Polarisasi politik (Malay Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Polarisasi politik" in Malay language version.

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50doi.org

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annualreviews.org

Iyengar, Shanto; Lelkes, Yphtach; Levendusky, Matthew; Malhotra, Neil; Westwood, Sean J. (2019). "The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science. 22 (1): 129–146. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034. ISSN 1094-2939.

archive.org

McCarty, Nolan; Poole, Keith T.; Rosenthal, Howard (2006). Polarized America : the dance of ideology and unequal riches. MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass. ISBN 978-0262134644.
Fiorina, Morris P.; Samuel A. Abrams; Jeremy C. Pope (2006). Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America. Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0321276407.

books.google.com

Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-05.
Sartori, Giovanni (1976). Parties and party systems : a framework for analysis (ed. [Nouvelle édition]). Colchester: ECPR. ISBN 978-0954796617.

brookings.edu

and (2019-04-01). "Democracies Divided". Brookings (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2019-11-24.

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Kousser, J (November 1996). "Estimating the Partisan Consequences of Redistricting Plans – Simply" (PDF). Legislative Studies Quarterly. 21 (4): 521–541. doi:10.2307/440460. JSTOR 440460. ProQuest 60821189.

cambridge.org

Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2023-03-30). "Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris): 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000266. ISSN 0003-0554.
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2023-03-30). "Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris): 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000266. ISSN 0003-0554.

columbia.edu

ftp.columbia.edu

Bafumi, Joseph; Shapiro, Robert Y. (27 January 2009). "A New Partisan Voter" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 71 (1): 1. doi:10.1017/S0022381608090014.

dartmouth.edu

Abramowitz, Alan; Saunders, Kyle L. (July 2005). "Why can't we all just get along? The reality of polarized America" (PDF). The Forum. De Gruyter. 3 (2): 1–22. doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1076. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-10-19.

