Country Profile: Suriname: "Five years later the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared Suriname a socialist republic."
bjoerna.dk
Constitution of the Socialist People's Republic of Albania (1976), artikel 3: "The Party of Labour of Albania, the vanguard of the working class, is the sole leading political force of the state and the society. In the People's Socialist Republic of Albania the dominant ideology is Marxism-Leninism. The entire socialist social order is developed on the basis of its principles."
bucknell.edu
departments.bucknell.edu
Constitution of the USSR (1977), artikel 1: "The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants, and intelligentsia, the working people of all the nations and nationalities of the country."
Constitution of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana (1980), artikel 1.1: "Guyana is an indivisible, secular, democratic sovereign state in the course of transition from capitalism to socialism and shall be known as the Co-operative Republic of Guyana." (Vgl. preambule)
constituteproject.org
Constitution of Guinea-Bissau (1984), preambule: "The Popular National Assembly congratulates the PAIGC for the vanguard role it has always performed in conducting the fates of the Guinea nation, and congratulates itself for the courageous and timely decision that the Party of Amilcar Cabral took by overcoming the challenge of democratic opening, towards the construction of a plural, just and free society."
Constitution of the DPRK (1948, herz. 1998), preambule: "The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a socialist fatherland of Juche which embodies the idea of and guidance by the great leader Comrade Kim II Sung." Verder: artikel 1 (ongewijzigd t.o.v. 1972), 9, 14, 21, etc. Juche neemt echter in de grondwetsherziening van 1998 een bijzondere plek in. Juche wordt echter wel gezien als een vorm van socialisme. Ter vergelijking, in de grondwet van 1972 wordt Juche 3 keer genoemd, in de grondwet van 1992 5 keer, in de grondwet van 1992 inmiddels al 11 keer en in de meest recente grondwet van 2019 14 keer. Het aantal keer dat socialisme wordt genoemd ligt echter vele malen hoger (steeds rond de 60 keer.) Marx of marxisme worden nooit genoemd in de grondwetten van Noord-Korea, maar ook in andere grondwetten van communistische staten ontbreekt soms een verwijzing naar Marx.
Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos (1991), preambule: "During [the years] since the country has been liberated, our people have together been implementing the two strategic tasks of defending and building the country, especially the undertaking of reforms in order to mobilise the resources within the nation to preserve the people’s democratic regime and create conditions to move towards socialism."
ORDONNANCE N° 40-69 du 31 décembre 1969, portant promulgation de la constitution de la République Populaire du Congo, artikel 41: "Lors de son entrée en fonction, le Président de la République Populaireprête solennellement devant le Comité Central du Parti Congolais du Travail le sermentsuivant :« Je jure fidélité au Peuple Congolais, à la Révolution et au Parti Congolais duTravail. Je m’engage en me guidant des principes marxistes-léninistes, à consacrer,défendre les Statuts du Parti et la Constitution, à consacrer toutes mes forces au triomphedes idéaux prolétariens du Peuple Congolais dans le Travail, la démocratie et la paix »."
dre.pt
Constitution of the Portugese Republic (1976): "The Constituent Assembly (...) ensure the primacy of a democratic state based on the rule of law and open up a path towards a socialist society."
files.wordpress.com
chilot.files.wordpress.com
Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987), artikel 1: "The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall (...) lay the foundation for the construction of socialism." Artikel 6: "The Worker's Party of Ethiopia, which is guided by Marxism-Leninism, is a vanguard party dedicated to serving the working people and protecting there interests."
KANU Manifesto 1979: "At the date of Independence we have committed ourselvers to build a new Kenya guided by Democratic African Socialism and founded upon all that is good and valid in our traditional society."
KANU Manifesto 1988, p. 1: "Born out of the ancient quest for freedom and independence of Kenya peoples, the spirit that gave birth to KANU, and which sustains it, is embedded in the hallowed philosophy of African socialism."
Constitution of Bangladesh (1972, herz. 2011), preambule: "Pledging that the high ideals of nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism, which inspired our heroic people to dedicate themselves to, and our brave martyrs to sacrifice their lives in, the national liberation struggle, shall be the fundamental principles of the Constitution."
gov.kh
eccc.gov.kh
In de grondwet van 1975 zal men tevergeefs zoeken naar woorden als "socialisme" en "communisme." Er zijn wel duidelijke toespelingen naar een marxistische maatschappij: "The State of Kampuchea is a State of the people, workers, peasants and all other Kampuchean labourers." (Art.1)
heinonline.org
Constitution of the People's Republic of Angola (1976), sectie 1, artikel 2: "All sovereignty is vested in the Angolan people. The MPLA, their legitimate representative constituted from a broad front including all patriotic forces engaged in the anti-imperialist struggle, is responsible for the political, economic, and social leadership of the nation" Geen directe verwijzing naar het socialisme. Wel wordt de bijzondere rol van de MPLA, de marxistische partij, benadrukt.
ilo.org
Constitution of Egpyt (1971), preambule: "We, the people, who in addition to shouldering the trust of history, carry the responsibility of great present and future objectives deeply rooted in the long and arduous struggle, where flags of freedom, socialism and unity were hoisted along the path of the great march of the Arab nation." Daarnaast artikel 1.1: "The Arab Republic of Egypt is a Socialist Democratic State based on the alliance of the working forces of the people." En art. 4.3: "The economic foundation of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the socialist democratic system."
