할로윈 (Korean Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "할로윈" in Korean language version.

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  • “Bishop Challenges Supermarkets to Lighten up Halloween”. The Church of England. 2012년 5월 18일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2009년 10월 28일에 확인함. Christianity needs to make clear its positive message for young people. It's high time we reclaimed the Christian aspects of Halloween," says the Bishop, explaining the background to his letter. 

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  • Elwell, Walter A. (2001). 《Evangelical Dictionary of Theology》 (영어). Baker Academic. 533쪽. ISBN 978-0-8010-2075-9. Halloween (All Hallows Eve). The name given to October 31, the eve of the Christian festival of All Saints Day (November 1). 
  • 《Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World Religions》. Merriam-Webster. 1999. 408쪽. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0. 2011년 10월 31일에 확인함. Halloween, also called All Hallows' Eve, holy or hallowed evening observed on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day. The Irish pre-Christian observances influenced the Christian festival of All Hallows' Eve, celebrated on the same date. 
  • Skog, Jason (2008). 《Teens in Finland》. Capstone. 31쪽. ISBN 978-0-7565-3405-9. Most funerals are Lutheran, and nearly 98 percent of all funerals take place in a church. It is customary to take pictures of funerals or even videotape them. To Finns, death is a part of the cycle of life, and a funeral is another special occasion worth remembering. In fact, during All Hallow's Eve and Christmas Eve, cemeteries are known as valomeri, or seas of light. Finns visit cemeteries and light candles in remembrance of the deceased. 
  • Hynes, Mary Ellen (1993). 《Companion to the Calendar》. Liturgy Training Publications. 160쪽. ISBN 978-1-56854-011-5. In most of Europe, Halloween is strictly a religious event. Sometimes in North America the church's traditions are lost or confused. 
  • Braden, Donna R.; Village, Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield (1988). 《Leisure and entertainment in America》. Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village. ISBN 978-0-933728-32-5. 2014년 6월 2일에 확인함. Halloween, a holiday with religious origins but increasingly secularized as celebrated in America, came to assume major proportions as a children's festivity. 
  • Luck, Steve (1998). 〈All Saints' Day〉 (영어). 《The American Desk Encyclopedia》. Oxford University Press. 22쪽. ISBN 978-0-19-521465-9. 
  • Rogers, Nicholas (2001). 《Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night》. Oxford University Press. 28–30쪽. ISBN 978-0-19-514691-2. 
  • Levene, Alysa (2016). 《Cake: A Slice of History》 (영어). Pegasus Books. 44쪽. ISBN 978-1-68177-108-3. Like the perennial favourites, hot cross buns; they were often marked with a cross to indicate that they were baked as alms. 
  • Carter, Albert Howard; Petro, Jane Arbuckle (1998). 《Rising from the Flames: The Experience of the Severely Burned》 (영어). University of Pennsylvania Press. 100쪽. ISBN 978-0-8122-1517-5. Halloween, incorporated into the Christian year as the eve of All Saints Day, marked the return of the souls of the departed and the release of devils who could move freely on that night. Fires lit on that night served to prevent the influence of such spirits and to provide omens for the future. Modern children go from house to house at Halloween with flashlights powered by electric batteries, while jack o'lanterns (perhaps with an actual candle, but often with a lightbulb) glow from windows and porches. 
  • Bannatyne, Lesley (1998). 《Halloween: An American Holiday, an American History》 (영어). Pelican Publishing Company. 19쪽. ISBN 978-1-4556-0553-8. Villagers were also encouraged to masquerade on this day, not to frighten unwelcome spirits, but to honor Christian saints. On All Saints' Day, churches throughout Europe and the British Isles displayed relics of their patron saints. Poor churches could not afford genuine relics and instead had processions in which parishioners dressed as saints, angels and devils. It served the new church by giving an acceptable Christian basis to the custom of dressing up on Halloween. 
  • Morrow, Ed (2001). 《The Halloween Handbook》 (영어). Kensington Publishing Corporation. 19쪽. ISBN 978-0-8065-2227-2. Another contributor to the custom of dressing up at Halloween was the old Irish practice of marking All Hallows' Day with religious pageants that recounted biblical events. These were common during the Middle Ages all across Europe. The featured players dressed as saints and angels, but there were also plenty of roles for demons who had more fun, capering, acting devilish, and playing to the crows. The pageant began inside the church, then moved by procession to the churchyard, where it continued long into the night. 
  • Hutton, Ronald (2001). 《Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain》 (영어). Oxford University Press. 369, 373쪽. ISBN 978-0-19-157842-7. Fires were indeed lit in England on All Saints' Day, notably in Lancashire, and may well ultimately have descended from the same rites, but were essentially party of a Christian ceremony ... families still assembled at the midnight before All Saints' Day in the early nineteenth century. Each did so on a hill near its homestead, one person holding a large bunch of burning straw on the end of a fork. The rest in a circle around and prayed for the souls of relatives and friends until the flames burned out. The author who recorded this custom added that it gradually died out in the latter part of the century, but that before it had been very common and at nearby Whittingham such fires could be seen all around the horizon at Hallowe'en. He went on to say that the name 'Purgatory Field', found across northern Lancashire, testified to an even wider distribution and that the rite itself was called 'Teen'lay'. 
  • Morton, Lisa (2003). 《The Halloween Encyclopedia》. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1524-3. 
  • Thomas Crawford Burns: a study of the poems and songs Crawford, Thomas (1960). 《Burns: A Study of the Poems and Songs》. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0055-9. 2016년 4월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 11월 27일에 확인함.  Stanford University Press, 1960
  • Carmichael, Sherman (2012). 《Legends and Lore of South Carolina》. The History Press. 70쪽. ISBN 978-1-60949-748-4. The practice of dressing up and going door to door for treats dates back to the middle ages and the practice of souling. 
  • Diehl, Daniel; Donnelly, Mark P. (2011년 4월 13일). 《Medieval Celebrations: Your Guide to Planning and Hosting Spectacular Feasts, Parties, Weddings, and Renaissance Fairs》 (영어). Stackpole Books. 17쪽. ISBN 978-0-8117-4430-0. All Hallows' Eve. A time of spiritual unrest, when the souls of the dead, along with ghosts and evil spirits, were believed to walk the land. Church bells were run and fires lit to guide these souls on their way and deflect them from haunting honest Christian folk. Barns and homes were blessed to protect people and livestock from the effects of witches, who were believed to accompany the malignant spirits as they traveld the earth. Although a rare few continued to divine the future, cast spells, and tell ghost stories in rural communities, woe to anyone who was denounced to the church for engaging in such activities. These may seem like innocent fun today, but it was deadly serious stuff during the Middle Ages. 
  • Morton, Lisa (2012년 9월 28일). 《Trick or Treat: A History of Halloween》 (paperback). United Kingdom: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-047-4. 

