グロンスポルトは、かつてモーゼル川（古ノルド語Musulá）河畔にあった某都市[113]。現今のどの市町村かの特定はできないフォン・デア・ハーゲンもわからないという: von Der Hagens (1855) Wilkina- und Niflunga-Saga oder Dietrich von Bern und die Nibelungen, III: 267n。
Warner, Marina From the Beast to the Blonde, p. 406 apudFraser 2017, Chapter 1. § Prehistory: Mermaids in the West: "comb and mirror.. probably inherited from the goddess of love, Aphrodite".
Morris, Richard, ed (1872). “Natura Sirene”. An Old English miscellany containing a bestiary, Kentish sermons, Proverbs of Alfred, religious poems of the thirteenth century [The Mermaid]. E.E.T.S. Original series 49. Early English Text Society. pp. 18–19. https://books.google.com/books?id=sVMJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA18 With marginal synopsis.
Warner, Marina (1994) From the Beast to the Blonde, p. 406 apudFraser 2017, Chapter 1. § Prehistory: Mermaids in the West: "comb and mirror.. probably inherited from the goddess of love, Aphrodite".
Pakis 2010, p. 126 and n40、Cleasby & Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary, s. v. "man"を引用。
Bartsch ed. (1905), 5th ed., Das Nibelungenlied, XXV. Âventiure, Str. 1533–1544; Edwards, Cyril tr. (2020). The Nibelungenlied: The Lay of the Nibelungs. "Twenty-fifth Adventure" Str. 1532–1543, Oxford University Press
Chapter 52: Spirit of the Sea / 52.4 "Mermaid and the Fisherman" in: Kvideland & Sehmsdorf 1988, pp. 261–262 apudRekdal, Olav (1933) "Havfrua og fiskaren", Eventyr og segner p. 110. 1923年 Guri Finnset（ノルウェー Eikisdalen, Romsdalen在住）よりの採集話。
Olaus Magnus (1996). Foote, Peter. ed. Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus: Romæ 1555 [Description of the Northern Peoples : Rome 1555]. Hakluyt Society. p. 1052. "There can be heard melodious flutes and.. cymbals.. as I recounted.. on the sister Fates and the nymphs, as Pliny.. reads..'An embassy was dispatched from Olysippo.. to the Emperor Tiberius that Triton had been seen.. And.. the Nereids... the people.. listened from afar to her dismal moans at the hour of her death', etc."; e-book (unpaginated)
Olaus Magnus (1998). Foote, Peter. ed. Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus: Romæ 1555 [Description of the Northern Peoples : Rome 1555]. Hakluyt Society. p. 1081. ISBN9780904180435. "There are also sea-creatures, like mermaids, which sing plaintively and are similar in shape to human beings; and there are mermen"; e-book (unpaginated)
"rosmer, rosmar"("hross, ross" '馬' + "mer, mar" '海'）。Nansen 2014. Chap. XII, p. 174: "The fact that.. a Russian author of the sixteenth century (Mikhow) uses the Norwegian name 'rosmar')" [for walrus]"
Churchill, Awnsham; Churchill, John, eds (1704). “Chapter V. His Stay in Manila”. An Account of the Empire of China, Historical, Political, Moral and Religious.. (in: A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts. Others Translated Out of Foreign Languages and Now First Publish'd in English). 1. Black Swan in Pater-Noster-Row. p. 249. https://books.google.com/books?id=7rabk_wcv4IC&pg=PA249
Renard, Louis (1754). “monstre ou sirenne”. Poissons, ecrevisses et crabes, de diverses couleurs et figures extraordinaires: que l'on trouve autour des isles Moluques et sur les côtes des terres Australes: peints d'après nature ... Ouvrage ... quit contient un trr̀e grand nombre de poissons les plus beaux & les plus rares de la Mer des Indes. Baltazar Coyett, Adrien van der Stell (2 ed.). Amsterdam: Chez Reinier & Josué Ottens. Planche LVII, Nº 240. https://books.google.com/books?id=10s8hXP9Ej0C&pg=PT6（ミシガン大学蔵本）
“Figure: Asset number 578106001”. British Museum. 2022年4月2日閲覧。. Description: Figure of a 'mermaid' composed of the upper part of a monkey's body and a fish tail, with various additions. With wooden lidded case.
Fonseca, Pedro Carlos Louzada (2009). “Tropos da colonizaçao da América: discurso do gênero e simbolismo animal”. Romance Notes2 (Norse Greenland - Selected Papers from the Hvalsey Conference 2008): 3–4. doi:10.1353/rmc.2009.0035. JSTOR43801787.
