Contracultura da década de 1960 (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Contracultura da década de 1960" in Portuguese language version.

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  • «International Data Base World Population Growth Rates: 1950–2050». US Department of Commerce. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2014. Arquivado do original em 20 de fevereiro de 2014. The world population growth rate rose from about 1.5 percent per year from 1950 to 1951, to a peak of over 2 percent in the early 1960s due to reductions in mortality. Growth rates thereafter started to decline due to rising age at marriage as well as increasing availability and use of effective contraceptive methods. Note that changes in population growth have not always been steady. A dip in the growth rate from 1959 to 1960, for instance, was due to the Great Leap Forward in China. During that time, both natural disasters and decreased agricultural output in the wake of massive social reorganization caused China's death rate to rise sharply and its fertility rate to fall by almost half 

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  • CTBTO. «1955–62: From peace movement to missile crisis». Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2014. The international Peace Movement played an essential role throughout the Cold War in keeping the public informed on issues of disarmament and pressuring governments to negotiate arms control treaties 
  • CTBTO. «1963–77: Limits on nuclear testing». Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2014. 1963–77: Limits on nuclear testing 

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  • "Los anarco-individualistas, G.I.A ... Una escisión de la FAI producida en el IX Congreso (Carrara, 1965) se produjo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia humanista rechazan la interpretación que ellos juzgan disciplinaria del pacto asociativo" clásico, y crean los GIA (Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica) . Esta pequeña federación de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos anarco-individualistas de orientación pacifista, naturista, etcétera defiende la autonomía personal y rechaza a rajatabla toda forma de intervención en los procesos del sistema, como sería por ejemplo el sindicalismo. Su portavoz es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisión de los GIA prefiguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que pronto había de comenzar en el seno del movimiento""El movimiento libertario en Italia" by Bicicleta. REVISTA DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS Year 1 No. Noviembre, 1 1977 Arquivado em 12 de outubro de 2013, no Wayback Machine.

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  • «The Quality that Made Radio Popular». US FCC. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2014. It was not until the 1960's...that the quality advantage of FM combined with stereo was enjoyed by most Americans 

findarticles.com

  • Holloway, David (2002). «Yippies». St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture 

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  • «Abc-Clio». Greenwood.com. Consultado em 5 de novembro de 2011 

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  • "The Left Bank Revisited: Marker, Resnais, Varda", Harvard Film Archive, [1] Arquivado em 7 de setembro de 2015, no Wayback Machine. Access date: August 16, 2008.

history.com

  • «Ask Steve: Generation Gap (Video)». Consultado em 1 de maio de 2014. Explore the existence of the generation gap that took place in the 1960's through this Ask Steve video. Steve Gillon explains there was even a larger gap between the Baby Boomers themselves than the Baby Boomers and the Greatest Generation. The massive Baby Boomers Generation was born between 1946 and 1964, consisting of nearly 78 million people. The Baby Boomers were coming of age in the 1960's, and held different cultural values than the Greatest Generation. The Greatest Generation lived in a time of self-denial, while the Baby Boomers were always seeking immediate gratification. However, the Baby Boomers were more divided amongst themselves. Not all of them were considered hippies and protesters. In fact, people under the age of 28 supported the Vietnam War in greater numbers than their parents. These divisions continue to play out today. 

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  • "Within the movements of the sixties there was much more receptivity to anarchism-in-fact than had existed in the movements of the thirties ... But the movements of the sixties were driven by concerns that were more compatible with an expressive style of politics, with hostility to authority in general and state power in particular ... By the late sixties, political protest was intertwined with cultural radicalism based on a critique of all authority and all hierarchies of power. Anarchism circulated within the movement along with other radical ideologies. The influence of anarchism was strongest among radical feminists, in the commune movement, and probably in the Weather Underground and elsewhere in the violent fringe of the anti-war movement." "Anarchism and the Anti-Globalization Movement" by Barbara Epstein

msu.edu

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  • "Farrell provides a detailed history of the Catholic Workers and their founders Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin. He explains that their pacifism, anarchism, and commitment to the downtrodden were one of the important models and inspirations for the 60s. As Farrell puts it, "Catholic Workers identified the issues of the sixties before the Sixties began, and they offered models of protest long before the protest decade.""The Spirit of the Sixties: The Making of Postwar Radicalism" by James J.Farrell

npr.org

  • Mondello, Bob (8 de agosto de 2008). «Remembering Hollywood's Hays Code, 40 Years On». npr.org. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2014. ... It took just two years...for Midnight Cowboy to be re-rated from X to R, without a single frame being altered. Community standards had changed — as they invariably do 

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  • Muir, Patricia. «History of Pesticide Use». Consultado em 7 de julho de 2014. Then, things began to temper the enthusiasm for pesticides. Notable among these was the publication of Rachel Carson's best selling book "Silent Spring," which was published in 1962. She (a scientist) issued grave warnings about pesticides, and predicted massive destruction of the planet's fragile ecosystems unless more was done to halt what she called the "rain of chemicals." In retrospect, this book really launched the environmental movement. 

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  • Carmen Bernand, « D'une rive à l'autre », Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos, Materiales de seminarios, 2008 (Latin-Americanist Review published by the EHESS), Put on line on June 15, 2008. URL : http://nuevomundo.revues.org//index35983.html Accessed on July 28, 2008. (em francês)

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  • Stewart Home. "The Assault on Culture: Utopian currents from Lettrisme to Class War". Introduction to the Lithuanian edition. (Ist edition Aporia Press and Unpopular Books, London 1988.) ISBN 978-0-948518-88-1. "In the sixties Black Mask disrupted reified cultural events in New York by making up flyers giving the dates, times and location of art events and giving these out to the homeless with the lure of the free drink that was on offer to the bourgeoisie rather than the lumpen proletariat; I reused the ruse just as effectively in London in the 1990s to disrupt literary events."

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  • Freedman, Mervin B.; Powelson, Harvey (31 de janeiro de 1966). «Drugs on Campus: Turned On & Tuned Out» (PDF). The Nation. New York: Nation Co. LP. pp. 125–127. Within the last five years the ingestion of various drugs has become widespread on the American campus. 

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  • «Birth Rate Chart» (GIF). CNN. CNN. 11 de agosto de 2011. Annotated Chart of 20th Century US Birth Rates 

ushistory.org

  • «Flower Power». 2014. Consultado em 28 de julho de 2014. Like the utopian societies of the 1840s, over 2000 rural communes formed during these turbulent times. Completely rejecting the capitalist system, many communes rotated duties, made their own laws, and elected their own leaders. Some were philosophically based, but others were influenced by new religions. Earth-centered religions, astrological beliefs, and Eastern faiths proliferated across American campuses. Some scholars labeled this trend as the Third Great Awakening. 

uta.edu

  • "During the 1960s, Marcuse achieved world renown as "the guru of the New Left," publishing many articles and giving lectures and advice to student radicals all over the world. He travelled widely and his work was often discussed in the mass media, becoming one of the few American intellectuals to gain such attention. Never surrendering his revolutionary vision and commitments, Marcuse continued to his death to defend the Marxian theory and libertarian socialism." Douglas Kellner "Marcuse, Herbert" Arquivado em 7 de fevereiro de 2012, no Wayback Machine.
  • Douglas Kellner Herbert arcuse

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  • Churney, Linda (1979). «Student Protest in the 1960s». Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Curriculum Unit 79.02.03. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2014. This unit focuses on student protest in the 60s 

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