archive.today (Global: 14th place; Korean: 15th place)

  • Andrew James Harvey (2012년 10월 31일). 'All Hallows' Eve'. 《The Patriot Post》. 2013년 4월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 11월 1일에 확인함. "The vigil of the hallows" refers to the prayer service the evening before the celebration of All Hallows or Saints Day. Or "Halloween" for short – a fixture on the liturgical calendar of the Christian West since the seventh century. 

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  • “BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve”. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. 2011년 11월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 11월 1일에 확인함. It is widely believed that many Hallowe'en traditions have evolved from an ancient Celtic festival called Samhain which was Christianised by the early Church.... All Hallows' Eve falls on 31st October each year, and is the day before All Hallows' Day, also known as All Saints' Day in the Christian calendar. The Church traditionally held a vigil on All Hallows' Eve when worshippers would prepare themselves with prayers and fasting prior to the feast day itself. The name derives from the Old English 'hallowed' meaning holy or sanctified and is now usually contracted to the more familiar word Hallowe'en. ...However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain ... 
  • “All Hallows' Eve” (영어). British Broadcasting Corporation. 2011년 10월 20일. 2021년 10월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 10월 29일에 확인함. However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November. 
  • All Hallows' Eve 보관됨 3 11월 2011 - 웨이백 머신 BBC. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  • “BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve”. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. 2011년 11월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 11월 1일에 확인함. All Hallows' Eve falls on 31st October each year, and is the day before All Hallows' Day, also known as All Saints' Day in the Christian calendar. The Church traditionally held a vigil on All Hallows' Eve when worshippers would prepare themselves with prayers and fasting prior to the feast day itself. 

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  • 〈Halloween〉. 《Encyclopædia Britannica》. 2012년 10월 30일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 10월 25일에 확인함. 

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  • “Vigil of All Saints”. Catholic News Agency. 2012년 10월 31일. 2013년 5월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 11월 1일에 확인함. The Vigil is based on the monastic office of Vigils (or Matins), when the monks would arise in the middle of the night to pray. On major feast days, they would have an extended service of readings (scriptural, patristic, and from lives of the saints) in addition to chanting the psalms. This all would be done in the dark, of course, and was an opportunity to listen carefully to the Word of God as well as the words of the Church Fathers and great saints. The Vigil of All Saints is an adaptation of this ancient practice, using the canonical office of Compline at the end. 

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  • “Clay”. 《www.cliffsnotes.com》. 2020년 11월 1일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 10월 31일에 확인함. 

