Elétron (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Elétron" in Portuguese language version.

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Ozdemir, F.S. (25–27 de junho de 1979). Electron beam lithography. Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Design automation. San Diego, CA, USA: IEEE Press. pp. 383–391. Consultado em 16 de outubro de 2008

aps.org

link.aps.org

Agostini M. et al. (Borexino Coll.) (2015). «Test of Electric Charge Conservation with Borexino». Physical Review Letters. 115 (23). 231802 páginas. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115w1802A. arXiv:1509.01223. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.231802

journals.aps.org

Mauritsson, J.; et al. (2008). «Coherent Electron Scattering Captured by an Attosecond Quantum Stroboscope». Physical Review Letters. 100 (7): 073003. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100g3003M. PMID 18352546. arXiv:0708.1060. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.073003

arxiv.org

Agostini M. et al. (Borexino Coll.) (2015). «Test of Electric Charge Conservation with Borexino». Physical Review Letters. 115 (23). 231802 páginas. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115w1802A. arXiv:1509.01223. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.231802
Frampton, P.H.; Hung, P.Q.; Sher, Marc (2000). «Quarks and Leptons Beyond the Third Generation». Physics Reports. 330 (5–6): 263–348. Bibcode:2000PhR...330..263F. arXiv:hep-ph/9903387. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00095-2
The original source for CODATA is Mohr, P.J.; Taylor, B.N.; Newell, D.B. (2006). «CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants». Reviews of Modern Physics. 80 (2): 633–730. Bibcode:2008RvMP...80..633M. arXiv:0801.0028. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633
Individual physical constants from the CODATA are available at: «The NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty». National Institute of Standards and Technology. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2009
Murphy, M.T.; et al. (2008). «Strong Limit on a Variable Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Molecules in the Distant Universe». Science. 320 (5883): 1611–1613. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1611M. PMID 18566280. arXiv:0806.3081. doi:10.1126/science.1156352
Murayama, H. (10–17 de março de 2006). Supersymmetry Breaking Made Easy, Viable and Generic. Proceedings of the XLIInd Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories. La Thuile, Italy. arXiv:0709.3041 —lista uma diferença de 9% para um elétron que é do tamanho do comprimento de Planck.
Sidharth, B.G. (2008). «Revisiting Zitterbewegung». International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 48 (2): 497–506. Bibcode:2009IJTP...48..497S. arXiv:0806.0985. doi:10.1007/s10773-008-9825-8
Mahadevan, R.; Narayan, R.; Yi, I. (1996). «Harmony in Electrons: Cyclotron and Synchrotron Emission by Thermal Electrons in a Magnetic Field». The Astrophysical Journal. 465: 327–337. Bibcode:1996ApJ...465..327M. arXiv:astro-ph/9601073. doi:10.1086/177422
Chen, S.-Y.; Maksimchuk, A.; Umstadter, D. (1998). «Experimental observation of relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering». Nature. 396 (6712): 653–655. Bibcode:1998Natur.396..653C. arXiv:physics/9810036. doi:10.1038/25303
Quigg, C. (4–30 de junho de 2000). The Electroweak Theory. TASI 2000: Flavor Physics for the Millennium. Boulder, Colorado. p. 80. arXiv:hep-ph/0204104
Grupen, C. (2000). «Physics of Particle Detection». AIP Conference Proceedings. 536: 3–34. arXiv:physics/9906063. doi:10.1063/1.1361756
Kadin, A.M. (2007). «Spatial Structure of the Cooper Pair». Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 20 (4): 285–292. arXiv:cond-mat/0510279. doi:10.1007/s10948-006-0198-z
Jompol, Y.; et al. (2009). «Probing Spin-Charge Separation in a Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid». Science. 325 (5940): 597–601. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..597J. PMID 19644117. arXiv:1002.2782. doi:10.1126/science.1171769
Burles, S.; Nollett, K.M.; Turner, M.S. (1999). «Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis: Linking Inner Space and Outer Space». arXiv:astro-ph/9903300 [astro-ph]
Barkana, R. (2006). «The First Stars in the Universe and Cosmic Reionization». Science. 313 (5789): 931–934. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..931B. PMID 16917052. arXiv:astro-ph/0608450. doi:10.1126/science.1125644
Fryer, C.L. (1999). «Mass Limits For Black Hole Formation». The Astrophysical Journal. 522 (1): 413–418. Bibcode:1999ApJ...522..413F. arXiv:astro-ph/9902315. doi:10.1086/307647
Parikh, M.K.; Wilczek, F. (2000). «Hawking Radiation As Tunneling». Physical Review Letters. 85 (24): 5042–5045. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..85.5042P. PMID 11102182. arXiv:hep-th/9907001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5042
Halzen, F.; Hooper, D. (2002). «High-energy neutrino astronomy: the cosmic ray connection». Reports on Progress in Physics. 66 (7): 1025–1078. Bibcode:2002astro.ph..4527H. arXiv:astro-ph/0204527. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/65/7/201
Mauritsson, J.; et al. (2008). «Coherent Electron Scattering Captured by an Attosecond Quantum Stroboscope». Physical Review Letters. 100 (7): 073003. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100g3003M. PMID 18352546. arXiv:0708.1060. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.073003
Damascelli, A. (2004). «Probing the Electronic Structure of Complex Systems by ARPES». Physica Scripta. T109: 61–74. Bibcode:2004PhST..109...61D. arXiv:cond-mat/0307085. doi:10.1238/Physica.Topical.109a00061