doi.org

DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 4 March 2016. Dicapai pada 22 April 2013.
Baldassarri, Delia; Gelman, Andrew (1 September 2008). "Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion". American Journal of Sociology. 114 (2): 408–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.255. doi:10.1086/590649.
Fiorina, Morris P.; Abrams, Samuel J. (1 June 2008). "Political Polarization in the American Public". Annual Review of Political Science. 11 (1): 563–588. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836.
Chinn, Sedona; Hart, P. Sol; Soroka, Stuart (February 2020). "Politicization and Polarization in Climate Change News Content, 1985-2017". Science Communication. 42 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1177/1075547019900290.
Iyengar, Shanto; Lelkes, Yphtach; Levendusky, Matthew; Malhotra, Neil; Westwood, Sean J. (2019). "The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science. 22 (1): 129–146. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034. ISSN 1094-2939.
Hetherington, Marc J. (17 February 2009). "Review Article: Putting Polarization in Perspective". British Journal of Political Science. 39 (2): 413. doi:10.1017/S0007123408000501.
Layman, Geoffrey C.; Carsey, Thomas M.; Horowitz, Juliana Menasce (1 June 2006). "Party Polarization in American Politics: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences". Annual Review of Political Science. 9 (1): 83–110. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.070204.105138.
Carmines, E. G.; Ensley, M.J.; Wagner, M.W. (23 October 2012). "Who Fits the Left–Right Divide? Partisan Polarization in the American Electorate". American Behavioral Scientist. 56 (12): 1631–1653. doi:10.1177/0002764212463353.
Claassen, R.L.; Highton, B. (9 September 2008). "Policy Polarization among Party Elites and the Significance of Political Awareness in the Mass Public". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3): 538–551. doi:10.1177/1065912908322415.
García-Guadilla, María Pilar; Mallen, Ana (2019-01-01). "Polarization, Participatory Democracy, and Democratic Erosion in Venezuela's Twenty-First Century Socialism". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 681 (1): 62–77. doi:10.1177/0002716218817733. ISSN 0002-7162.
Iyengar, Shanto; Lelkes, Yphtach; Levendusky, Matthew; Malhotra, Neil; Westwood, Sean J. (2019-05-11). "The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 22 (1): 129–146. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034. ISSN 1094-2939.
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2022-11-07). "Divided by Europe: affective polarisation in the context of European elections". West European Politics. 46 (4): 705–731. doi:10.1080/01402382.2022.2133277. ISSN 0140-2382.
Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. (27 March 2008). "Is Polarization a Myth?". The Journal of Politics. 70 (2): 542. doi:10.1017/S0022381608080493.
Bafumi, Joseph; Shapiro, Robert Y. (27 January 2009). "A New Partisan Voter" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 71 (1): 1. doi:10.1017/S0022381608090014.
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2023-03-30). "Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris): 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000266. ISSN 0003-0554.
Nicholson, Stephen P. (1 January 2012). "Polarizing Cues". American Journal of Political Science. 56 (1): 52–66. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00541.x. PMID 22400143.
Davey, Hampton (1 August 1972). "Polarization and Consensus in Indian Party Politics". Asian Survey. 12 (8): 701–716. doi:10.2307/2643110. JSTOR 2643110.
La Raja, R.J.; Wiltse, D.L. (13 December 2011). "Don't Blame Donors for Ideological Polarization of Political Parties: Ideological Change and Stability Among Political Contributors, 1972–2008". American Politics Research. 40 (3): 501–530. doi:10.1177/1532673X11429845.
Tam Cho, Wendy K.; Gimpel, James G. (1 April 2007). "Prospecting for (Campaign) Gold" (PDF). American Journal of Political Science. 51 (2): 255–268. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00249.x.
Fernbach, Phillip; Rogers, Todd; Fox, Craig; Sloman, Steven (25 April 2013), "Political Extremism Is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding" (PDF), Psychological Science, 24 (6): 939–946, doi:10.1177/0956797612464058, PMID 23620547
Born, Richard (February 1994). "[Split-ticket voters, divided government, and Fiorina's policy-balancing model]: rejoinder". Legislative Studies Quarterly. American Political Science Association. 19 (1): 126–129. doi:10.2307/439804. JSTOR 439804.
Abramowitz, Alan; Saunders, Kyle L. (July 2005). "Why can't we all just get along? The reality of polarized America" (PDF). The Forum. De Gruyter. 3 (2): 1–22. doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1076. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-10-19.
Campbell, David E.; Green, John C.; Layman, Geoffrey C. (January 2011). "The party faithful: partisan images, candidate religion, and the electoral impact of party identification". American Journal of Political Science. Wiley. 55 (1): 42–58. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00474.x.
Layman, Geoffrey C.; Green, John C. (January 2006). "Wars and rumours of wars: the contexts of cultural conflict in American political behaviour". British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge Journals. 36 (1): 61–89. doi:10.1017/S0007123406000044. JSTOR 4092316.
Brooks, Clem; Manza, Jeff (1 May 2004). "A great divide? Religion and political change in U.S. national elections, 1972–2000" (PDF). The Sociological Quarterly. Wiley. 45 (3): 421–450. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02297.x. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 11 June 2010. Dicapai pada 22 April 2013.
