3..653M. doi:10.1038/ngeo934.
Shen, Bing; Dong, Lin; Xiao, Shuhai; Kowalewski, Michał (2008). “The Avalon Explosion: Evolution of Ediacara Morphospace”. Science 319 (5859): 81–84. Bibcode: 2008Sci...319...81S. doi:10.1126/science.1150279. PMID 18174439.
Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. (2011). “The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals”. Science 334 (6059): 1091–1097. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334.1091E. doi:10.1126/science.1206375. PMID 22116879.
Kouchinsky, A.; Bengtson, S.; Runnegar, B. N.; Skovsted, C. B.; Steiner, M.; Vendrasco, M. J. (2012). “Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization”. Geological Magazine 149 (2): 221–251. Bibcode: 2012GeoM..149..221K. doi:10.1017/s0016756811000720.
Cannon, Johanna T.; Vellutini, Bruno C.; Smith III, Julian.; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (3 February 2016). “Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa”. Nature 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode: 2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059 3 February 2016閲覧。.
Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W. et al. (2008). “Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life”. Nature 452 (7188): 745–749. Bibcode: 2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. PMID 18322464.
Shankland, M.; Seaver, E. C. (2000). “Evolution of the bilaterian body plan: What have we learned from annelids?”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 (9): 4434–7. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...97.4434S. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4434. JSTOR 122407. PMC 34316. PMID 10781038.
Fröbius, Andreas C.; Funch, Peter (2017-04-04). “Rotiferan Hox genes give new insights into the evolution of metazoan bodyplans”. Nature Communications 8 (1). Bibcode: 2017NatCo...8....9F. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00020-w.
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鈴木大地「アリストテレス『動物発生論』の現代生物学・科学哲学的検討Ⅰ : 第1巻第1章～第16章」『古典古代学』第6号、筑波大学大学院人文社会科学研究科古典古代学研究室、2013年、1-23頁、ISSN 1883-7352、NAID 120005373271、2021年10月1日閲覧。
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左上から順に、1段目：ヒトデの一種（棘皮動物門星形動物亜門ヒトデ綱）、クダカイメン Aplysina fistularis（海綿動物門）、セイヨウダンゴイカ Sepiola atlantica（軟体動物門頭足綱）、
2段目：ミズクラゲ Aurelia aurita（刺胞動物門鉢虫綱）、ガの一種 Hypercompe scribonia（節足動物門六脚亜門昆虫綱）、ゴカイの一種 Nereis succinea（環形動物門多毛綱）、
3段目：ヒレジャコ Tridacna squamosa（軟体動物門二枚貝綱）、シベリアトラ（脊索動物門脊椎動物亜門哺乳綱）、ホヤの一種Polycarpa aurata（脊索動物門尾索動物亜門ホヤ綱）、
4段目：クマムシの一種（緩歩動物門異クマムシ綱）、淡水産コケムシの一種（外肛動物門掩喉綱）、ウツボの一種 Enchelycore anatina（脊索動物門脊椎動物亜門条鰭綱）、
5段目：カニの一種 Liocarcinus vernalis（節足動物門甲殻亜門軟甲綱）、鉤頭動物の一種 Corynosoma wegeneri（輪形動物門古鉤頭虫綱）、アオカケス（脊索動物門脊椎動物亜門鳥綱）、
6段目：ハエトリグモの一種（節足動物門鋏角亜門蛛形綱）、ヒラムシの一種プセウドセロス・ディミディアートゥス Pseudoceros dimidiatus（扁形動物門渦虫綱）、ホウキムシ類のアクチノトロカ幼生（箒虫動物門）
ガッコウチュウと呼ばれることもあるが^[142]、顎口虫は線形動物の寄生虫 Gnathostoma にも用いられる^[143]。
鉤頭動物 Acanthocephala は輪形動物に内包され、狭義の輪形動物は側系統となる。狭義の輪形動物および鉤頭動物を門として残し、広義の輪形動物を共皮類 Syndermata とすることもある^[153]。
2000年代の一部の分子系統解析（Giribet et al. (2001) など）では、ウミグモ類は真鋏角類と大顎類（ともに幹性類 Cormogonida をなす）より早期に分岐したとされる^[207]。
この系統位置は2010年代中期以降の主流な解析結果（Oakley et al. (2013)、Schwentner et al. (2017, 2018)、Lozano-Fernandez et al. (2019) など）に基づくものである。それ以前の Regier et al. (2005, 2010) では鰓脚類は多甲殻類とともに真甲殻類 Vericrustacea、カシラエビ類はムカデエビ類とともに奇エビ類 Xenocarida をなしている^[207]^[209]。
クダカイメン Aplysina fistularis
カイロウドウケツ Euplectella aspergillum
キタカブトクラゲ Bolinopsis infundibulum
アトランティックシーネットル Chrysaora quinquecirrha
センモウヒラムシ Trichoplax adherens
Waminoa sp.
ニッポンチンウズムシ Xenoturbella japonica
アカヒトデ Certonardoa semiregularis
ニセクロナマコ Holothuria leucospilota
ナガウニ Echinometra mathaei
ナメクジウオ Branchiostoma lanceolatum
Symplegma rubra
ウシ Bos taurus
イソヤムシ Spadella cephaloptera
ヤギツノトゲカワ Echinoderes hwiizaa
エラヒキムシ Priapulus caudatus
Pliciloricus enigmatus
ヒトカイチュウ Ascaris_lumbricoides
Paragordius tricuspidatus
Hypsibius dujardini
Peripatoides indigo
ヨーロッパクロスズメバチ Vespula germanica
オオズワイガニ Chionoecetes bairdi
Rhopalura ophiocomae
ヤマトニハイチュウ Dicyema japonicum
パンドラムシ Symbion pandora
Gnathostomula paradoxa
コアゴムシ^[142] Limnognathia maerski
カドツボワムシ Brachionus quadridentatus
Lepidodermella squamata
Schmidtea mediterranea
無鉤条虫 Taenia saginata
ホタテガイ Mizuhopecten yessoensis
ヨーロッパヤリイカ Loligo vulgaris
オウシュウツリミミズ Lumbricus terrestris
セイヨウカワゴカイ Hediste diversicolor
ユムシ Urechis unicinctus
スジホシムシ Sipunculus nudus
ミサキヒモムシ Notospermus geniculatus
ミドリシャミセンガイ Lingula anatina
ホウキムシ Phoronis hippocrepia
オオマリコケムシ Pectinatella magnifica
スズコケムシ Barentsia discreta