Woodruff, Helen (September 1930). “The Physiologus of Bern: A Survival of Alexandrian Style in a Ninth Century”. The Art Bulletin12 (3): Fig. 22 and p. 249. JSTOR3050780.
Etting, Vivian (2009). “The Rediscovery of Greenland during the Reign of Christian IV”. Journal of the North Atlantic2 (Norse Greenland - Selected Papers from the Hvalsey Conference 2008): 159. JSTOR26686946. "Dutch captain David Dannel [sic.].. a mermaid with 'flowing hair..'"
Burr, Brooks M. (18 February 1997). “Reviewed Work(s): Fishes, Crayfishes, and Crabs. Louis Renard's Natural History of the Rarest Curiosities of the Seas of the Indies by Theodore W. Pietsch”. Copeia1997 (1): 241–243. JSTOR1447871.
Fonseca, Pedro Carlos Louzada (2009). “Tropos da colonizaçao da América: discurso do gênero e simbolismo animal”. Romance Notes2 (Norse Greenland - Selected Papers from the Hvalsey Conference 2008): 3–4. doi:10.1353/rmc.2009.0035. JSTOR43801787.
Armistead tr. 2001 vv, 391–462, pp. 85–86 Armistead, Mary Allyson ed., tr. (12 April 2001). The Middle English Physiologus: A Critical Translation and Commentary (M.A., English Literature). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University. pp. 85–90. CiteSeerX10.1.1.557.6420。
西インド会社理事デ・ラエ（英語版）、ラテン名ラティウスも、痔に効くことを実体験している。 "Hemorrhoides, which the praised Latius hath observed by experience.. Brancelets being made of the bones..carried to Rome".[44]
「ベルン318番写本」（ベルン市立図書館、Codex Bongarsianus 318）、うち第18章「セイレーンとオノケンタウロス」（第13v葉）。原文ラテン語の見出しは「セーレーンとホノケンタウルスのに性質ついて de natura serenae et honocentauris」。現今フランス北部ランス (マルヌ県)に近いオーヴィエ修道院（英語版）、830年頃成立[65][66]。
Olaus Magnus (1996). Foote, Peter. ed. Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus: Romæ 1555 [Description of the Northern Peoples : Rome 1555]. Hakluyt Society. p. 1052. "There can be heard melodious flutes and.. cymbals.. as I recounted.. on the sister Fates and the nymphs, as Pliny.. reads..'An embassy was dispatched from Olysippo.. to the Emperor Tiberius that Triton had been seen.. And.. the Nereids... the people.. listened from afar to her dismal moans at the hour of her death', etc."; e-book (unpaginated)
Olaus Magnus (1998). Foote, Peter. ed. Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus: Romæ 1555 [Description of the Northern Peoples : Rome 1555]. Hakluyt Society. p. 1081. ISBN9780904180435. "There are also sea-creatures, like mermaids, which sing plaintively and are similar in shape to human beings; and there are mermen"; e-book (unpaginated)
Churchill, Awnsham; Churchill, John, eds (1704). “Chapter V. His Stay in Manila”. An Account of the Empire of China, Historical, Political, Moral and Religious.. (in: A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts. Others Translated Out of Foreign Languages and Now First Publish'd in English). 1. Black Swan in Pater-Noster-Row. p. 249. https://books.google.com/books?id=7rabk_wcv4IC&pg=PA249
Renard, Louis (1754). “monstre ou sirenne”. Poissons, ecrevisses et crabes, de diverses couleurs et figures extraordinaires: que l'on trouve autour des isles Moluques et sur les côtes des terres Australes: peints d'après nature ... Ouvrage ... quit contient un trr̀e grand nombre de poissons les plus beaux & les plus rares de la Mer des Indes. Baltazar Coyett, Adrien van der Stell (2 ed.). Amsterdam: Chez Reinier & Josué Ottens. Planche LVII, Nº 240. https://books.google.com/books?id=10s8hXP9Ej0C&pg=PT6（ミシガン大学蔵本）
Chapter 52: Spirit of the Sea / 52.4 "Mermaid and the Fisherman" in: Kvideland & Sehmsdorf 1988, pp. 261–262 apudRekdal, Olav (1933) "Havfrua og fiskaren", Eventyr og segner p. 110. 1923年 Guri Finnset（ノルウェー Eikisdalen, Romsdalen在住）よりの採集話。