Bhavnani, Ravi; Miodownik, Dan (February 2009). "Ethnic polarization, ethnic salience, and Civil War". Journal of Conflict Resolution. SAGE. 53 (1): 30–49. doi:10.1177/0022002708325945.
Sartori, Giovanni (1966). "European political parties: the case of polarized pluralism". Political Parties and Political Development: 137–176. doi:10.1515/9781400875337-006. ISBN 978-1400875337.
McKee, SEth C. (March 2008). "The Effects of Redistricting on Voting Behavior in Incumbent U.S. House Elections, 1992–1994". Political Research Quarterly. 61 (1): 122–133. doi:10.1177/1065912907306473. ProQuest 215329960.
Kousser, J (November 1996). "Estimating the Partisan Consequences of Redistricting Plans – Simply" (PDF). Legislative Studies Quarterly. 21 (4): 521–541. doi:10.2307/440460. JSTOR 440460. ProQuest 60821189.
Hollander, B.A. (1 March 2008). "Tuning Out or Tuning Elsewhere? Partisanship, Polarization, and Media Migration from 1998 to 2006". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 85 (1): 23–40. doi:10.1177/107769900808500103.
Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M. (2011-11-01). "Ideological Segregation Online and Offline *" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 126 (4): 1799–1839. doi:10.1093/qje/qjr044. ISSN 0033-5533. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (bantuan)
Messing, Solomon; Westwood, Sean (31 Dec 2012). "Selective Exposure in the Age of Social Media". Communication Research. 41 (8): 1042–1063. doi:10.1177/0093650212466406.
Dahlgren, Peter M. (2021). "Forced vs. Selective Exposure: Threatening Messages Lead to Anger but Not Dislike of Political Opponents". Journal of Media Psychology. doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000302 (Tidak aktif 31 December 2022).CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Disember 2022 (link)
Duhaime, Erik; Apfelbaum, Evan (2017). "Can Information Decrease Political Polarization? Evidence From the U.S. Taxpayer Receipt". Social Psychological and Personality Science. 8 (7): 736. doi:10.1177/1948550616687126.
Hilbert, M., Ahmed, S., Cho, J., Liu, B., & Luu, J. (2018). Communicating with Algorithms: A Transfer Entropy Analysis of Emotions-based Escapes from Online Echo Chambers. Communication Methods and Measures, 12(4), 260–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2018.1479843 ; https://www.martinhilbert.net/communicating-with-algorithms/
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2023-03-30). "Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris): 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000266. ISSN 0003-0554.
Ridge, Hannah M (2021-01-20). "Just like the others: Party differences, perception, and satisfaction with democracy". Party Politics. 28 (3): 419–430. doi:10.1177/1354068820985193. ISSN 1354-0688.
McCoy, Jennifer; Somer, Murat (2019-01-01). "Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It Harms Democracies: Comparative Evidence and Possible Remedies". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 681 (1): 234–271. doi:10.1177/0002716218818782. ISSN 0002-7162.
McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina; Somer, Murat (January 2018). "Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities". American Behavioral Scientist. 62 (1): 16–42. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576. ISSN 0002-7642.
Somer, Murat; McCoy, Jennifer (2019-01-01). "Transformations through Polarizations and Global Threats to Democracy". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 681 (1): 8–22. doi:10.1177/0002716218818058. ISSN 0002-7162.
Arugay, Slater, Aires, Dan (2019). "Polarizing Figures: Executive Power and Institutional Conflict in Asian Democracies". American Behavioral Scientist. 62: 92–106. doi:10.1177/0002764218759577.
LeBas, Adrienne; Munemo, Ngonidzashe (2019-01-01). "Elite Conflict, Compromise, and Enduring Authoritarianism: Polarization in Zimbabwe, 1980–2008". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 681 (1): 209–226. doi:10.1177/0002716218813897. ISSN 0002-7162.
Somer, McCoy, Murat, Jennifer (2018). "Deja Vu? Polarization and Endangered Democracies in the 21st Century". American Behavioral Scientist. 62: 3–15. doi:10.1177/0002764218760371.
Vegetti, Federico (2019-01-01). "The Political Nature of Ideological Polarization: The Case of Hungary". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 681 (1): 78–96. doi:10.1177/0002716218813895. ISSN 0002-7162.
Stavrakakis, Yannis (January 2018). "Paradoxes of Polarization: Democracy's Inherent Division and the (Anti-) Populist Challenge". American Behavioral Scientist. 62 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1177/0002764218756924. ISSN 0002-7642.
Slater, Dan (2013). Diamond, Larry; Kapstein, Ethan B.; Converse, Nathan; Mattlin, Mikael; Phongpaichit, Pasuk; Baker, Chris (penyunting). "Democratic Careening". World Politics. 65 (4): 729–763. doi:10.1017/S0043887113000233. ISSN 0043-8871. JSTOR 42002228.
Kriesi, Hanspeter (2017). "16. Social movements". Dalam Caramani, Daniele (penyunting). Comparative Politics (ed. 4th). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0018. ISBN 978-0191851018.
Zarkov, Dubravka (2017-06-16). "Populism, polarization and social justice activism". European Journal of Women's Studies. 24 (3): 197–201. doi:10.1177/1350506817713439. ISSN 1350-5068.
Palonen, Emilia (2009). "Political Polarisation and Populism in Contemporary Hungary". Parliamentary Affairs. 62 (2): 318–334. doi:10.1093/pa/gsn048 – melalui Electronic Journal Center.