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  • “Halloween” (영어). Anglican Diocese of Worcester. 2020년 10월 20일. 2023년 11월 2일에 확인함. the word Halloween means ‘holy evening’ and comes from All Hallow’s Eve? Traditionally it is the fast day before the feast days of All Saints (1 Nov) and All Souls (2 Nov) which are opportunities to celebrate the saints and remember those who have departed this life. 

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  • 〈Definition of "guising". 《Collins English Dictionary》. (in Scotland and N England) the practice or custom of disguising oneself in fancy dress, often with a mask, and visiting people's houses, esp at Halloween 

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  • “All Hallows Eve Service” (PDF). Duke University. 2012년 10월 31일. 2013년 10월 5일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 5월 31일에 확인함. About All Hallows Eve: Tonight is the eve of All Saints Day, the festival in the Church that recalls the faith and witness of the men and women who have come before us. The service celebrates our continuing communion with them, and memorializes the recently deceased. The early church followed the Jewish custom that a new day began at sundown; thus, feasts and festivals in the church were observed beginning the night before. 

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  • Allen, Travis (2011). “Christians and Halloween”. Church Publishing, Inc. 2011년 10월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 10월 31일에 확인함. Other Christians will opt for Halloween alternatives called 'Harvest Festivals', 'Hallelujah Night' or 'Reformation Festivals' – the kids dress up as farmers, Bible characters, or Reformation heroes. 

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  • Greg Ryan (2008년 9월 17일). “A Model of Mayhem”. 《Hudson Valley Magazine》. 2011년 5월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 10월 6일에 확인함. 

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  • “Ten trick-or-treating facts for impressive bonfire chats”. 《The Irish Times》. 2014년 10월 31일. 2021년 1월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 10월 28일에 확인함. Scotland and Ireland started tricking: A few decades later a practice called ‘guising’ was in full swing in Scotland and Ireland. Short for ‘disguising’, children would go out from door to door dressed in costume and rather than pledging to pray, they would tell a joke, sing a song or perform another sort of "trick" in exchange for food or money. The expression trick or treat has only been used at front doors for the last 10 to 15 years. Before that "Help the Halloween Party" seems to have been the most popular phrase to holler. 

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  • “Snap Apple Night, or All-Hallow Eve. January 1, 1845”. Metmuseum.org. 2021년 10월 25일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 19일에 확인함. In October 1832 Daniel Maclise attended a Halloween party in Blarney, Ireland and, the next summer, exhibited a painting at London’s Royal Academy of Arts, titled "Snap Apple Night, or All Hallow Eve." 

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  • “Night of Light Beginnings”. Cor et Lumen Christi Community. 2013년 10월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 11월 2일에 확인함. In its first year – 2000 AD – over 1000 people participated from several countries. This included special All Saints Vigil masses, extended periods of Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and parties for children. In our second year 10,000 participated. Since these modest beginnings, the Night of Light has been adopted in many countries around the world with vast numbers involved each year from a Cathedral in India to a convent in New Zealand; from Churches in the US and Europe to Africa; in Schools, churches, homes and church halls all ages have got involved. Although it began in the Catholic Church it has been taken up by other Christians who while keeping its essentials have adapted it to suit their own traditions. 

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  • Andrew James Harvey (2012년 10월 31일). 'All Hallows' Eve'. 《The Patriot Post》. 2013년 4월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 11월 1일에 확인함. "The vigil of the hallows" refers to the prayer service the evening before the celebration of All Hallows or Saints Day. Or "Halloween" for short – a fixture on the liturgical calendar of the Christian West since the seventh century. 

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  • “A757914”. 《Catalog of Copyright Entries》. Third Series 30: xliii. July–December 1976. ISSN 0041-7815. 2020년 10월 31일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 7월 22일에 확인함. 

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  • Mayne, John. “Halloween”. 《PoetryExplorer》. 2022년 11월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 11월 24일에 확인함. 

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  • * Moser, Stefan (2010년 10월 29일). “Kein 'Trick or Treat' bei Salzburgs Kelten” (독일어). Salzburger Nachrichten. 2014년 3월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 8월 11일에 확인함. Die Kelten haben gar nichts mit Halloween zu tun", entkräftet Stefan Moser, Direktor des Keltenmuseums Hallein, einen weit verbreiteten Mythos. Moser sieht die Ursprünge von Halloween insgesamt in einem christlichen Brauch, nicht in einem keltischen. 
    • Döring, Alois; Bolinius, Erich (2006년 10월 31일), 《Samhain – Halloween – Allerheiligen》 (독일어), FDP Emden, Die lückenhaften religionsgeschichtlichen Überlieferungen, die auf die Neuzeit begrenzte historische Dimension der Halloween-Kultausprägung, vor allem auch die Halloween-Metaphorik legen nahe, daß wir umdenken müssen: Halloween geht nicht auf das heidnische Samhain zurück, sondern steht in Bezug zum christlichen Totengedenkfest Allerheiligen/ Allerseelen. 