Constitution of 1977, artikel 1: "The official name of Libya will be 'The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya'."
kfausa.org
Constitution DPRK (2016), artikel 3: "The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is guided in its activities by the Juche idea and the Songun idea, a world outlook centred on people, a revolutionary ideology for achieving the independence of the masses of the people."
klett.de
www2.klett.de
Verfassung der Deutchen Demokratischen Republik (1968, herz. 1974), artikel 1: "Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik ist ein sozialistischer Staat deutscher Nation. Sie ist die politische Organisation der Werktätigen in Stadt und Land, die gemeinsam unter Führung der Arbeiterklasse und ihrer marxistisch-leninistischen Partei den Sozialismus verwirklichen."
Constitution of Algeria (1963), preambule: "Faithful to the program adopted by the National Council of the Algerian Revolution in Tripoli, the democratic and popular Algerian Republic will direct its activities toward the construction of the country in accordance with the principles of socialism and with the effective exercise of power by the people, among whom the fellahs, the laboring masses and the revolutionary intellectuals shall constitute the vanguard."
numilog.com
excerpts.numilog.com
Ch. Cadoux: La deuxième République malgache (1989): "elle s'achève le 31 décembre 1975 par la promulgation d'une nouvelle Constitution qui installe officiellement le pays dans la voie du socialisme révolutionnaire."
parliament.lk
Constitution of Sri Lanka (1978), hoofdstuk 6, artikel 27.2: "The State is pledged to establish in Sri Lanka a democratic socialist society."
princeton.edu
lapa.princeton.edu
Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949), artikel 3: "The State of the H.P.R. defends the liberty and power of the Hungarian working people and the independence of the country, fights against every form of exploitation of man, and organises social forces for the building of socialism. The H.P.R. realises itself in the close alliance of workers and the working peasantry led by the workers' class."
righttononviolence.org
Constitution of Sudan (1973), artikel 1: "The Democratic Republic of Sudan is a (...) socialist republic." Het socialisme wordt ook genoemd in de preambule.
sejm.gov.pl
libr.sejm.gov.pl
Constitution of the Polish People's Republic (1952), preambule: "Implementing the will of the Polish Nation, the Legislative Seym of the Republic of Poland, in accordance with its purpose, solemnly adopts the present Constitution as the fundamental law by which the Polish Nation and all organs of authority of the Polish working people shall be guided, in order: (...) To strengthen the patriotic feelings, the unity and solidarity of the Polish Nation in its struggle still further to improve social conditions, to eliminate completely the exploitation of man by man, and to put into effect the great ideals of Socialism."
Constitution mauritanienne 1961, révisée 1965, artikel 1: "Le Parti du Peuple mauritanien, né de la fusion des partis nationaux existant au 25 Décembre 1961, est reconnu comme l'unique parti de l'État."
La Constitution 14 Mai 1982, preambule: "Au cours de cette phase, le Peuple de Guinée s’engage à construire une Nation forte, prospère et juste, une Société socialiste, et à poursuivre indéfiniment son évolution vers des progrès de plus en plus élevés dans tous les domaines."
The Constitution law of People's Republic of China (1949), artikel 1.1: "The People's Republic of China is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants." Zie ook de preambule en verschillende andere artikelen in de grondwet.
Constitution of Indonesia (1945), preambule: "constitution of the sovereign Republic of Indonesia which is based on the belief in the One and Only God, just and humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by the inner wisdom of deliberations amongst representatives and the realization of social justice for all of the people of Indonesia." (Pancasila).
Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960), artikel 1.: "The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic is a socialist State founded on the firm alliance of the workers, farmers and intelligentsia, with the working class at its head."
Somalia Constitution (1979), artikel 1: "The Somali Democratic Republic is a socialist state led by the working class, and is an integral part of the Arab and African entities."
Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1971, herz. 1978), artikel 1: "The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen is a sovereign democraticand people's Republic. It is a state that expresses the interests of the workers, thepeasants, the intelligentsia, the petty bourgeoisie and all the working populace andaims towards the realization of the United Democratic Yemen, and the absolutefulfilment of the basis of the national democratic revolution stage for the purposeof paving the way for the transition to the construction of socialism."