dx.doi.org

Ridge, Hannah M (2021-01-20). "Just like the others: Party differences, perception, and satisfaction with democracy". Party Politics. 28 (3): 419–430. doi:10.1177/1354068820985193. ISSN 1354-0688.

gu.se

gupea.ub.gu.se

Dahlgren, Peter M. (2020). Media Echo Chambers: Selective Exposure and Confirmation Bias in Media Use, and its Consequences for Political Polarization. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg. ISBN 978-91-88212-95-5.

harvard.edu

scholar.harvard.edu

Fernbach, Phillip; Rogers, Todd; Fox, Craig; Sloman, Steven (25 April 2013), "Political Extremism Is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding" (PDF), Psychological Science, 24 (6): 939–946, doi:10.1177/0956797612464058, PMID 23620547

illinois.edu

cho.pol.illinois.edu

Tam Cho, Wendy K.; Gimpel, James G. (1 April 2007). "Prospecting for (Campaign) Gold" (PDF). American Journal of Political Science. 51 (2): 255–268. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00249.x.

inkstickmedia.com

Schargel and Reis, Sergio e Guilherme (8 February 2023). "LANGUAGE AROUND BRAZIL'S ELECTION OBSCURES A DANGEROUS TREND". Inkstick.

jhu.edu

catalyst.library.jhu.edu

Schattschneider, E. E. (Elmer Eric) (1975). The semisovereign people: a realist's view of democracy in America. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0030133664.

jmu.edu

educ.jmu.edu

DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 4 March 2016. Dicapai pada 22 April 2013.

jstor.org

Davey, Hampton (1 August 1972). "Polarization and Consensus in Indian Party Politics". Asian Survey. 12 (8): 701–716. doi:10.2307/2643110. JSTOR 2643110.
Born, Richard (February 1994). "[Split-ticket voters, divided government, and Fiorina's policy-balancing model]: rejoinder". Legislative Studies Quarterly. American Political Science Association. 19 (1): 126–129. doi:10.2307/439804. JSTOR 439804.
Layman, Geoffrey C.; Green, John C. (January 2006). "Wars and rumours of wars: the contexts of cultural conflict in American political behaviour". British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge Journals. 36 (1): 61–89. doi:10.1017/S0007123406000044. JSTOR 4092316.
Sisk, Timothy D. (January 1989). "White politics in South Africa: politics under pressure". Africa Today. Indiana University Press. 36 (1): 29–39. JSTOR 4186531.
Kousser, J (November 1996). "Estimating the Partisan Consequences of Redistricting Plans – Simply" (PDF). Legislative Studies Quarterly. 21 (4): 521–541. doi:10.2307/440460. JSTOR 440460. ProQuest 60821189.
Slater, Dan (2013). Diamond, Larry; Kapstein, Ethan B.; Converse, Nathan; Mattlin, Mikael; Phongpaichit, Pasuk; Baker, Chris (penyunting). "Democratic Careening". World Politics. 65 (4): 729–763. doi:10.1017/S0043887113000233. ISSN 0043-8871. JSTOR 42002228.

martinhilbert.net

Hilbert, M., Ahmed, S., Cho, J., Liu, B., & Luu, J. (2018). Communicating with Algorithms: A Transfer Entropy Analysis of Emotions-based Escapes from Online Echo Chambers. Communication Methods and Measures, 12(4), 260–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2018.1479843 ; https://www.martinhilbert.net/communicating-with-algorithms/

nexojornal.com.br

Poço e Almeida, Rafael e Rodrigo (30 January 2021). "Polarização em 2022 e a assimetria que poucos enxergam".

