Patrick Manning, "The Slave Trade: The Formal Dermographics of a Global System" in Joseph E. Inikori and Stanley L. Engerman (eds), The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (Duke University Press, 1992), pp. 117-44, online at pp. 119-20.
Fage, J.D. (1969). “Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History”. The Journal of African History10 (3): 393–404. doi:10.1017/s0021853700036343.
Rodney, Walter (1966). “African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade”. The Journal of African History7 (3): 431–443. doi:10.1017/s0021853700006514. JSTOR180112.
Paul E. Lovejoy and David Richardson (2001). “The Business of Slaving: Pawnship in Western Africa, c. 1600–1810”. The Journal of African History42 (1): 67–89. doi:10.1017/S0021853700007787.
Johnson, Douglas H. (1989). “The Structure of a Legacy: Military Slavery in Northeast Africa”. Ethnohistory36 (1): 72–88. doi:10.2307/482742. JSTOR482742.
Wylie, Kenneth C. (1969). “Innovation and Change in Mende Chieftaincy 1880–1896”. The Journal of African History10 (2): 295–308. doi:10.1017/s0021853700009531. JSTOR179516.
Savage, Sharon (24 April 2018). "Faculty Opinions recommendation of Shorter telomere length in Europeans than in Africans due to polygenetic adaptation" (Document). H1 Connect. doi:10.3410/f.726191338.793545190。
Manning, Patrick (1983). “Contours of Slavery and Social Change in Africa”. American Historical Review88 (4): 835–857. doi:10.2307/1874022. JSTOR1874022.
Ahmad, Abdussamad H. (1999). “Trading in Slaves in Bela-Shangul and Gumuz, Ethiopia: Border Enclaves in History, 1897-1938”. The Journal of African History40 (3): 433–446. doi:10.1017/S0021853799007458. JSTOR183622.
Heywood, Linda M.; 2009 (2009). “Slavery and its transformations in the Kingdom of Kongo: 1491–1800”. The Journal of African History50: 1–22. doi:10.1017/S0021853709004228.
Thursby, Jerry; Thursby, Marie (2000). Who is Selling the Ivory Tower? Sources of Growth in University Licensing. Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w7718.
Tanks for transport of dangerous goods. Service equipment for tanks. Fill hole cover, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/02708673u
"Figure 6.5 If you were to start a business today, which are the two risks you would be most afraid of?" (Document). OECD iLibrary. doi:10.1787/888932829514。
"Households that receive remittances are often more likely to be business owners" (Document). OECD iLibrary. doi:10.1787/888933418034。
“VIII. "And although these men were rare and wonderful, they were nevertheless but men, and the opportunities which they had were far less favorable than the present; nor were their undertakings more just or more easy than this; neither was God more a friend of them than of you."”, How to Choose a Leader (Princeton: Princeton University Press): pp. 37–41, (2016-12-31), doi:10.1515/9781400880409-009, ISBN978-1-4008-8040-9
Campbell, Gwyn; Alpers, Edward A. (2004). “Introduction: Slavery, forced labour and resistance in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia”. Slavery & Abolition25 (2): ix–xxvii. doi:10.1080/0144039042000292992.
Manning, Patrick (1990). “The Slave Trade: The Formal Demography of a Global System”. Social Science History14 (2): 255–279. doi:10.2307/1171441. JSTOR1171441.
Van Dantzig, Albert (1975). “Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Some West African Societies”. Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire62 (226): 252–269. doi:10.3406/outre.1975.1831.
Hibgame, Frederick T. (1904-09-24). “Bristol Slave Ships, Their Owners and Captains”. Notes and Queriess10-II (39): 257. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-ii.39.257e. ISSN1471-6941.
Stanley L. Engerman (2012). “The Slave Trade and British Capital Formation in the Eighteenth Century”. Business History Review46 (4): 430–443. doi:10.2307/3113341. JSTOR3113341.
Richard Pares (1937). “The Economic Factors in the History of the Empire”. The Economic History Review7 (2): 119–144. doi:10.2307/2590147. JSTOR2590147.
globalmarch.org
"Ethiopia"(PDF). Global March. 2012年5月21日時点のオリジナル(PDF)よりアーカイブ。2023年9月28日閲覧。
Rodney, Walter (1966). “African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade”. The Journal of African History7 (3): 431–443. doi:10.1017/s0021853700006514. JSTOR180112.
Johnson, Douglas H. (1989). “The Structure of a Legacy: Military Slavery in Northeast Africa”. Ethnohistory36 (1): 72–88. doi:10.2307/482742. JSTOR482742.
Wylie, Kenneth C. (1969). “Innovation and Change in Mende Chieftaincy 1880–1896”. The Journal of African History10 (2): 295–308. doi:10.1017/s0021853700009531. JSTOR179516.
Manning, Patrick (1983). “Contours of Slavery and Social Change in Africa”. American Historical Review88 (4): 835–857. doi:10.2307/1874022. JSTOR1874022.
Ahmad, Abdussamad H. (1999). “Trading in Slaves in Bela-Shangul and Gumuz, Ethiopia: Border Enclaves in History, 1897-1938”. The Journal of African History40 (3): 433–446. doi:10.1017/S0021853799007458. JSTOR183622.
Manning, Patrick (1990). “The Slave Trade: The Formal Demography of a Global System”. Social Science History14 (2): 255–279. doi:10.2307/1171441. JSTOR1171441.
Stanley L. Engerman (2012). “The Slave Trade and British Capital Formation in the Eighteenth Century”. Business History Review46 (4): 430–443. doi:10.2307/3113341. JSTOR3113341.
Richard Pares (1937). “The Economic Factors in the History of the Empire”. The Economic History Review7 (2): 119–144. doi:10.2307/2590147. JSTOR2590147.
kituochakatiba.co.ug
“HAILE SELASSIE”. Kituo cha katiba(東アフリカ憲法発展センター). 2008年8月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2023年10月1日閲覧。
“Health in Slavery”. Of Germs, Genes, and Genocide: Slavery, Capitalism, Imperialism, Health and Medicine. United Kingdom Council for Human Rights (1989年). 17 June 2008時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。13 January 2010閲覧。
“Haiti”. The World Factbook. 中央情報局. 2023年9月30日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2023年10月1日閲覧。
“Health in Slavery”. Of Germs, Genes, and Genocide: Slavery, Capitalism, Imperialism, Health and Medicine. United Kingdom Council for Human Rights (1989年). 17 June 2008時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。13 January 2010閲覧。
Hibgame, Frederick T. (1904-09-24). “Bristol Slave Ships, Their Owners and Captains”. Notes and Queriess10-II (39): 257. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-ii.39.257e. ISSN1471-6941.
Theler, James L., 1946- (2003). Twelve millennia : archaeology of the upper Mississippi River Valley. University of Iowa Press. ISBN1-58729-439-7. OCLC56109468
Akinjogbin, I. A. (1967). Dahomey and Its Neighbors: 1708–1818. Cambridge University Press. OCLC469476592
Thomas, Hugh, 1931-2017. (12 November 2015). The slave trade : the history of the Atlantic slave trade, 1440-1870. Orion. ISBN978-1-4746-0336-2. OCLC935680918