books.google.com

Esta magnitude é obtida a partir do número quântico do spin conforme
${\begin{alignedat}{2}S&={\sqrt {s(s+1)}}\cdot {\frac {h}{2\pi }}\\&={\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}\hbar \\\end{alignedat}}$
para o número quântico s = 12. Ver: Gupta, M.C. (2001). Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy. [S.l.]: New Age Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 81-224-1300-5
O raio clássico do elétron é derivado conforme segue. Assume que a carga do elétron está espalhada uniformemente pelo volume esférico. Uma vez que uma parte da esfera iria repelir outras partes, a esfera contém energia potencial eletrostática. Esta energia é assumida como igual ao resto de energia, definido pela relatividade especial (E = mc²). Da teoria eletrostática, a energia potencial da esfera com raio rr e carga e é dada por :
$E_{\mathrm {p} }={\frac {e^{2}}{8\pi \varepsilon _{0}r}},$
onde ε₀ é a constante de permissividade do vácuo. Para um elétron com resto de massa m₀, o resto de energia é igual a:
$\textstyle E_{\mathrm {p} }=m_{0}c^{2},$
onde c é a velocidade da luz no vácuo. Fazendo os iguais e resolvendo para r chegamos ao valor do raio clássico do elétron. Ver: Haken, H.; Wolf, H.C.; Brewer, W.D. (2005). The Physics of Atoms and Quanta: Introduction to Experiments and Theory. [S.l.]: Springer. p. 70. ISBN 3-540-67274-5
Arabatzis, T. (2006). Representing Electrons: A Biographical Approach to Theoretical Entities. [S.l.]: University of Chicago Press. pp. 70–74. ISBN 0-226-02421-0
Buchwald, J.Z.; Warwick, A. (2001). Histories of the Electron: The Birth of Microphysics. [S.l.]: MIT Press. pp. 195–203. ISBN 0-262-52424-4
Curtis, L.J. (2003). Atomic Structure and Lifetimes: A Conceptual Approach. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN 0-521-53635-9
Anastopoulos, C. (2008). Particle Or Wave: The Evolution of the Concept of Matter in Modern Physics. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 0-691-13512-6
Pauling, L.C. (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: an introduction to modern structural chemistry 3rd ed. [S.l.]: Cornell University Press. pp. 4–10. ISBN 0-8014-0333-2
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Sōgo Okamura (1994). History of Electron Tubes. [S.l.]: IOS Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-5199-145-1. Consultado em 29 de maio de 2015. In 1881, Stoney named this electromagnetic 'electrolion'. It came to be called 'electron' from 1891. [...] In 1906, the suggestion to call cathode ray particles 'electrions' was brought up but through the opinion of Lorentz of Holland 'electrons' came to be widely used.
Born, M.; Blin-Stoyle, R.J.; Radcliffe, J.M. (1989). Atomic Physics. [S.l.]: Courier Dover. p. 26. ISBN 0-486-65984-4
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www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk

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The original source for CODATA is Mohr, P.J.; Taylor, B.N.; Newell, D.B. (2006). «CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants». Reviews of Modern Physics. 80 (2): 633–730. Bibcode:2008RvMP...80..633M. arXiv:0801.0028. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633
Individual physical constants from the CODATA are available at: «The NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty». National Institute of Standards and Technology. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2009
Murphy, M.T.; et al. (2008). «Strong Limit on a Variable Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Molecules in the Distant Universe». Science. 320 (5883): 1611–1613. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1611M. PMID 18566280. arXiv:0806.3081. doi:10.1126/science.1156352
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