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nicholson, Stephen P. (1 January 2012). "Polarizing Cues". American Journal of Political Science. 56 (1): 52–66. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00541.x. PMID 22400143.
Fernbach, Phillip; Rogers, Todd; Fox, Craig; Sloman, Steven (25 April 2013), "Political Extremism Is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding" (PDF), Psychological Science, 24 (6): 939–946, doi:10.1177/0956797612464058, PMID 23620547

nyu.edu

sociology.fas.nyu.edu

Brooks, Clem; Manza, Jeff (1 May 2004). "A great divide? Religion and political change in U.S. national elections, 1972–2000" (PDF). The Sociological Quarterly. Wiley. 45 (3): 421–450. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02297.x. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 11 June 2010. Dicapai pada 22 April 2013.

osu.edu

kb.osu.edu

Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M. (2011-11-01). "Ideological Segregation Online and Offline *" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 126 (4): 1799–1839. doi:10.1093/qje/qjr044. ISSN 0033-5533. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (bantuan)

ourglobalfuture.com

Renie Anjeh, Isabel Doraisamy (April 2022). "The Centre holds". Global Future. Dicapai pada 11 May 2022.

oxfordpoliticstrove.com

Kriesi, Hanspeter (2017). "16. Social movements". Dalam Caramani, Daniele (penyunting). Comparative Politics (ed. 4th). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0018. ISBN 978-0191851018.

people-press.org

"Partisanship and Political Animosity in 2016". Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 2016-06-22. Dicapai pada 2019-10-26.

perceptiongap.us

Stephen Hawkins, Daniel Yudkin, Tim Dixon (June 2019). "The Perception Gap". More in Common. Dicapai pada 11 May 2022.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

princeton.edu

press.princeton.edu

Campbell, James E. (2016). Polarized. ISBN 978-0691172163.

proquest.com

search.proquest.com

McKee, SEth C. (March 2008). "The Effects of Redistricting on Voting Behavior in Incumbent U.S. House Elections, 1992–1994". Political Research Quarterly. 61 (1): 122–133. doi:10.1177/1065912907306473. ProQuest 215329960.
Kousser, J (November 1996). "Estimating the Partisan Consequences of Redistricting Plans – Simply" (PDF). Legislative Studies Quarterly. 21 (4): 521–541. doi:10.2307/440460. JSTOR 440460. ProQuest 60821189.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Baldassarri, Delia; Gelman, Andrew (1 September 2008). "Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion". American Journal of Sociology. 114 (2): 408–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.255. doi:10.1086/590649.

rand.org

Epstein, Diana; John D. Graham (2007). "Polarized Politics and Policy Consequences" (PDF). RAND Corporation.

researchgate.net

McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina (2016-07-25). "Polarized Democracies in Comparative Perspective: Toward a Conceptual Framework". Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)

semanticscholar.org

Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. (27 March 2008). "Is Polarization a Myth?". The Journal of Politics. 70 (2): 542. doi:10.1017/S0022381608080493.
Bhavnani, Ravi; Miodownik, Dan (February 2009). "Ethnic polarization, ethnic salience, and Civil War". Journal of Conflict Resolution. SAGE. 53 (1): 30–49. doi:10.1177/0022002708325945.
Messing, Solomon; Westwood, Sean (31 Dec 2012). "Selective Exposure in the Age of Social Media". Communication Research. 41 (8): 1042–1063. doi:10.1177/0093650212466406.

ssrn.com

Hohenberg, Clemm von; Bernhard; Maes, Michael; Pradelski, Bary S.R. (2017-05-25). "Micro influence and macro dynamics of opinions". SSRN 2974413. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)

unc.edu

cpc.unc.edu

Darity, William A. (2009), "Economic theory and racial economic inequality", dalam Dodson (penyunting), The Black condition, East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, m/s. 1–43, ISBN 978-0870138386.

v-dem.net

"Varieties of Democracy Report 2019" (PDF).

web.archive.org

DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 4 March 2016. Dicapai pada 22 April 2013.
Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-05.
Abramowitz, Alan; Saunders, Kyle L. (July 2005). "Why can't we all just get along? The reality of polarized America" (PDF). The Forum. De Gruyter. 3 (2): 1–22. doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1076. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2013-10-19.
Brooks, Clem; Manza, Jeff (1 May 2004). "A great divide? Religion and political change in U.S. national elections, 1972–2000" (PDF). The Sociological Quarterly. Wiley. 45 (3): 421–450. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02297.x. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 11 June 2010. Dicapai pada 22 April 2013.