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  • Mader, Isabel (2014년 9월 30일). “Halloween Colcannon”. 《Simmer Magazine》. 2014년 10월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 10월 3일에 확인함. All Hallow's Eve was a Western (Anglo) Christian holiday that revolved around commemorating the dead using humor to intimidate death itself. Like all holidays, All Hallow's Eve involved traditional treats. The church encouraged an abstinence from meat, which created many vegetarian dishes. 

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telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30th place; Korean: 129th place)

  • “Here's to the Soulcakers going about their mysterious mummery”. 《The Telegraph》. 2010년 11월 6일. 2013년 4월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 11월 6일에 확인함. One that has grown over the past decade is the so-called Night of Light, on All Hallows' Eve, October 31. It was invented in 2000, in leafy Chertsey, Surrey, when perhaps 1,000 people took part. Now it is a worldwide movement, popular in Africa and the United States.

    The heart of the Night of Light is an all-night vigil of prayer, but there is room for children's fun too: sweets, perhaps a bonfire and dressing up as St George or St Lucy. The minimum gesture is to put a lighted candle in the window, which is in itself too exciting for some proponents of health and safety. The inventor of the Night of Light is Damian Stayne, the founder of a year-round religious community called Cor et Lumen Christi – heart and light of Christ. This new movement is Catholic, orthodox and charismatic – emphasising the work of the Holy Spirit.
     

thedialog.org (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; Korean: 65th place)

themanitoban.com (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

time.com (Global: 61st place; Korean: 112th place)

trickortreatforunicef.ca (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

u.tv (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

universia.cl (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

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usatoday.com (Global: 41st place; Korean: 210th place)

usatoday30.usatoday.com

  • Suarez, Essdras (2007년 10월 29일). “Some Christians use 'Hell Houses' to reach out on Halloween”. 《USA Today》. 2021년 4월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 11월 7일에 확인함. While some Christians aren't certain what to make of Halloween – unsure whether to embrace or ignore all the goblins and ghoulishness – some evangelical churches use Oct. 31 as a day to evangelize. ...Some use trick-or-treating as an evangelistic opportunity, giving out Bible tracts with candy. 

usatoday.com

ussu.co.uk (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

  • Hughes, Rebekkah (2014년 10월 29일). “Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!” (PDF). 《The Stag》 (University of Surrey). 1면. 2015년 11월 19일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 10월 31일에 확인함. Halloween or Hallowe'en, is the yearly celebration on October 31st that signifies the first day of Allhallowtide, being the time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints and all faithful departed Christians. 

vintageholidaycrafts.com (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

visionnationals.org (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34th place; Korean: 124th place)

  • Barr, Beth Allison (2016년 10월 28일). “Guess what? Halloween is more Christian than Pagan” (영어). 《The Washington Post》. 2021년 11월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 10월 15일에 확인함. It is the medieval Christian festivals of All Saints' and All Souls' that provide our firmest foundation for Halloween. From emphasizing dead souls (both good and evil), to decorating skeletons, lighting candles for processions, building bonfires to ward off evil spirits, organizing community feasts, and even encouraging carnival practices like costumes, the medieval and early modern traditions of "Hallowtide" fit well with our modern holiday. So what does this all mean? It means that when we celebrate Halloween, we are definitely participating in a tradition with deep historical roots. But, while those roots are firmly situated in the medieval Christian past, their historical connection to "paganism" is rather more tenuous. 
  • Lum, Kathryn Gin (2014년 10월 30일). “These evangelical haunted houses are designed to show sinners that they're going to hell”. 《The Washington Post》. 2014년 10월 31일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 7월 22일에 확인함. 
  • “8 Killed by Smoky Fire in Park's 'Haunted Castle'. 《The Washington Post》. 1984년 5월 12일. 2017년 8월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Korean: 1st place)

weirdhalloween.com (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

  • Hollister, Helen (1917). 〈Halloween Frolics〉. 《Parlor Games for the Wise and Otherwise》. Philadelphia: Penn Publishing Company. 98쪽. 8 December 2015에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 

wetaskiwintimes.com (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

wikisource.org (Global: 27th place; Korean: 10th place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; Korean: 11th place)

wsj.com (Global: 79th place; Korean: 200th place)

어바웃.com (Global: low place; Korean: low place)

antiques.어바웃.com