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ja.wiktionary.org

古典ラテン語の中性第三活用（i音幹）名詞 animal, is, n の複数形主格。

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BUDD, GRAHAM E. (1996-03). “The morphology of Opabinia regalis and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group” (英語). Lethaia 29 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01831.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
Budd, Graham E. (1998/ed). “The morphology and phylogenetic significance of Kerygmachela kierkegaardi Budd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland)” (英語). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 89 (4): 249–290. doi:10.1017/S0263593300002418. ISSN 1473-7116.
Budd, Graham E. (2001-01). “Tardigrades as ‘Stem-Group Arthropods’: The Evidence from the Cambrian Fauna”. Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology 240 (3–4): 265–279. doi:10.1078/0044-5231-00034. ISSN 0044-5231.
Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2009-06). “Palaeontological and Molecular Evidence Linking Arthropods, Onychophorans, and other Ecdysozoa” (英語). Evolution: Education and Outreach 2 (2): 178–190. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0118-3. ISSN 1936-6434.
Siveter, Derek J.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Legg, David (2018-08-01). “A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte, UK” (英語). Open Science 5 (8): 172101. doi:10.1098/rsos.172101. ISSN 2054-5703.
鈴木大地「アリストテレス『動物発生論』の現代生物学・科学哲学的検討Ⅰ : 第1巻第1章～第16章」『古典古代学』第6号、筑波大学大学院人文社会科学研究科古典古代学研究室、2013年、1-23頁、ISSN 1883-7352、NAID 120005373271、2021年10月1日閲覧。
馬渡静夫「触手動物の系統」『哺乳類科学』第10巻第2号、日本哺乳類学会、1970年、61-68頁、doi:10.11238/mammalianscience.10.2_61、ISSN 0385-437X、NAID 130000884220、2021年10月1日閲覧。

動物 (Japanese Wikipedia)

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