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M. (2011-11-01). "Ideological Segregation Online and Offline *" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 126 (4): 1799–1839. doi:10.1093/qje/qjr044. ISSN 0033-5533. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (bantuan)
Hohenberg, Clemm von; Bernhard; Maes, Michael; Pradelski, Bary S.R. (2017-05-25). "Micro influence and macro dynamics of opinions". SSRN 2974413. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina (2016-07-25). "Polarized Democracies in Comparative Perspective: Toward a Conceptual Framework". Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)

worldcat.org

Iyengar, Shanto; Lelkes, Yphtach; Levendusky, Matthew; Malhotra, Neil; Westwood, Sean J. (2019). "The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science. 22 (1): 129–146. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034. ISSN 1094-2939.
García-Guadilla, María Pilar; Mallen, Ana (2019-01-01). "Polarization, Participatory Democracy, and Democratic Erosion in Venezuela's Twenty-First Century Socialism". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 681 (1): 62–77. doi:10.1177/0002716218817733. ISSN 0002-7162.
Iyengar, Shanto; Lelkes, Yphtach; Levendusky, Matthew; Malhotra, Neil; Westwood, Sean J. (2019-05-11). "The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 22 (1): 129–146. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034. ISSN 1094-2939.
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2022-11-07). "Divided by Europe: affective polarisation in the context of European elections". West European Politics. 46 (4): 705–731. doi:10.1080/01402382.2022.2133277. ISSN 0140-2382.
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2023-03-30). "Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris): 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000266. ISSN 0003-0554.
Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M. (2011-11-01). "Ideological Segregation Online and Offline *" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 126 (4): 1799–1839. doi:10.1093/qje/qjr044. ISSN 0033-5533. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (bantuan)
Hahm, Hyeonho; Hilpert, David; König, Thomas (2023-03-30). "Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe". American Political Science Review (dalam bahasa Inggeris): 1–19. doi:10.1017/S0003055423000266. ISSN 0003-0554.
Ridge, Hannah M (2021-01-20). "Just like the others: Party differences, perception, and satisfaction with democracy". Party Politics. 28 (3): 419–430. doi:10.1177/1354068820985193. ISSN 1354-0688.
McCoy, Jennifer; Somer, Murat (2019-01-01). "Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It Harms Democracies: Comparative Evidence and Possible Remedies". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 681 (1): 234–271. doi:10.1177/0002716218818782. ISSN 0002-7162.
McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina; Somer, Murat (January 2018). "Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities". American Behavioral Scientist. 62 (1): 16–42. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576. ISSN 0002-7642.
Somer, Murat; McCoy, Jennifer (2019-01-01). "Transformations through Polarizations and Global Threats to Democracy". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 681 (1): 8–22. doi:10.1177/0002716218818058. ISSN 0002-7162.
LeBas, Adrienne; Munemo, Ngonidzashe (2019-01-01). "Elite Conflict, Compromise, and Enduring Authoritarianism: Polarization in Zimbabwe, 1980–2008". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 681 (1): 209–226. doi:10.1177/0002716218813897. ISSN 0002-7162.
Vegetti, Federico (2019-01-01). "The Political Nature of Ideological Polarization: The Case of Hungary". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 681 (1): 78–96. doi:10.1177/0002716218813895. ISSN 0002-7162.
Stavrakakis, Yannis (January 2018). "Paradoxes of Polarization: Democracy's Inherent Division and the (Anti-) Populist Challenge". American Behavioral Scientist. 62 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1177/0002764218756924. ISSN 0002-7642.
Slater, Dan (2013). Diamond, Larry; Kapstein, Ethan B.; Converse, Nathan; Mattlin, Mikael; Phongpaichit, Pasuk; Baker, Chris (penyunting). "Democratic Careening". World Politics. 65 (4): 729–763. doi:10.1017/S0043887113000233. ISSN 0043-8871. JSTOR 42002228.
Zarkov, Dubravka (2017-06-16). "Populism, polarization and social justice activism". European Journal of Women's Studies. 24 (3): 197–201. doi:10.1177/1350506817713439. ISSN 1350-5068.